Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Hiroshi Hagino

Publications and source records attributed to Hiroshi Hagino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Report on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association's 3-year project observing hip fractures at fixed-point hospitals.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the disability and mortality of hip fractures 1 year after initial visit (postoperatively) at fixed-point hospitals selected by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Committee on Osteoporosis. METHOD: A total of 158 core orthopedic hospitals were selected for participation in this research. Subjects were all aged 65 years and older with hip fractures at the selected hospitals between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2001. A prognostic survey of activities of daily living (ADL), assessed by the long-term care insurance criteria established by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan was performed 1 year after the initial visit. RESULTS: A total of 1992 hip fractures in patients aged 65 to 111 years were treated over the 3 years from 1999 to 2001. Among the 1992 patients, 4537 had femoral neck fractures and 6217 had trochanteric fractures. Surgical treatment was chosen for 85.6% of the femoral neck fractures and 88.2% of the trochanteric fractures. The mean duration from fracture to admission was 3.1 days, and the mean duration from admission to surgery was 11.2 days. The mean duration from surgery to discharge over the 3-year period was 49.8 days. Before hip fracture, the ratio of patients with J1 ("able to go out freely utilizing public transportation") or J2 ("able to visit immediate neighbors independently") on the long-term care insurance criteria was 50.9%. At 1 year after the initial visit, that result represented a decrease of 24.1 percentage points before hip fracture. A total of 70 patients died before undergoing surgery. In the present study, the 1-year mortality rate for the entire patient population over the 3-year period was 10.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Hip fracture patients show a decrease in the ADL score 1 year after the initial visit. Compared to other countries, the duration of hospitalization is longer in Japan, but the mortality rate is lower.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Effects of unipedal standing balance exercise on the prevention of falls and hip fracture among clinically defined high-risk elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the unipedal standing balance exercise for 1 min to prevent falls and hip fractures in high-risk elderly individuals with a randomized controlled trial. This control study was designed as a 6-month intervention trial. SUBJECTS: Subjects included 553 clinically defined high-risk adults who were living in residences or in the community. They were randomized to an exercise group and a control group. METHODS: Randomization to the subjects was performed by a table of random numbers. A unipedal standing balance exercise with open eyes was performed by standing on each leg for 1 min three times per day. As a rule, subjects of the exercise group stood on one leg without holding onto any support, but unstable subjects were permitted to hold onto a bar during the exercise time. Falls and hip fractures were reported by nurses, physical therapists, or facility staff with a survey sheet every month. This survey sheet was required every month for both groups. RESULTS: Registered subjects were 553 persons ranging in age from 37 to 102 years (average, 81.6 years of age). Twenty-six subjects dropped out. The number of falls and hip fractures for the 6-month period after the trial for 527 of the 553 subjects for whom related data were available were assessed. The exercise group comprised 315 subjects and the control group included 212 subjects. The cumulative number of falls of the exercise group, with 1 multiple faller omitted, was 118, and the control group recorded 121 falls. A significant intergroup difference was observed. However, the cumulative number of hip fractures was only 1 case in both groups. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The unipedal standing balance exercise is effective to prevent falls but was not shown to be statistically significant in the prevention of hip fracture in this study.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2006

[Treatment and management of severe osteoporosis].

Because there is an extremely high probability of new fractures occurring in cases in which there are pre-existing fractures, it is easy for such patients to develop severe osteoporosis. We therefore must correctly ascertain any existence of either vertebral or hip fractures. High values of bone resorption markers reflect the existence of microfractures, so it is necessary to be careful due to the high risk of new fractures. Kinesitherapy for severe osteoporosis focuses on therapeutic exercise, walking, balance drills, and so forth with the aim of maintaining muscular strength and thus preventing falls. For severe osteoporosis such as senile osteoporosis and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, bisphosphonates are currently the only medication that has been proven to be effective for preventing fractures. For the treatment of disuse osteoporosis stemming from paralysis, etc., the intravenous injection of bisphosphonates is able to suppress the decline in bone mass, but there is still very little evidence of its fracture prevention effect.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2006

[Epidemiology of hip fracture].

