Patients with malignancy requiring urgent therapy: CASE 2. Bilateral renal swelling induced by adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Biomedical subjects
Hiroyuki Miyamoto
Publications and source records attributed to Hiroyuki Miyamoto.
Preparation of monoclonal antibodies cross-reactive with orthopoxviruses and their application for direct immunofluorescence test.
Variola virus (smallpox virus), vaccinia virus (VV), cowpox virus (CPV) and ectromelia virus (EV) belong to the genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. To establish the possible diagnosis for smallpox infection, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against VV and CPV were produced. The cross-reactivity of seven MAbs with cells infected with various strains of the orthopoxviruses (CPV, VV and EV) was confirmed by an immunofluorescence (IF) test and other immunological analyses. Four and three MAbs reacted with the common antigen of all poxviruses (probably NP antigen) and the antigen involved in neutralization, respectively. We developed the IF test using these MAbs. The direct IF test required only 45 min to perform. Smallpox infection is now eradicated, but it is important to prepare for the diagnosis of smallpox in an emergency. The direct IF assay using MAbs cross-reactive with orthopoxviruses is rapid, simple, specific, applicable for multiple samples, and will make it possible to screen for and detect orthopoxviruses that include variola virus with tissue impression smears from skin lesions in most laboratories or institutes.
Animals↗
Pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates in a patient with CD20-positive multiple myeloma.
A 53-yr-old woman developed a dry cough after the completion of multi-agent chemotherapy. The biopsy specimens showed diffuse infiltrates with multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining in MM cells with surface CD20, surface CD38, and cytoplasmic IgG. This report represents the first reported case of pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates in a patient with CD20-positive MM.
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗
Reinforcement learning with via-point representation.
In this paper, we propose a new learning framework for motor control. This framework consists of two components: reinforcement learning and via-point representation. In the field of motor control, conventional reinforcement learning has been used to acquire control sequences such as cart-pole or stand-up robot control. Recently, researchers have become interested in hierarchical architecture, such as multiple levels, and multiple temporal and spatial scales. Our new framework contains two levels of hierarchical architecture. The higher level is implemented using via-point representation, which corresponds to macro-actions or multiple time scales. The lower level is implemented using a trajectory generator that produces primitive actions. Our framework can modify the ongoing movement by means of temporally localized via-points and trajectory generation. Successful results are obtained in computer simulation of the cart-pole swing up task.
Computer Simulation↗
Separable features of visual cortical plasticity revealed by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2A signaling.
How individual receptive field properties are formed in the maturing sensory neocortex remains largely unknown. The shortening of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor currents by 2A subunit (NR2A) insertion has been proposed to delimit the critical period for experience-dependent refinement of circuits in visual cortex. In mice engineered to maintain prolonged NMDA responses by targeted deletion of NR2A, the sensitivity to monocular deprivation was surprisingly weakened but restricted to the typical critical period and delayed normally by dark rearing from birth. Orientation preference instead failed to mature, occluding further effects of dark rearing. Interestingly, a full ocular dominance plasticity (but not orientation bias) was selectively restored by enhanced inhibition, reflecting an imbalanced excitation in the absence of NR2A. Many of the downstream pathways involved in NMDA signaling are coupled to the receptor through a variety of protein-protein interactions and adaptor molecules. To further investigate a mechanistic dissociation of receptive field properties in the developing visual system, mice carrying a targeted disruption of the NR2A-associated 95-kDa postsynaptic density (PSD95) scaffolding protein were analyzed. Although the development and plasticity of ocular dominance was unaffected, orientation preference again failed to mature in these mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the cellular basis generating individual sensory response properties is separable in the developing neocortex.
Animals↗
Experience-dependent slow-wave sleep development.
Sleep enhances plasticity in neocortex, and thereby improves sensory learning. Here we show that sleep itself undergoes changes as a consequence of waking experience during a late critical period in cats and mice. Dark-rearing produced a robust and reversible decrement of slow-wave electrical activity during sleep that was restricted to visual cortex and impaired by gene-targeted reduction of NMDA receptor function.
Aging↗
Reciprocal interaction of sleep and synaptic plasticity.
Synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory has been proposed, on the basis of several experimental approaches, to be intimately related with sleep: 1) The idea that sleep contributes to stabilization of acquired memory arises from numerous studies depriving subjects or animals of sleep. 2) Evidence from developing technologies supports "offline" reprocessing of recent experiences during sleep. 3) Recent analysis of the thalamocortical system establishes the reciprocal observation that sleep itself is a plastic process affected by waking experience. This overview synthesizes these converging perspectives across a variety of brain regions and species. We propose the developing visual pathway as a fruitful model for comprehensive understanding of sleep and synaptic plasticity.
Animals↗
Involvement of the multidomain regulatory protein XynR in positive control of xylanase gene expression in the ruminal anaerobe Prevotella bryantii B(1)4.
