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Biomedical subjects

Hongming Zhuang

Publications and source records attributed to Hongming Zhuang.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Demonstration of excessive metabolic activity of thoracic and abdominal muscles on FDG-PET in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if an FDG-PET study was able to visualize muscle uptake of the chest and abdomen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: This study included 25 patients with COPD and 25 patients without COPD who had undergone a FDG-PET study. The nonattenuation-corrected images were used to determine the degree of FDG uptake in the intercostals, subscapular, abdominal rectus, and abdominal oblique muscles. The intensity of uptake in the muscles was rated on a 4-point grading scale with 1 being less, 2 the same, 3 slightly more, and 4 markedly more intense than the sternum. RESULTS: Thirteen patients with COPD demonstrated FDG activity in the intercostal muscles that was equal to or greater than the sternum and the tracer was demonstrated predominantly in the inferolateral chest wall (n = 8), the entire lateral chest wall (n = 2), the posteroinferior chest wall (n = 2), and the entire chest wall (n = 1). In all 13 patients with COPD who demonstrated FDG activity in the abdominal oblique muscles, the site of muscle activity was predominantly in the anteroinferior abdominal wall (n = 8), the lateral wall (n = 4), and the anterior wall (n = 1). In patients without known COPD, the frequency and intensity of uptake in the muscles were less than those with the disease. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the ability of FDG-PET imaging to assess muscle function in respiratory disorders and may prove to be of some value in further characterizing this disorder.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2005

FDG-PET imaging in primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Primary adrenal lymphoma is an extremely rare entity. Only 70 cases have been reported in the English literature. Most of the patients are elderly men with bilateral adrenal masses without extraadrenal involvement. The most common presenting symptoms are fever, weight loss, lumbar pain, and/or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. Of the cases reported, CT, ultrasound, and MRI were the imaging modalities used to describe the lesions. FDG PET has been used successfully to differentiate benign and malignant adrenal masses. The authors report a 67-year-old man diagnosed as having primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma and having no evidence of extraadrenal spread who was evaluated from the time of diagnosis to complete remission with FDG PET scanning. The literature of this unusual neoplasm is reviewed in detail.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

F-18 FDG positron emission tomography in non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast.

The breast is an uncommon site of development of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Both primary and secondary involvement of the breast have been reported. A 36-year-old woman diagnosed with NHL underwent multimodality imaging for staging of the disease. CT of the chest revealed no significant abnormalities. Whole-body FDG PET imaging showed intense FDG uptake in the left breast. Cytologic examination confirmed breast involvement by diffuse large B-cell NHL. Although rare, breast involvement characterized by increased FDG uptake can occur in patients with lymphoma. This case highlights the role of FDG PET in patients with suspected lymphoma in dense breasts that can be missed by CT scan and mammogram.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Radiation myelopathy visualized as increased FDG uptake on positron emission tomography.

A woman with a history of desmoid tumor involving the T9-T10 vertebrae was treated with local irradiation. After treatment, she developed tingling sensations in both legs. An FDG PET study demonstrated focally increased activity posterior to the vertebral bodies at the levels of T9-T10, which was vertical in orientation, corresponding to the location of the spinal cord at this level. This finding is consistent with the clinical suspicion of radiation myelopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Detection of bone marrow metastases by FDG-PET and missed by bone scintigraphy in widespread melanoma.

The optimal management of patients with melanoma requires accurate imaging techniques that can screen the entire body for metastases. One of the most used tests for this purpose is bone scintigraphy. PET has been reported to be more sensitive than bone scintigraphy in some malignancies. In our case, FDG-PET was also superior to bone scintigraphy in detecting the extent of skeletal disease in a patient with melanoma. This is likely the result of the fact that metastasis to bone marrow may not result in bone reaction in certain conditions and therefore bone scans may remain negative despite skeletal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Intense esophageal FDG activity caused by Candida infection obscured the concurrent primary esophageal cancer on PET imaging.

