Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Hiroyasu Iso

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroyasu Iso.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Frequency of food intake and estimated nutrient intake among men and women: the JACC Study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of food intake and estimated nutrient intake in the JACC study cohort. METHODS: The subjects were 46,465 men and 64,327 women aged 40-79 years who responded to the self-administered food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the dietary intake of major nutrients by multiplying the frequency of consumption of each food with each portion size, estimated from a validation study. RESULTS: Women reported to more likely consume vegetables, seaweed, fruits, sweets, oolong-tea, western-style-breakfast, and less likely to consume rice and miso-soup than men. Women reported less preference of salty foods and fatty foods than men. Compared with men, women had higher mean intakes of carotene and vitamin C, and lower intake of total energy, carbohydrate and sodium. The frequency of consumption of beef, chicken, dairy products, fresh fish, fish products, rice, and miso-soup increased with age in men, and that of vegetables, seaweed, beans, tofu, fruits, sweets, and green-tea increased with age in both sexes. Men aged 40-49 years had the lowest mean intake levels of crude fiber, calcium, iron, retinol, carotene, and vitamins A, C, and E. Women aged 40-49 years had the lowest mean intake levels of crude fiber, iron, and vitamins C. Women aged 70-79 years had the lowest mean intake levels of calcium, retinol, and vitamins A. CONCLUSIONS: Women had a more westernized dietary pattern than men. Elderly men had a mixture of unhealthy and healthy dietary patterns while elderly women generally had a healthier dietary pattern compared with younger persons.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Profile of the JACC study.

BACKGROUND: A large-scale population-based cohort study would offer the best evidence of a relation between lifestyle and cancer. METHODS: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) for Evaluation of Cancer Risk sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan (Monbusho) was established and carried out from 1988 to 1990 in 45 areas in Japan. Epidemiological information, such as demographic information, past medical history, exercise/sports activities engaged in, frequency of food intake, smoking and alcohol drinking status and so on, was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from each participant at screening in 37 out of 45 areas to investigate risk factors of cancer relating to biochemical substances in blood. Collected sera were divided into 3-5 tubes (100-500 microL per tube) and stored at -80 degrees C. Additionally, about 5 years after the baseline survey, an interim survey regarding lifestyle changes was conducted in 31 areas. We followed the study subjects for mortality, move-outs, and cancer incidence, if possible (in 24 areas). RESULTS: There were 127,477 participants (54,032 men and 73,445 women) registered in the study. Of these, 110,792 subjects (46,465 men and 64,327 women), aged 40 to 79 years at baseline, were eligible for follow-up. Sera were stocked from 39,242 subjects, and interim survey was carried out on 46,650 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The JACC Study provides useful evidence for cancer prevention in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Shiftwork locus of control, situational and behavioural effects on sleepiness and fatigue in shiftworkers.

A number of situational and behavioural individual differences moderate the impact of shift and night work. The aims of this study were to identify individual differences correlates of sleep and fatigue-related shiftwork outcomes and examine their potential relative causal impact. Power company shiftworkers completed a questionnaire that measured age/experience, number of dependents, shiftwork locus of control, morningness-eveningness, workload and sleep/health-related behaviours. Shiftwork sleep and fatigue outcome variables were also measured. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine predictive contributions of the individual difference variables and to generate path coefficients from situational and psychological predictors through behavioural variables to the outcome variables. Shiftwork-specific internality showed the most systematic significant causal relationships with sleep and fatigue outcomes. While not having as strong a direct causal influence on sleep and fatigue outcomes as internality, the other predictors did show more significant causal effects upon sleep-related behaviours than did internality. Behavioural variables made little contribution to the total causal effects of the predictors on the outcome variables. The results suggest control beliefs to be a moderating factor in shiftwork exposure and the potential utility of this construct in aiding more effective targeting of interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Modifying effects of perceived adaptation to shift work on health, wellbeing, and alertness on the job among nuclear power plant operators.