Age- and gender-specific numbers of patients with hip fracture increase with age and peaked at the age 80-84; however, age- and gender-specific incidences increase exponentially with age. According to the recent nation-wide survey, the most common cause of hip fractures was a simple fall, 68.8% sustained fractures in-doors, and the incidences were higher in the winter than the summer period. More than 90% of patients with hip fracture were treated surgically and about 3/4 of patients with femoral neck fractures were treated with hemi-arthroplasty. Hip fractures for Asian people including Japanese are lower than those for Caucasians living in Northern Europe and North America; however, recent reports from the Asian area indicated an increase in the incidence with time.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Increasing incidence of hip fracture in Tottori Prefecture, Japan: trend from 1986 to 2001.

We conducted a survey of all hip fractures in patients 35 years old and over during 1998-2001 in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, and compared them with those reported previously. The survey found 604, 671, 710, 729 patients, in 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. The mean age- and gender-specific incidences (per 100,000 person-years) for men were 108.0, 209.0, 449.1, and 780.0 in the age groups of 70-74, 75-79, 80-84 and over 84, respectively, and those for women were 249.1, 505.8, 1,115.4, and 2,066.4, respectively. The expected numbers of patients in 1998 were 1.23 and 1.42 times those in 1986, and those in 2001 were 1.61 and 1.48 times those in 1986, for men and women, respectively, and the increases with time for both genders were significant. It was concluded that there was a significant increase in the incidence rates of hip fracture from 1986 to 2001.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A new active vitamin D, ED-71, increases bone mass in osteoporotic patients under vitamin D supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

CONTEXT: ED-71 has been shown to increase lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in osteoporotic subjects. However, vitamin D insufficiency might have influenced the effect of ED-71 on BMD. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine whether ED-71 can increase BMD in osteoporotic patients under vitamin D supplementation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 219 osteoporotic patients (49-87 yr of age). INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo or 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 microg/d ED-71 for 12 months. All the subjects received 200 or 400 IU/d vitamin D(3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed changes in lumbar and hip BMD and bone turnover markers from baseline. RESULTS: Lumbar BMD increased with ED-71 treatment for 12 months (2.2, 2.6, and 3.1% from baseline and 2.9, 3.4, and 3.8% vs. placebo group in subjects receiving 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 microg ED-71, respectively). Total hip BMD also increased with 0.75 and 1.0 microg ED-71 (-0.8, 0.6, and 0.9% from baseline and 0.1, 1.5, and 1.8% vs. placebo group in the 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 microg ED-71 groups, respectively). Bone formation and resorption markers were suppressed by approximately 20% after 12 months of 0.75 and 1.0 microg ED-71 treatment. Transient hypercalcemia over 2.6 mmol/liter occurred in 7, 5, and 23% of subjects in the 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 microg ED-71 groups, respectively, but none of them developed sustained hypercalcemia. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that ED-71 treatment at around 0.75 microg/d can effectively and safely increase lumbar and hip BMD in osteoporotic patients with vitamin D supplementation.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

[Long-term bisphosphonate administration and its effect on bone metabolism].

Since bisphosphonates (BPs) suppress bone turnover, potential concerns regarding bone metabolism during long term BP administration have been raised. Now up to 10 years follow-up of clinical trials with data of bone metabolism are available. There was no adverse effect on bone metabolism with long term BP treatment, and increase in bone mineral density and reduction in fracture risk were retained.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of intermittent administration of human parathyroid hormone on bone mineral density and arthritis in rats with collagen-induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intermittent administration of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone mineral density (BMD) and arthritis in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS: Seven-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: rats without CIA (control), rats with CIA treated with vehicle, rats with CIA treated with PTH for 4 weeks, and rats with CIA treated with PTH for 6 weeks. PTH (20 mug/kg) was injected subcutaneously 3 times per week. BMD in the proximal metaphysis and the diaphysis of the tibia was measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography every 2 weeks until week 8. Eight weeks after initial sensitization, the animals were killed, and the BMD and mechanical properties of excised limbs were evaluated. Histomorphometric analysis of tibiae and histologic evaluation of arthritis were also performed. RESULTS: In the PTH-treated rats with CIA, the incidence and severity of arthritis were macroscopically and histologically similar to the findings in the vehicle-treated rats with CIA. The decrease of BMD caused by CIA was suppressed by treatment with human PTH, in a manner that was dependent on the duration of administration. In the histomorphometric analysis, bone formation parameters were higher and bone resorption parameters were lower in the PTH-treated arthritic rats compared with vehicle-treated arthritic rats. Mechanical properties were also maintained in the PTH-treated rats. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that, in an animal model of arthritis, intermittent PTH administration activates bone formation, resulting in increased BMD and preventing deterioration of mechanical properties. However, PTH has no effect on the arthritis itself.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Bone response to mechanical loading in adult rats with collagen-induced arthritis.

