Biomedical subjects

Haruko Shirato-Horikoshi

Publications and source records attributed to Haruko Shirato-Horikoshi.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Genetic and antigenic diversity among noroviruses.

Human norovirus (NoV) strains cause a considerable number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. Based on their capsid gene (VP1) sequence, human NoV strains can be grouped into two genogroups (GI and GII) and at least 14 GI and 17 GII genotypes (GI/1-14 and GII/1-17). Human NoV strains cannot be propagated in cell-culture systems, but expression of recombinant VP1 in insect cells results in the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs). In order to understand NoV antigenic relationships better, cross-reactivity among 26 different NoV VLPs was analysed. Phylogenetic analyses grouped these NoV strains into six GI and 12 GII genotypes. An antibody ELISA using polyclonal antisera raised against these VLPs was used to determine cross-reactivity. Antisera reacted strongly with homologous VLPs; however, a number of novel cross-reactivities among different genotypes was observed. For example, GI/11 antiserum showed a broad-range cross-reactivity, detecting two GI and 10 GII genotypes. Likewise, GII/1, GII/10 and GII/12 antisera showed a broad-range cross-reactivity, detecting several other distinct GII genotypes. Alignment of VP1 amino acid sequences suggested that these broad-range cross-reactivities were due to conserved amino acid residues located within the shell and/or P1-1 domains. However, unusual cross-reactivities among different GII/3 antisera were found, with the results indicating that both conserved amino acid residues and VP1 secondary structures influence antigenicity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2005

Expression and antigenicity of virus-like particles of norovirus and their application for detection of noroviruses in stool samples.

Human noroviruses (NoVs), members of the genus Norovirus in the family Caliciviridae, are the leading agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Human NoVs are currently divided into at least two genogroups, genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII), each of which contains at least 14 and 17 genotypes. To explore the genetic and antigenic relationship among NoVs, we expressed the capsid protein of four genetically distinct NoVs, the GI/3 Kashiwa645 virus, the GII/3 Sanbu809 virus, the GII/5 Ichikawa754 virus, and the GII/7 Osaka10-25 virus in baculovirus expression system. An antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with hyperimmune serum against the four recombinant capsid proteins and characterized previously three capsid proteins derived from GI/1, GI/4, and GII/12 was developed to detect the NoVs antigen in stools. The antigen ELISA was highly specific to the homotypic strains, allowing assignment of a strain to a Norovirus genetic cluster within a genogroup.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Norwalk virus].

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Caliciviridae Infections↗

PubMed2002

Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of 18 Norwalk-like viruses.

"Norwalk-like viruses" (NLV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, are the major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis and are genetically divided into two groups, genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII). We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of 10 new NLV strains. Using this information together with eight known NLV sequences, the criteria to further classify genotypes of NLV were investigated. Validation of the topological error based on the bootstrap value and the branch length (distance) allowed us to identify two potential subgenomic regions suitable for the genotyping. They were the putative 3D-like RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (polymerase) and the capsid N-terminal/Shell domains (capsid N/S domain). When the distance distribution analysis was performed, the polymerase-based classification did not separate the strains into internal clusters within the genogroup. Furthermore, a diversity plot analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of WUG1, a NLV GI strain, and Saitama U1, a NLV GII strain, indicated that the genotype was different between the polymerase and capsid N/S domain, suggesting that these strains are the genetic recombinants. Therefore, polymerase is not suitable for genotyping. On the other hand, the clustering based on the capsid N/S domain successfully distinguished the NLV as well as the grouping based on the antigenicity, as determined by both antigen and antibody ELISAs with recombinant virus-like particles. As the nucleotide sequences of the primers for the capsid N/S domain are highly conserved among the NLV, the amplification of the unknown genotype can be easily performed. This method will facilitate global surveying as well as epidemiologic study on NLV.

Adult↗