Esophageal cancer frequently causes a focal intense FDG uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging while esophagitis often results in a mild to moderate degree of FDG activity in a diffuse pattern. However, detection of an esophageal cancer can become difficult in the presence of a diffuse esophageal activity because of esophagitis. We present such case in which esophageal cancer superimposed by Candidal esophagitis is difficult to recognize on FDG PET images.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed2005

Small urine leak after renal transplantation: detection by delayed 99mTc-DTPA renography--a case report.

This case report involves a 45-y-old woman after cadaveric renal transplantation. The initial renal scan on the first postsurgical day showed normal findings. Subsequently, on the sixth postsurgical day, the patient had decreased urine output; 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal scanning was performed again and did not show definite scintigraphic evidence of a urine leak. The patient's condition was not improving; renal scanning was repeated on day 20 and demonstrated a large photopenic region surrounding the superior, medial, and inferior aspects of the kidney. Delayed imaging was performed 2.5 h after injection of radiotracer, and activity was observed in the previously cold region.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Potential of dual-time-point imaging to improve breast cancer diagnosis with (18)F-FDG PET.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of dual-time-point imaging for identifying malignant lesions in the breast by (18)F-FDG PET. METHODS: Fifty-four breast cancer patients with 57 breast lesions underwent 2 sequential PET scans (dual-time-point imaging). The average percent change in standardized uptake values (SUVs) between time point 1 and time point 2 was calculated. All PET study results were correlated with follow-up surgical pathology results. RESULTS: Of the 57 breast lesions, 39 were invasive carcinoma and 18 were postbiopsy inflammation. Among the invasive carcinoma lesions, 33 (85%) showed an increase and 6 (15%) showed either no change or a decrease in SUVs over time. The percent change in SUVs from time point 1 to time point 2 (mean +/- SD) was +12.6% +/- 11.4% (P = 0.003). Of the 18 inflammatory lesions, 3 (17%) showed an increase and 15 (83%) showed either no change or a decrease in SUVs. The percent change in SUVs from time point 1 to time point 2 (mean +/- SD) was -10.2% +/- 16.5% (P = 0.03). Of the 57 normal contralateral breasts, 2 (3.5%) showed an increase and 55 (96.5%) showed either no change or a decrease in SUVs. The percent change in SUVs from time point 1 to time point 2 (mean +/- SD) was -15.8% +/- 17% (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: There is increasing uptake of (18)F-FDG over time in breast malignancies, whereas the uptake of (18)F-FDG in inflammatory lesions and normal breast tissues decreases over time. A percent change of +3.75 or more in SUVs over time is highly sensitive and specific in differentiating inflammatory lesions from malignant lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Akt stimulates aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells.

Cancer cells frequently display high rates of aerobic glycolysis in comparison to their nontransformed counterparts, although the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains poorly understood. Constitutive activity of the serine/threonine kinase Akt is a common perturbation observed in malignant cells. Surprisingly, although Akt activity is sufficient to promote leukemogenesis in nontransformed hematopoietic precursors and maintenance of Akt activity was required for rapid disease progression, the expression of activated Akt did not increase the proliferation of the premalignant or malignant cells in culture. However, Akt stimulated glucose consumption in transformed cells without affecting the rate of oxidative phosphorylation. High rates of aerobic glycolysis were also identified in human glioblastoma cells possessing but not those lacking constitutive Akt activity. Akt-expressing cells were more susceptible than control cells to death after glucose withdrawal. These data suggest that activation of the Akt oncogene is sufficient to stimulate the switch to aerobic glycolysis characteristic of cancer cells and that Akt activity renders cancer cells dependent on aerobic glycolysis for continued growth and survival.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed2004

Biodistribution of post-therapeutic versus diagnostic (131)I-MIBG scans in children with neuroblastoma.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the biodistribution of therapeutic (131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and assess the sensitivity of diagnostic versus therapeutic (131)I-MIBG scans to detect metastatic disease. PROCEDURE: This retrospective study included 44 diagnostic and post-therapy scans (PTS) in 18 children with neuroblastoma treated with (131)I-MIBG (2.0-33.1 GBq). The findings of diagnostic scans (DS) (2.6-44.4 MBq) were compared to those of corresponding PTS. RESULTS: In terms of biodistribution, the PTS identified (131)I-MIBG activity in one or more patients in the following regions not detected on the DS: nasal mucosa, cerebellum, central brain, adrenals, spleen, kidneys, thyroid, salivary glands, lower halves of the lungs, bladder, bowel, and an incisional scar. Conversely, the DS identified activity in the thorax, heart, kidneys, and bladder each in one patient without being visualized on the PTS. In terms of sensitivity to detect metastatic disease, 210 lesions were seen on the PTS compared to 151 on the DS. The PTS demonstrated sites of disease not evident in the DS in 16 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The biodistribution of (131)I-MIBG is different using therapeutic doses as compared to pre-therapy doses. (131)I-MIBG imaging following high therapeutic doses often reveals sites of occult metastatic disease that may be clinically relevant.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed2004