To elucidate the effects of inflammation on the response of bone to mechanical stress, we performed experiments using a rat with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Six-month-old female Wistar rats were used in the experiment. Bovine type II collagen sensitization and additional sensitization after 1 week were preformed in all CIA groups. Loads were applied using a four-point bending device. The right tibia was loaded in both CIA and control (CONT) groups at 35 N (low groups), 40 N (medium groups), or 47 N (high groups) for 36 cycles at 2 Hz three times per week for 3 weeks. Histomorphometrical data were collected from the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of the tibia in all rats. The tibia periosteal surface was subdivided into lateral and medial surfaces. Formation surface (FS), mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR) were calculated. At lateral surface of periosteal surface, all three parameters showed significant differences between the loaded and nonloaded tibiae. All these parameters were significantly lower in CIA groups than in CONT groups, and interaction was seen between applied loading and CIA. There was a significant correlation between peak strain and the right-left difference of FS in the CONT groups. At medial surface of periosteal surface, there were force-related increase in FS, MAR, and BFR on the loaded side in both CIA and CONT groups, except MAR in the CONT group. All three parameters showed significant differences between the loaded and nonloaded tibiae. At endocortical surface, force-related increase was observed only in FS on the loaded side in CONT groups, and FS was significantly higher on the loaded side than the nonloaded side. CIA lowered all three parameters significantly. We examined the response to mechanical loading on the tibia in untreated CONT rats and rats with CIA by bone histomorphometry, and found that arthritis suppressed bone formation induced by mechanical loading.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Role of KL-6 in evaluating the disease severity of rheumatoid lung disease: comparison with HRCT.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of KL-6 (Krebs von den Lungen-6) in evaluating the disease severity of pulmonary lesions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. METHODS: Fifty serum KL-6 levels and HRCT images were prospectively obtained from 47 RA patients. Eight HRCT findings were classified into five grades. Patients were also divided into two groups according to the KL-6 threshold level and HRCT findings were evaluated. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the serum KL-6 level and the total CT score (r = 0.83). Reticular opacity most closely related to the serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.84). In the high KL-6 group (n = 10), the average CTscore was markedly increased (64.6 points) and severe honeycombing expanded into the whole lung. One case revealed diffuse ground glass opacity. In 12 of 40 cases in the normal KL-6 group, CT scores mildly increased compared with the other cases (over 20 points). The predominant finding of these cases could be classified into four types: (1) narrow spread honeycombing; (2) subtle fibrosis; (3) airway diseases; and (4) dense consolidation. CONCLUSION: KL-6 is a useful marker to detect severe RA lung disease. It is also useful to distinguish non-fibrosis from fibrosis predominant cases. However, it sometimes could not detect early stage RA lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Falls and fractures in elderly people, and life style for their prevention].

Approximately 10-20% of elderly people living in the community fall each year. And 5-10% of fall incidents result in a fracture and 0-2% of them result in a hip fracture. Several risk factors of falling and fracture are clarified and many preventive intervention programmes based on these risk factors have been established and evaluated. In this paper, these risk factors are reviewed and a lifestyle for the prevention of falling and fracture is discussed.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2004

[Who are the candidates for the treatment by raloxifen ?].

