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Biomedical subjects

H Ziegler

Publications and source records attributed to H Ziegler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Combining a name algorithm with a capture-recapture method to retrieve cases of Turkish descent from a German population-based cancer registry.

An increasing proportion of the 2 million Turkish residents in Germany is reaching the age in which cancer becomes a common health problem. However, data on cancer incidence and survival among Turkish residents are lacking due to incomplete reporting of nationality in German cancer registries. In the population-based cancer registry of the Saarland, retrieval by reported nationality yielded only 38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31-45%) of the estimated number of Turkish cases in the registry; furthermore, nationality information was found to be inaccurate, and completeness dependent on the vital status of cases. A newly developed algorithm based on family names retrieved 85% (95% CI: 79-90%) of Turkish cases. Combining the two sources in a capture-recapture approach yielded 91% (95% CI: 86-94%) of the estimated total number of Turkish cases. Hence, the name-based algorithm provides a new and attractive tool for valid registry-based cancer research among Turks in Germany.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

Trends in survival of patients with ovarian cancer in Saarland, Germany, 1976-1995.

PURPOSE: We aimed to monitor recent progress in survival of patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS: We assessed trends in survival in 1976-1995 among patients notified to the population-based cancer registry of Saarland, Germany, with a first diagnosis of ovarian cancer below the age of 80 years. A new statistical methodology was applied that allows the most timely detection of changes in survival rates. RESULTS: There was a dramatic, ongoing increase in 5-year relative survival rates from 36.6% in 1976-1980 to 60.1% in 1991-1995 among patients whose cancer was detected below the age of 55 years, and from 23.7% to 42.9% in patients aged 55-64 years at the time of diagnosis. No such improvement was seen among older patients, who continued to have a very poor prognosis. Therefore, the variation of prognosis with age was strongly increasing over time. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of prognosis in younger patients most likely reflects the benefits of more aggressive surgery and chemotherapy in these age groups. Efforts should be made to overcome obstacles to more successful therapy for older patients.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

Cytomegaloviral control of MHC class I function in the mouse.

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) represent prototypic viruses of the beta-subgroup of herpesviruses. Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infects mice as its natural host. Among viruses, CMVs have evolved the most extensive genetic repertoire to subvert MHC class I functions. To date three MCMV proteins have been identified which affect MHC I complexes. They are encoded by members of large virus-specific gene families located at either flanking region of the 235 kb MCMV genome. The MHC I subversive genes belong to the early class of genes and code for type I transmembrane glycoproteins. The m152-encoded 37/40 kDa glycoprotein interacts with MHC I transiently and retains class I complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi intermediate compartment on its journey to the endolysosome. In contrast, the m06-encoded glycoprotein of 48 kDa complexes tightly with ternary MHC class I molecules in the FR. Due to sorting signals in its cytoplasmic tail, gp48 redirects MHC I to endolysosomal compartments for proteolytic destruction. Likewise, the 34 kDa glycoprotein encoded by m04 binds tightly to MHC class I complexes in the ER but the gp34/MHC I complex reaches the plasma membrane. The CD8+ T-cell-dependent attenuation of a m152 deletion mutant virus proves for the first time that inhibition of antigen presentation is indeed essential for the biological fitness of CMVs in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A plant's dilemma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed1998

Recent improvement in survival of breast cancer patients in Saarland, Germany.

A new method for more timely monitoring of cancer patient survival was employed to assess progress in 5-year survival of breast cancer patients in Saarland, Germany, between 1980-84 and 1990-94. Five-year relative survival gradually increased from 68.8% to 73.5%. Improvements were most pronounced among age groups 50-59 and 60-69. The latter had the highest 5-year relative survival (77.1%) in 1990-94.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Herpes gestationis--oral corticosteroids cannot be avoided].

An immunpathologically proven gestational herpes case is presented. Herpes gestationis may begin at any stage of pregnancy but it is usually seen during the second trimester. As a rule oral prednisolone therapy is required. We report on a patient who initially insisted on local therapy only. However this local treatment with steroids proved to be insufficient.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Cloning and mutagenesis of a herpesvirus genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome.

A strategy for cloning and mutagenesis of an infectious herpesvirus genome is described. The mouse cytomegalovirus genome was cloned and maintained as a 230 kb bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) in E. coli. Transfection of the BAC plasmid into eukaryotic cells led to a productive virus infection. The feasibility to introduce targeted mutations into the BAC cloned virus genome was shown by mutation of the immediate-early 1 gene and generation of a mutant virus. Thus, the complete construction of a mutant herpesvirus genome can now be carried out in a controlled manner prior to the reconstitution of infectious progeny. The described approach should be generally applicable to the mutagenesis of genomes of other large DNA viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

EMD 68843, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor with selective presynaptic 5-HT1A receptor agonistic properties.