Normal variants in [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging.

The number of fluorodeoxyglucose PET applications is increasing. In the process of reading fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans, nuclear medicine physicians encounter a wide variety of normal findings, which must be recognized to determine the best management for patients. It is important to recognize and understand normal variants to avoid misinterpretation of more serious pathology. This article reviews different patterns of physiologic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake including changes with age.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Investigation of thyroid, head, and neck cancers with PET.

PET with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been accepted as a useful imaging modality for the diagnosis of a variety of malignancies. This article discusses the use of FDG-PET in the management of patients with thyroid and head or neck cancers.

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18↗
PubMed2004

PET in the management of urologic malignancies.

FDG-PET has a limited role in diagnosis of prostate cancer mainly because of the low uptake of FDG in the tumor and normal excretion of FDG through urine. FDG-PET has shown some promise in the assessment of lymph nodes and bone metastases. There is a large degree of variability when FDG-PET is compared with bone scintigraphy. New C11-labeled radiotracers (acetate, choline, and methionine) have shown promising initial results but further studies are required to determine their role in such settings. These radiotracers provide a unique opportunity for dynamic, multitracer, and quantitative studies, which improve the sensitivity and specificity on PET in this population. Short half-lives and of C-11, however with the limits to their use requires an on-site cyclotron. Recent synthesis schemes with [18F]-labeling, however, may overcome this limitation. FDG-PET has a significant potential to assist with the diagnosis and management of testicular cancer. PET has been most useful in defining the presence or absence of disease in patients with residual masses. PET has shown promising results for the initial diagnosis of this cancer, but further for studies ar required to determine its role in the management of this malignancy. PET can be used in conjunction with conventional imaging techniques to diagnose retroperitoneal masses in patients with primary testicular cancer. FDG-PET has shown very encouraging results in a limited number of studies, and has also demonstrated a good sensitivity for initial staging. FDG-PET seems to be superior to conventional imaging modalities for detecting local disease and recurrence, and distant metastases.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2004

Quantification in PET.

Quantification provides the link between the concentrations of radioactivity measured in tissue and the underlying physiologic processes occurring in the organ. It relates the rate at which radioactivity levels in the body change over time to quantitative parameters such as absolute rate glucose metabolism, regional blood flow, or concentrations of receptors or other binding sites. Absolute measurement of physiologic parameters generally requires accurate measurement of activity concentrations in arterial blood, which provides the input function to the kinetic model. Although absolute quantification can be a difficult process, simplifications of these invasive techniques, involving reference tissues or normalization approaches (eg, SUV), have been applied with some success. Any simplified model of tracer behavior must be validated against the full model to test for bias and systematic errors.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

PET: a revolution in medical imaging.

FDG-PET has had remarkable influence on the assessment of physiologic and pathologic states. The authors predict that FDG-PET imaging could soon become the most common procedure used by nuclear medicine laboratories and could remain so for an extended period of time. The power of molecular imaging lies in the vast potential for using biochemical and pharmacologic probes to extend applications arising from an understanding of cell biology to a large number of well-characterized pathologic states. Molecular imaging based upon tracer kinetics with positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals could become the main source of information for the management of cancer patients. In that case, nuclear medicine procedures might become the most common imaging studies performed in the practice of medicine. This speculation is not farfetched when one realizes the enormous change that a single biologically important compound, FDG, has brought to the medical arena. The major challenge today is to attract the highly qualified individuals and to secure the resources needed to harness the opportunities in the specialty of molecular imaging.

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18↗