This study examined the relationship between perceived adaptation to shift work and shift-related problems. A total of 608 male operators at nuclear power plants completed a set of validated questionnaires including a modified version of the Standard Shiftwork Index, which covered adaptation to shift work, fit to job content, chronotypes, chronic fatigue, sleep, naps, shift work locus of control (SHLOC), psychological health, social/family life, daytime sleepiness, workload, alertness on the job, and lifestyle factors. Participants were divided into two groups according to their perceived level of adaptation to shift work. The good adaptation group showed better outcomes than the poor adaptation group in terms of fit to job content, chronic fatigue, daytime sleep before night shifts, social and family disruption, SHLOC, psychological health, and alertness during night shifts (ps<0.001). Operators who reported good adaptation also took a more frequent, longer nap and more cigarettes during night shifts (ps<0.05). The cross-sectional study design cannot determine a causal relationship between perceived adaptation and shift work problems, yet the present results suggest that the effects of working shifts may be modified by perceptions of shift work adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Screening for sleep-disordered breathing at workplaces.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a condition of repetitive episodes of decreased or arrested respiratory airflow during sleep. Many workers over the world remain undiagnosed and untreated for SDB, and leaving themselves at the high risk for accidents and cardiovascular disease. Since, the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport distributed the sleep apnea syndrome manual together with sending an official notice to relevant bodies in all over Japan in March, 2003, employees and employers are expected to co-operate to prevent SDB-related accidents at work. We have conducted several surveys using the pulse-oximetry to detect SDB in working populations and found the high prevalence of SDB among workers in Japan, as many as in the US and EU countries. The proper use of the result from the screening for SDB seems to be beneficial both to workers and employers by maintaining occupational safety and by preventing future development of cardiovascular disease.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

Randomized controlled trial for an effect of green tea consumption on insulin resistance and inflammation markers.

To study the effects of the intake of green tea and polyphenols, which are a component of green tea, on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, a randomized controlled trial was conducted on 66 patients aged 32-73 y (53 males and 13 females) with borderline diabetes or diabetes. Subjects in the intervention group were asked to take a packet of green tea extracts/powder containing 544 mg polyphenols (456 mg catechins) daily, which was a dose that could be taken without difficulty, and were asked to divide the green tea extracts/powder in a packet into 3 or 4 fractions dissolved in hot water everyday and to take a fraction after every meal or snack for 2 mo, in addition to daily food intake. The subjects in the control group were simply followed. To calculate the level of green tea polyphenol intake that the subject usually drank at home, the subject was asked to taste 3 teas of different strengths (1, 2 and 3%) and the tea that was closest to the one that the subject drank at home, was selected by each subject. After 2 mo, the mean daily polyphenol intake in the intervention group was 747 mg, which was significantly higher than that of 469 mg in the control group. In the intervention group, the body weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, blood glucose level, Hb A1c level, insulin level and HOMA index after taking the supplementation for 2 mo, were lower than the respective value before intervention: however, these parameters in the intervention group at 2 mo did not significantly differ from those in the control group. Within the intervention group, changes in insulin level tended to be associated with changes in polyphenol intake. In addition, changes in BMI were associated with changes in blood glucose level and insulin level. In conclusion, the daily supplementary intake of 500 mg green tea polyphenols did not have clear effects on blood glucose level, Hb A1c level, insulin resistance or inflammation markers. The positive correlation between the level of polyphenol intake and insulin level warrants further studies on the effect of green tea on insulin resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Development of a tool for assessment of local government health policy].