The 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT; 0.55 mg/kg s.c.) and the 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin) reuptake inhibitor/5-HT1A receptor ligand 5-[4-[4-(5-cyano-3-indolyl)-butyl]-1-piperazinyl]-benzofuran-2-carbox ami de (EMD 68843; 55 mg/kg p.o.) inhibited ultrasonic vocalization in rats, an effect which was antagonized by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-ethyl]-N-(2-pyridyl)- cyclohexancarboxamide (WAY 100635; 1.0 mg/kg s.c.). 8-OH-DPAT decreased body temperature in rats, an effect which was also antagonized by WAY 100635, whereas EMD 68843 neither affected body temperature by itself nor interacted with 8-OH-DPAT or WAY 100635. The selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (100 mg/kg p.o.) had no effect on ultrasonic vocalization or body temperature. Therefore EMD 68843 is suggested to be a 5-HT1A receptor agonist selective for presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A mouse cytomegalovirus glycoprotein retains MHC class I complexes in the ERGIC/cis-Golgi compartments.

The principle by which mouse cytomegalovirus blocks antigen presentation in the MHC class I pathway was investigated. The responsible gene m152, encoding a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of 40 kDa, is a member of a gene family located in the right-hand terminal region of the 230 kb virus genome. Expression of m152 in murine and human cells arrested the export of mouse class I complexes from the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment/cis-Golgi compartment and inhibited lysis by cytotoxic T cells. The plasma membrane transport of human MHC class I molecules was not affected. The deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of gp40 did not lift its effect on class I molecule export, indicating that this protein differs in its functions from known immunosubversive viral gene products and represents a novel principle by which a herpesvirus shuts off MHC class I function.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1997

[Orthopedic hippotherapy in postoperative rehabilitation of lumbar intervertebral disk patients. A prospective, randomized therapy study].

In a prospectively randomized therapy study the influence of a new therapeutical approach, called "Orthopedic Horseback-Riding-Therapy (OHRT)", was evaluated on the postoperative rehabilitation after lumbal discectomie in 16 patients against an identical numbered control group. In comparison with the reference group the utilization of OHRT not only produced an improvement in the patients' self evaluation of their postoperative condition (McNab Score). Also a significant reduction of postoperative work disablement could be achieved. Compared with the reference group influences of previously detected negative psychic predictors (Hs and Hy scales of MMPI) could be reduced. Thus the OHRT is a serious therapy concept in postoperative treatment of patients with lumbal disc herniation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Orthopedic hippotherapy--new methods in treatment of segmental instabilities of the lumbar spine].

The orthopedic hippotherapy represents a new form of therapeutic exercise in the conservative treatment of segmental instabilities in the lumbar spine region. This kind of therapy works on the principle of conveying to the patient the three-dimensional swinging motion of the horse's back. The patient reacts to these movement impulses by moving up and down (vertical movement of the spine), back and forth (sagittal movement) and to the right and the left (horizontal movement). The small movements of the spine thus produced bring about a mobilization of the segments involved in movement and therefore eliminate articular hypomobilities. Moreover, the short monosegmental muscles of the back are subjected to an excentric training which leads to a muscular stabilization of segmental hypermobilities. Due to the varying pressure load during the riding exercise the trophic conditions of the active and passive structures of the spine are improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

5-HT1A receptors are not involved in clozapine's lack of cataleptogenic potential.

Clozapine and 8-OH-DPAT antagonized haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats (ED50 10 and 0.1 mg/kg s.c., respectively). Whereas the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (0.1 mg/kg s.c.) completely antagonized the inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT, clozapine's effect was not affected. On the other hand, clozapine and 8-OH-DPAT inhibited ultrasonic vocalization in rats (ED50 0.7 and 0.03 mg/kg s.c., respectively), which effects were antagonized by WAY 100635. The lack of catalepsy of clozapine, therefore, cannot be addressed primarily to clozapine's agonistic activity at 5-HT1A receptors.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1995

Estimating completeness of cancer registration: an empirical evaluation of the two source capture-recapture approach in Germany.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: In recent years, capture-recapture methods have become increasingly popular in estimating completeness of disease registries. This study aimed to assess the performance of the two source capture-recapture method in estimating the completeness of cancer registration. DESIGN: The study was conducted in the population based cancer registry of Saarland, Germany, for which there are three main sources of notifications: reports by clinicians and pathologists, and death certificates. For groups of cases notified by one of the three sources, known completeness of registration by the other two sources was compared with the corresponding two source capture-recapture estimates. PATIENTS: A total of 16,020 patients notified to the cancer registry in 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1985 were included in the analysis. MAIN RESULTS: There was a tendency towards underestimation of completeness of notifications from pathologists and death certificates for patients notified by clinicians which was essentially confined to the older age groups. In contrast, capture-recapture methods tended to overestimate completeness of notifications from clinicians and death certificates for patients notified by pathologists. This overestimation was observed consistently in all age groups and for all of the most common cancer sites. Nevertheless, deviations of estimated completeness from known completeness were generally small or moderate. Agreement between estimated and known completeness was closest for patients notified by death certificates, although completeness was somewhat underestimated in patients above age 75. The observed patterns are in agreement with knowledge on clinical aspects and clinical management of cancer patients and with the circumstances of cancer registration in Saarland. CONCLUSIONS: Careful application of capture-recapture methods may provide an alternative to traditional approaches for estimating completeness of cancer registration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries.

