Biomedical subjects

Han Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Han Zhang.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Sectional neuroanatomy of the face.

Needle electromyography and the injection procedures of the face are difficult because of the small size and close anatomic relations of the facial structures. Local injections of the face have increased in frequency since the introduction of botulinum toxin. This article intends to provide anatomically accurate schematics of innervation of the muscles of facial expression that can be used to interpret magnetic resonance images of the muscles and nerves. Cross-sectional schematics of the face were drawn as they appear in imaging projections. The relevant cranial and spinal nerves were color coded. The muscles and skin surfaces were labeled and assigned the color of the appropriate nerves. An organized comprehensive map of the motor innervation of the face allows the physician to increase the accuracy and efficacy of interventional procedures. This could also assist the electromyographer in correlating the clinical and electrophysiologic findings with magnetic resonance images.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sectional neuroanatomy of the upper thoracic spine and chest.

This is the second in a series of articles on the spine. The first reviewed the anatomy of the neck. Subsequent articles are planned to cover the anatomy of the middle and lower thoracic spine. Procedures and trauma of the upper thoracic spine and chest are fraught with potentially serious complications. Hemothorax, pneumothorax, nerve damage, pulmonary collapse, and thoracic aortic aneurysm are included in the list. This article provides anatomically accurate schematics of innervation of the upper thoracic chest and spine that can be used to interpret magnetic resonance images of the muscles and nerves. Cross-sectional schematics of the upper chest and spine were drawn as they appear in imaging projections. The relevant nerves were color coded. The muscles and skin surfaces were labeled and assigned the color of the appropriate nerves. An organized comprehensive map of the motor innervation of the upper chest and spine allows the physician to increase the accuracy and efficacy of interventional procedures. This could also assist the electromyographer in correlating the clinical and electrophysiologic findings with magnetic resonance images.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sectional neuroanatomy of the middle thoracic spine (t5-t8) and chest.

This is the third in a series of articles on the spine. The first reviewed the anatomy of the neck. The second reviewed the upper thoracic spine and chest (T1-T4). A fourth article is planned for the lower thoracic spine. Procedures in the midthoracic spine include chest tube placement, trigger point injections, chemodenervation with botulinum toxin, video-assisted thoroscopic surgery, and spinal injections. Complications include pneumothorax, hemothorax, diaphragmatic irritation, sympathetic trunk irritation, postthoracotomy pain, and intradural abscesses. This article provides anatomically accurate schematics of innervations of the middle thoracic chest and spine (T5-T8) that can be used to interpret magnetic resonance images of the muscles and nerves. Cross-sectional schematics of the middle thoracic chest and spine were drawn as they appear on imaging projections. The relevant nerves were color coded. The muscles and skin surfaces were labeled and assigned the color of the appropriate nerves. An organized comprehensive map of the motor innervation of the middle thoracic chest and spine allows the physician to increase the accuracy and efficacy of interventional procedures. This could also assist the electromyographer in correlating the clinical and electrophysiologic findings with magnetic resonance images.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of contacts among sensory, motor, and serotonergic neurons in the pedal ganglion of aplysia.

Present models of long-term sensitization in Aplysia californica indicate that the enhanced behavioral response is due, at least in part, to outgrowth of sensory neurons mediating defensive withdrawal reflexes. Presumably, this outgrowth strengthens pre-existing connections by formation of new synapses with follower neurons. However, the relationship between the number of sensorimotor contacts and the physiological strength of the connection has never been examined in intact ganglia. As a first step in addressing this issue, we used confocal microscopy to examine sites of contact between sensory and motor neurons in naive animals. Our results revealed relatively few contacts between physiologically connected cells. In addition, the number of contact sites was proportional to the amplitude of the EPSP elicited in the follower motor neuron by direct stimulation of the sensory neuron. This is the first time such a correlation has been observed in the central nervous system. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter most closely examined for its role in modulating synaptic strength at the sensorimotor synapse. However, the structural relationship of serotonergic processes and sensorimotor synapses has never been examined. Surprisingly, serotonergic processes usually made contact with sensory and motor neurons at sites located relatively distant from the sensorimotor synapse. This result implies that heterosynaptic regulation is due to nondirected release of serotonin into the neuropil.

Animals↗