Biomedical subjects

Haresh Mani

Publications and source records attributed to Haresh Mani.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

The morphologic spectrum of infantile lobar emphysema: a study of 33 cases.

Infantile lobar emphysema (ILE) is a relatively uncommon entity characterised by radiologic pulmonary lobar overinflation. The spectrum of underlying pathology in ILE has not been previously detailed. We have reviewed thirty-three cases of ILE accessioned to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C., since 1970. Seventeen (51.5%) presented in the first week of life, 27 (81.8%) presented within the first six months, and an additional six cases presented beyond six months including three beyond 18 months of age. Upper lobe involvement occurred in 96.9% cases and multiple lobes were involved in six cases. Nine infants had polyalveolar (hyperplastic) lobes determined on the basis of radial alveolar counts (RACs), while 21 were considered to be "classic ILE" since these showed lobar hyperexpansion without any other abnormality. RACs in infants with classic ILE remained fairly constant irrespective of age unlike a progressive increase seen in normal age-matched controls, suggesting a post-partum arrest of acinar development in ILE. Additional findings included serpiginous bronchioles resembling those seen in extralobar sequestration in two cases, bronchopulmonary dysplasia in two cases, and one case each showing "cystic alveoli" and peripheral subpleural cysts. ILE thus seems to be a composite of various pathologies resulting in a single clinical entity. We hypothesise that the timing of an inciting functional or anatomic bronchial obstruction during in-utero lung development determines morphologic variation in ILE.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Early onset of virus infection and up-regulation of cytokines in mice treated with cadmium and manganese.

A substantial database indicates that a large number of environmental pollutants, chemicals and therapeutic agents to which organisms are exposed cause immunotoxicity. The suppression of immune functions may cause increased susceptibility of the host to a variety of microbial pathogens potentially resulting in a life-threatening state. Evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of chemical xenobiotics is of great concern and, therefore, we have investigated the impact of exposure of inorganic metals, specifically cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) on Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV) infection. Pretreatment with a single, oral dose of Cd or Mn increased the susceptibility of mice to a sub-lethal infection of these viruses as observed by increased severity of symptoms and mortality compared to untreated controls. An early onset of virus infection was found in brains of Cd and Mn treated animals. Histopathological observations of the brain indicate evidence of inflammation and greater tissue pathology in Cd-or Mn-exposed mice compared to control animals. Meningitis and vascular congestion was seen in virus infected mice in all the metal treated groups, and further, the perivascular inflammation appeared earlier in treated mice compared to control. Encephalitis was maximum in Cd pretreated mice. Widespread environmental contamination of metals and the potential for their exposure and subsequent infection of humans or animals is indicative that further studies of these and all other metals are important to understand the effect of environmental pollution on human health.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

GEWF solution.

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Acetic Acid↗

PubMed2002

Curcumin differentially regulates TGF-beta1, its receptors and nitric oxide synthase during impaired wound healing.

Wound healing is a highly ordered process, requiring complex and coordinated interactions involving peptide growth factors of which transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is one of the most important. Nitric oxide is also an important factor in healing and its production is regulated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We have earlier shown that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural product obtained from the plant Curcuma longa, enhances cutaneous wound healing in normal and diabetic rats. In this study, we have investigated the effect of curcumin treatment by topical application in dexamethasone-impaired cutaneous healing in a full thickness punch wound model in rats. We assessed healing in terms of histology, morphometry, and collagenization on the fourth and seventh days post-wounding and analyzed the regulation of TGF-beta1, its receptors type I (tIrc) and type II (tIIrc) and iNOS. Curcumin significantly accelerated healing of wounds with or without dexamethasone treatment as revealed by a reduction in the wound width and gap length compared to controls. Curcumin treatment resulted in the enhanced expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta tIIrc in both normal and impaired healing wounds as revealed by immunohistochemistry. Macrophages in the wound bed showed an enhanced expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in curcumin treated wounds as evidenced by in situ hybridization. However, enhanced expression of TGF-beta tIrc by curcumin treatment observed only in dexamethasone-impaired wounds at the 7th day post-wounding. iNOS levels were increased following curcumin treatment in unimpaired wounds, but not so in the dexamethasone-impaired wounds. The study indicates an enhancement in dexamethasone impaired wound repair by topical curcumin and its differential regulatory effect on TGF-beta1, it's receptors and iNOS in this cutaneous wound-healing model.

Activin Receptors, Type I↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Daily interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C: a report of a community practice experience.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic hepatitis C is widely prevalent and is the commonest indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Standard treatment with interferon-alpha at 3 million units (MU) three times a week for 6-12 months has yielded poor results. The addition of ribavirin has not significantly increased response rates, and at the same time has been associated with both new and enhanced complications. METHODOLOGY: We have used daily interferon-alpha at a dose of 5 MU for at least six months to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C in a community-based practice for the last five years. Treatment virologic response was defined as three consecutive monthly negative HCV-RNA results by RT-PCR. Following this, treatment was continued for an additional six months with a 'maintenance' dose of 2.5-5 MU interferon daily with intent to achieve a sustained response defined as HCV-RNA negativity six months after stopping maintenance therapy. A retrospective analysis of this experience is presented. RESULTS: Forty-two consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated. Eight (19%) discontinued treatment prematurely. Twenty-eight of the remaining 34 patients who completed treatment cleared the virus, yielding an end of treatment virologic response rate of 66.6%, based on the intent-to-treat principle. A sustained response was achieved in 15 (35.7%). Statistical analyses revealed maintenance therapy to be the significant variable associated with high sustained response in those patients who completed six months of maintenance therapy did significantly better (sustained response--72.7%) than those who discontinued maintenance therapy (sustained response--50%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High pre-treatment viral loads and normal pre-treatment serum ALT levels did not adversely affect outcomes. Thus, daily therapy at 5 MU interferon until three negative monthly HCV-RNA results are obtained, followed by an additional six months of maintenance therapy yields high end of treatment and sustained response rates. Unlike most studies in the literature these excellent results were achievable in a community-based practice.

Adult↗