The incidence of testicular cancer was examined in the Nordic and Baltic countries, Poland and Germany by collaboration among 10 cancer registries. Population-based registers were used to analyze a total of 34,309 cases, diagnosed from the start of registration (varying from 1943 in Denmark to 1980 in Latvia and Lithuania) through 1989. An approximately 10-fold geographical variation was found in 1980, with the highest age-standardized incidence rate (7.8 per 10(5); world standard population) in Denmark and the lowest (0.9) in Lithuania. During the entire period of registration, incidence increased rapidly in all countries, by 2.3 to 3.4 per cent annually in the Nordic countries and by about 5 per cent in Poland and Germany; there was some evidence of a slower increase in Denmark and Poland after 1975. The rising trend was more pronounced for ages below 30. The age-specific incidence peaked in all countries at ages 25 to 34, but the geographical variation was considerable. Our data indicate that environmental influences on testicular cancer are strong. Exposure to causal factors mostly takes place early in life, shows substantial geographical variation, and increases over time, so that the age-standardized incidence doubles every 15 to 25 years. New aetiological hypotheses are needed to accommodate these salient features of the descriptive epidemiology, since risk factors considered so far cannot explain the observed pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Pharmacological profile of selective muscarinic receptor antagonists on guinea-pig ileal smooth muscle.

The present study examined the effects of a series of tricyclic muscarinic receptor antagonists on muscarinic receptors present in the guinea-pig ileum, both in vitro and in vivo. The selectivity profiles of these antagonists and that of atropine were determined by their affinity for cortical muscarinic M1, cardiac M2 and submandibular M3 receptors and for m4 receptors expressed in CHO cells. The compounds pirenzepine, UH-AH 37, AQ-RA 391 and AQ-RA 618 possessed high affinity (pKi 7.94-8.22) for muscarinic M1 receptors. Pirenzepine exhibited the most pronounced muscarinic M1 selectivity. AF-DX 384 and AQ-RA 741 possessed an approximately 10-fold higher affinity for the cardiac muscarinic M2 receptor than AF-DX 116. However, both compounds also exhibited high affinity for muscarinic m4 receptors. High affinity for muscarinic M3 and m4 receptors was observed for UH-AH 37, AQ-RA 391 and AQ-RA 681. The antagonists were then tested for their interaction with the muscarinic receptors which are responsible for the methacholine-induced contraction of longitudinal muscle in vitro, circular muscle in vivo and muscarinic receptors which mediate the distension-evoked ascending reflex contraction of circular muscle in vitro. Compounds showing high affinity for muscarinic M3 receptors (e.g. AQ-RA 618) were the most potent antagonists in the functional experiments. Comparison of the binding displacement data with the functional results indicates that the effects of methacholine on the longitudinal and circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum were predominantly mediated by muscarinic M3-type receptors. In contrast, the correlation between muscarinic M2 receptor affinity and antagonism of muscarinic receptors in the ileum was very weak.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Estimating completeness of cancer registration in Saarland/Germany with capture-recapture methods.

Completeness of population-based cancer registration has been most commonly quantified by indirect measures, such as the death certificate only index or the mortality/incidence ratio. A major disadvantage of these measures is their strong dependence on the case fatality rate. Capture-recapture methodology offers an approach to estimate completeness directly which does not share this limitation. In this paper, a three-sources modelling approach is employed to derive estimates of completeness for the population-based cancer registry of Saarland. Overall, completeness is found to be high: estimates for all types of cancer range from 95.5 to 96.9% for calendar years 1970, 1975, 1980 and 1985. There is some variation with age (consistently high levels above age 30 years, a minimum of 87.7% in age group 15-29 years) and between cancer sites. Among the most common cancer sites, estimates of completeness are highest for gastrointestinal cancers (97.2%) and breast cancer (97.1%), while lower estimates of completeness are derived for cancers of the female genital organs (92.5%), the urinary tract (91.8%) and the prostate (91.0%). Although capture-recapture estimates are sensitive to the underlying assumptions about dependence between sources, careful application is encouraged to supplement traditional methods for evaluating completeness of cancer registration.

Adolescent↗