OBJECTIVE: A tool was developed for assessment of health status in communities to help formulate health policy of local governments and allow estimates of magnitude of changes in mortality with modification of selected risk variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 25,201 men and 51,776 women aged 40-69 years who underwent health checkups in Ibaraki-ken, Japan, in 1993 were followed through 2002. Risk ratios for all cause, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, all cancer, and lung cancer deaths were calculated according to smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and diabetes using a Cox proportional hazards model. Regression coefficients for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and plasma glucose were also calculated by the model with quadratic terms. On the basis of the results, we developed a tool using Microsoft EXCEL, allowing estimation of the magnitude of changes in death rates according to variation in mean and standard deviation values for risk factors by impact fraction. RESULTS: The developed tool facilitates estimation of magnitude of changes in death rates with alteration in exposure rates and means/standard deviations of risk variables with intervention. The best magnitude of decline for all cause mortality with a 50% reduction of exposure to smoking was 10% in men. The magnitudes of decline in cardiovascular disease mortality with a 50% reduction in hypertension were 12% in men and 11% in women. Furthermore, the magnitude of decline in cardiovascular disease mortality if a 10% lowering of mean systolic blood pressure were achieved would be 22% in men and 18% in women. CONCLUSIONS: Our developed tool may be useful to assess health status in communities with cooperation between municipal and prefectural governments.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque characteristics as a risk factor for stroke in Japanese elderly men.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few cohort studies have examined the association of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque characteristics with the risk of stroke in apparently healthy persons. We examined the relationship of carotid IMT and the surface, morphology, and calcification of carotid plaques with the incidence of stroke among Japanese men. METHODS: Carotid IMT and plaque were evaluated bilaterally with ultrasonography in 1289 men aged 60 to 74 years without a previous stroke or coronary heart disease. In this cohort, the subsequent incidence of stroke was investigated. RESULTS: During the 4.5-year follow-up, 34 strokes occurred. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of maximum IMT of the common carotid artery (CCA; > or =1.07 versus < or =0.77 mm) was 3.0 (1.1 to 8.3) for stroke. The combination of CCA and internal carotid artery (ICA) wall thickness was a better predictor of the risk of stroke than was CCA wall thickness alone. Men with a plaque, defined as a focal wall thickness of > or =1.5 mm, in the ICA had a 3-fold higher risk of stroke than those without a plaque, and the plaque surface irregularity further increased the stroke risk. A significant excess risk of stroke was confined to men with an uncalcified plaque. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IMT of the CCA and an uncalcified plaque in the ICA, as assessed by ultrasonography, are risk factors for stroke in elderly Japanese men.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Cigarette smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women.

For examination of sex- and age-specific relations between smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 39,528 nondiabetic men and 88,613 nondiabetic women aged 40-79 years who underwent health checkups in Ibaraki-ken, Japan, in 1993 were followed through 2002. Risk ratios for diabetes according to smoking habits were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Compared with never smokers, the risk ratio for diabetes among current smokers, after adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive mediation use, alcohol intake, parental history of diabetes, body mass index, fasting status, blood glucose concentration, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and log-transformed triglyceride level, was 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.38) in men and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.61) in women. The excess risk was more pronounced among men with a parental history of diabetes than among men without one. The excess risk among current smokers was observed in both age subgroups (40-59 and 60-79 years). Respective multivariate risk ratios for the age subgroups were 1.37 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.60) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.34) in men and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.79) and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.66) in women. Smoking was independently associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes among both middle-aged and elderly men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Serum total homocysteine concentrations and risk of stroke and its subtypes in Japanese.