There is evidence that raloxifene prevents vertebral fracture and it improves bone metabolism in patients with osteoporosis to the normal pre-menopausal level. Therefore, it is suitable to use for osteoporotic patients with adequate physical activity and those improvable by exercise. Patients who will be treated by anabolic agents are also good candidates for the treatment of raloxifene.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

[Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in clinical practice and its trouble spots in bone mineral measurement].

The technique of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement at present. BMD at PA spine should be measured for diagnosis of osteoporosis in all patients. If BMD at PA spine is inappropriate for the evaluation, proximal femur is selected for the measurement site. Various clinical issues pertained to this technique have been known. This paper reviewed clinical practice and trouble spots of BMD measurements at AP spine, proximal femur, and distal forearm.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

Intraspinal synovial cyst communicating with the C1-C2 facet joints and subarachnoid space associated with rheumatoid atlantoaxial instability.

STUDY DESIGN: The first case of intraspinal synovial cyst communicating with the C1-C2 facet joints and subarachnoid space associated with rheumatoid atlantoaxial instability is presented. OBJECTIVES: To describe the diagnosis and successful treatment of a synovial cyst of the C1-C2 junction in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial instability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intraspinal synovial cysts of the C1-C2 junction are extremely rare. Neither association with rheumatoid atlantoaxial instability nor communication with the C1-C2 facet joints and the subarachnoid space has been previously reported in a synovial cyst of the C1-C2 junction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and radiologic features of a 71-year-old woman with a symptomatic synovial cyst of the C1-C2 junction with rheumatoid atlantoaxial instability are detailed. Posterior atlantoaxial fusion alone was performed. RESULTS: Preoperative magnetic resonance images demonstrated a large cystic mass around the dens, compressing the spinal cord. The mass was of low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, was of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and was enhanced marginally with gadolinium-DTPA on T1-weighted images. Computed tomograms performed after myelography disclosed the cyst around the dens communicating with the subarachnoid space and the C1-C2 facet joints. Spontaneous regression of the cyst was identified on the magnetic resonance images 3 months after surgery. One year after surgery, myelopathic symptoms were improved. CONCLUSION: An intraspinal cyst communicating with the C1-C2 facet joints and subarachnoid space associated with rheumatoid atlantoaxial instability was reported. Computed tomograms after myelography were useful in delineating the relationships among the synovial cyst, facet joints, and the subarachnoid space. Spontaneous regression of the cyst and clinical improvement were achieved by C1-C2 posterior fusion alone.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Effect of minodronic acid (ONO-5920) on bone mineral density and arthritis in adult rats with collagen-induced arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of minodronic acid (ONO-5920) on bone loss and arthritis in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) treated according to 2 different schedules. METHODS: Four groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 months old) were studied: rats without CIA treated with vehicle (controls), CIA rats treated with vehicle (CIA-V), CIA rats treated therapeutically with minodronic acid (CIA-T), and CIA rats treated prophylactically with minodronic acid (CIA-P). Minodronic acid was administered orally at 0.2 mg/kg 3 times a week, beginning 2 weeks after initial sensitization in the CIA-T rats and beginning the day after initial sensitization in the CIA-P rats. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the proximal metaphysis and diaphysis of the tibia every 2 weeks until week 8, when the rats were killed. The BMD and bone microstructure of the excised femur were evaluated by dual x-ray absorptiometry and microfocal computed tomography, respectively. Histomorphometry of the proximal tibia was also performed. RESULTS: In CIA-P rats, the incidence of arthritis and the severity of posterior limb swelling were reduced early after sensitization, and the decrease in BMD was prevented throughout the observation period. Bone and joint destruction evaluated by radiography of the foot was reduced in CIA-P rats. The eroded surface was reduced and the microstructure was maintained in CIA-P rats compared with CIA-V rats. The mineral apposition and bone formation rates were not reduced in the CIA-P rats. In CIA-T rats, however, the inflammation was not suppressed and the inhibitory effect on bone loss was smaller than that in CIA-P rats. CONCLUSION: Minodronic acid suppressed the decrease in BMD and the deterioration of the bone microstructure caused by arthritis. Prophylactic administration of minodronic acid had a preventive effect on arthritis at the early stage, although not throughout the observation period.

Animals↗