The xylanase gene cluster from the rumen anaerobe Prevotella bryantii B(1)4 was found to include a gene (xynR) that encodes a multidomain regulatory protein and is downstream from the xylanase and beta-xylosidase genes xynA and xynB. Additional genes identified upstream of xynA and xynB include xynD, which encodes an integral membrane protein that has homology with Na:solute symporters; xynE, which is related to the genes encoding acylhydrolases and arylesterases; and xynF, which has homology with the genes encoding alpha-glucuronidases. XynR includes, in a single 833-amino-acid polypeptide, a putative input domain unrelated to other database sequences, a likely transmembrane domain, histidine kinase motifs, response regulator sequences, and a C-terminal AraC-type helix-turn-helix DNA binding domain. Two transcripts (3.7 and 5.8 kb) were detected with a xynA probe, and the start site of the 3.7-kb transcript encoding xynABD was mapped to a position upstream of xynD. The DNA binding domain of XynR was purified after amplification and overexpression in Escherichia coli and was found to bind to a 141-bp DNA fragment from the region immediately upstream of xynD. In vitro transcription assays demonstrated that XynR stimulates transcription of the 3.7-kb transcript. We concluded that XynR acts as a positive regulator that activates expression of xynABD in P. bryantii B(1)4. This is the first regulatory protein that demonstrates significant homology with the two-component regulatory protein superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the regulation of polysaccharidase gene expression.
Animals↗
Enzymatic depletion of serotonin in vivo and its consequences.
The serotonin (5-HT) system in the brain is a global modulator thought to tune up a unique subset of brain keynotes such as emotion, motivation, and sleep/conscious states in the deepest seats of cognition and behavior. In pursuit for coherent accounts of such higher-order issues, we have been trying to deduce the system dynamics of 5-HT in full span from the perturbation-response couples elicited by our most quick, specific, extensive, and reversible depletion of the brain 5-HT so far available via plasma precursor annihilation by injection of a tryptophan degrading enzyme (TSO) (ISTRY meetings-1986 in Cardiff, -92 in Nagoya and -98 in Hamburg). Herein discussed are the dynamics of the 5-HT depletion both in the whole brain and regional dimensions, and then the perturbation-induced manifestation of a continuous behavioral quiescence underlain by chaotic patterns of sleep/waking states. This response in sharp contrast to those by earlier serotonin depletors, prompts us to consider a serious revision of the current 5-HT scenario. In the light of our research, future directions will be discussed together with the RTD (rapid tryptophan depletion) claiming the impaired brain 5-HT turnover by a partial decline of plasma tryptophan.
Animals↗
A tennis serve and upswing learning robot based on bi-directional theory.
We experimented on task-level robot learning based on bi-directional theory. The via-point representation was used for 'learning by watching'. In our previous work, we had a robot learn kendama (a Japanese game) in order to demonstrate a single simple task. Our approach can be applied to a wide variety of motor behavior. However, some difficulties still remain. In this paper, we address two problems: (1) how to attain a final goal of complex movement when it consists of a sequence of subgoals, and (2) how to adapt to changes in behavior and the environment. To examine how to solve these problems, we propose two methods: (1) selecting the proper via-points for a control variable for each subgoal, and (2) re-estimating the relation between the via-points and the task during learning without conducting extra trials. We adopted a tennis serve and a pendulum upswing for our complicated tasks.
Journal Article↗
A Kendama Learning Robot Based on Bi-directional Theory.
A general theory of movement-pattern perception based on bi-directional theory for sensory-motor integration can be used for motion capture and learning by watching in robotics. We demonstrate our methods using the game of Kendama, executed by the SARCOS Dextrous Slave Arm, which has a very similar kinematic structure to the human arm. Three ingredients have to be integrated for the successful execution of this task. The ingredients are (1) to extract via-points from a human movement trajectory using a forward-inverse relaxation model, (2) to treat via-points as a control variable while reconstructing the desired trajectory from all the via-points, and (3) to modify the via-points for successful execution. In order to test the validity of the via-point representation, we utilized a numerical model of the SARCOS arm, and examined the behavior of the system under several conditions. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Journal Article↗
The s-wave of the multifocal electroretinogram in cats.
PURPOSE: To characterize the s-wave of the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in cats, and to determine the contribution of the inner retina to the s-wave by examining the effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and N-methyl D: -aspartate (NMDA) injected into the vitreous cavity. METHODS: mfERGs were recorded from 15 eyes of 15 male cats under general anesthesia. The stimulus consisted of 37 elements, and the luminance of the bright and the black elements were 200 and 4 cd/m2, respectively. The stimuli were presented in a pseudorandom binary m-sequence at six different base periods (bpds) from 13.3 to 426.7 ms. Fifty microliters of 7.0 microM TTX followed by 50 microl of 4.0 mM NMDA were injected into the vitreous cavity. RESULTS: The shape of the mfERGs in the cats resembled that in humans. The s-wave appeared on the descending limb of P1, as seen in human mfERGs, in 11 eyes, and the s-wave amplitude increased significantly as the bpd was increased. TTX and NMDA resulted in the disappearance of the s-wave at all bpds, while the amplitude of P1 remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The s-wave is present in the mfERG in the cat, and its loss following injections of TTX and NMDA supports the view that the s-wave reflects the function of the ganglion cells and their axons.
Anesthetics, Local↗