BACKGROUND: To date, no prospective studies have examined the association between serum homocysteine levels and the risk of stroke and stroke subtypes in Asian populations. METHODS AND RESULTS: A prospective, nested, case-control study of Japanese subjects 40 to 85 years of age was conducted by using frozen serum samples from 11 846 participants in cardiovascular risk surveys collected from 1984 to 1995 for one community and 1989 to 1995 for the other two communities. By the end of 2000, we identified 150 incident strokes, the subtypes of which were confirmed by imaging studies. Three control subjects per case were selected by matching for sex, age, community, year of serum storage, and fasting status. Serum total homocysteine levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared with control subjects, total (n=150), hemorrhagic (n=52), and ischemic (n=98) strokes had higher geometric mean values of total homocysteine and higher proportions of homocysteine > or =11.0 micromol/L. The multivariate odds ratios (95% CI) for highest (> or =11.0 micromol/L) versus lowest quartiles (<7.0 micromol/L) of homocysteine after adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension, serum total cholesterol, and other cardiovascular risk factors were 2.99 (1.51 to 5.93) for total stroke, 3.89 (1.60 to 9.46) for ischemic stroke, 3.36 (1.27 to 8.90) for lacunar infarction, and 1.63 (0.44 to 6.00) for hemorrhagic stroke. The respective multivariate odds ratios associated with a 5-micromol/L increase in homocysteine were 1.40 (1.09 to 1.80), 1.52 (1.07 to 2.14), 1.48 (1.01 to 2.18), and 1.10 (0.76 to 1.59). The excess risk of total and ischemic strokes did not vary significantly according to sex, age, smoking status, or hypertensive status. CONCLUSIONS: High total homocysteine concentrations were associated with the increased risk of total stroke, more specifically ischemic stroke and lacunar infarction, among Japanese men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Cigarette smoking and risk of stroke and its subtypes among middle-aged Japanese men and women: the JPHC Study Cohort I.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We examined sex-specific relationships of smoking with risk of total stroke and stroke subtypes in Asian populations because of the limited data available. METHODS: A total of 19,782 men and 21,500 women aged 40 to 59 years who were free of prior diagnosis of stroke, coronary heart disease, or cancer and reported their smoking status were followed in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease (JPHC Study) from 1990 to 1992 to the end of 2001. RESULTS: During a 461,761 person-year follow-up, 702 total strokes were documented among men, of which 619 were confirmed by imaging studies, including 219 intraparenchymal hemorrhages, 73 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 327 ischemic strokes. The respective numbers of cases among women were 447, 411, 129, 106, and 176. Multivariate relative risks (95% CIs) for current smokers compared with never-smokers after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and public health center were 1.27 (1.05 to 1.54) for total stroke, 0.72 (0.49 to 1.07) for intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 3.60 (1.62 to 8.01) for subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 1.66 (1.25 to 2.20) for ischemic stroke. The respective multivariate relative risks among women were 1.98 (1.42 to 2.77), 1.53 (0.86 to 4.25), 2.70 (1.45 to 5.02), and 1.57 (0.86 to 2.87). There was a dose-response relation between the number of cigarettes smoked and risks of ischemic stroke for men. A similar positive association was observed between smoking and risks of lacunar infarction and large-artery occlusive infarction, but not embolic infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking raises risks of total stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage for both men and women and risk of ischemic stroke, either lacunar or large-artery occlusive infarction, for men.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke among middle-aged men: the JPHC Study Cohort I.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The impact of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on risk of stroke has not been well examined in a single study, although the effect is hypothesized to differ among stroke subtypes from meta-analyses. METHODS: A total of 19 544 men aged 40 to 59 years living in communities were followed-up from 1990 to 1992 to the end of 2001 in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study on Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease (JPHC Study). RESULTS: After 214 504 person-years of follow-up, 694 incident strokes were documented, of which 611 were confirmed by imaging studies or autopsy, including 219 intraparenchymal hemorrhages, 73 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 319 ischemic strokes. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with age-adjusted risk of total stroke with a 68% excess risk among drinkers of > or =450 g ethanol per week compared with occasional drinkers. This excess risk was confined primarily to hemorrhagic stroke, which remained statistically significant even after controlling for hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors (RR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.79). There was a lower risk of ischemic stroke, more specifically lacunar infarction, a higher risk of hemorrhagic stroke, and no excess risk of total stroke among drinkers of 1 to 149 g ethanol per week compared with occasional drinkers; the respective multivariate RR (95% CI) was 0.59 (0.37 to 0.93), 0.43 (0.22 to 0.87), 1.73 (0.98 to 3.07), and 0.98 (0.71 to 1.36). CONCLUSIONS: We found differential effects of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on risks of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes among middle-aged men. Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption, ie, < or =2 drinks per day, does not raise the risk of total stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Alpha-adducin G460W polymorphism, urinary sodium excretion, and blood pressure in community-based samples.

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence on the gene-environmental interaction among alpha-adducin G460W gene polymorphism, sodium intake, and blood pressure (BP) levels in a general population. One hypothesis is that the association between G460W polymorphism and BP is more evident among persons with higher sodium intake than those with lower sodium intake. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 2823 men and women aged 30 to 74 years in a Japanese rural community to examine the association of the alpha-adducin G460W polymorphism with BP levels stratified by salt intake, as estimated by 24-h urine collection and dietary questionnaire. RESULTS: There was no difference in systolic or diastolic BP levels among the GG, GW, and WW groups for women, but for men, mean systolic BP tended to be higher in the WW group than in the GG group. When we stratified men according to sodium excretion/intake, mean systolic BP was significantly higher in the WW group than in the GG group among men with higher urinary sodium excretion (138.8 v 133.6 mm Hg, P =.02) and tended to be higher among men with higher previous sodium intake. No genetic association was found among women or among men with lower urinary sodium excretion or lower sodium intake. CONCLUSIONS: The alpha-adducin WW genotype was associated with higher systolic BP among men with a higher sodium intake.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Urinary cyclic GMP excretion and blood pressure levels in a general population.

Dysfunction of the nitric oxide (NO) system is potentially involved in the development of hypertension, but only limited data are currently available from experimental or clinical studies. We investigated cross-sectionally the relation between urinary excretion of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP), a second messenger of NO, and hypertension in a general population sample of Japanese men and women. The samples comprised 1541 subjects (788 men and 753 women) aged 40-79 years who participated in cardiovascular risk surveys between 1997 and 2002 and underwent a 24h urine collection. Urinary excretion of cyclic GMP was measured using a 125I-labeled cyclic GMP radioimmunoassay, and was adjusted for urinary creatinine excretion (nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary cyclic GMP excretion was 66.0+/-62.0nmol/mmol creatinine (mean+/-S.D.). Compared with normal blood pressure individuals, the multivariate-adjusted mean value of urinary cyclic GMP excretion was significantly higher in people with moderate hypertension, but not higher in severe hypertension. Among subjects with hypertensive end-organ damage, we observed reduced urinary cyclic GMP excretion in severe hypertension and no increased excretion in moderate hypertension, compared with normal blood pressure. Although we had the limited number of subjects with severe hypertension (n=15), our data suggest that NO bioactivity may be increase in the early stage of hypertension but decreased in severe hypertension with end-organ damage.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence and correlates of carotid atherosclerosis among elderly Japanese men.

We determined intima-media thickness (IMT) and diameter of carotid artery and estimated their correlations with cardiovascular risk factors in 1129 men aged 60-74 years, who participated in a cardiovascular risk survey in three Japanese communities. The multivariate odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the maximum IMT > or = 1.1 mm in the common carotid artery (CCA) were 1.3 (1.1-1.5) per 4 years of age, 1.8 (1.4-2.5) for hypertension, 1.4 (1.2-1.7) for a 34.4 mg/dl increase in serum total cholesterol, 0.7 (0.6-0.8) for a 14.7 mg/dl increase in serum HDL-cholesterol, and 2.4 (1.1-5.0) for history of stroke, while the maximum IMT > or = 1.5mm in the internal carotid artery (ICA) were 1.6 (1.4-1.8) per 4 years of age, 1.9 (1.5-2.4) for hypertension, 1.6 (1.2-2.1) for current smoking, and 3.5 (1.6-7.6) for history of stroke. Age, height, hypertension, current smoking, ethanol intake and history of coronary heart disease were independent determinants of both the outer and inner CCA diameter. Maximum IMT correlated positively with the outer diameter and inversely with the inner diameter in the CCA. Carotid atherosclerosis suggests to be a risk factor for stroke among Japanese elderly men, although future prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.

Age Factors↗