Humoral and cellular immunogenecity of DNA vaccine based on hepatitis B core gene in rhesus monkeys.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Zhuang
Publications and source records attributed to H Zhuang.
The promising role of 18F-FDG PET in detecting infected lower limb prosthesis implants.
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using 18F-FDG and PET for the detection of infection associated with lower limb arthroplasty. METHODS: Seventy-four prostheses in 62 patients in whom infection was suspected after artificial hip or knee placement were studied with this technique. Images were obtained 60 min after an intravenous injection of FDG. The images were interpreted as positive for infection if tracer uptake was increased at the bone-prosthesis interface. A final diagnosis was made by surgical exploration or clinical follow-up for 1 y. PET results were compared with the follow-up outcome in all patients. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET for detecting infection associated with knee prostheses were 90.9%, 72.0%, and 77.8%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PET for detecting infection associated with hip prostheses were 90%, 89.3%, and 89.5%, respectively. Overall, the sensitivity was 90.5% and the specificity was 81.1% for detection of lower limb infections. CONCLUSION: FDG PET is a useful imaging modality for detecting infections associated with lower limb arthroplasty and is more accurate for detecting infections associated with hip prostheses than for detecting infections associated with knee prostheses.
Adult↗
Dual time point 18F-FDG PET imaging for differentiating malignant from inflammatory processes.
UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the rates of FDG uptake between malignant and inflammatory cells and processes. METHODS IN VITRO STUDIES: (18)F-FDG uptake by different tumor cell lines (human mesothelioma [REN]; rat mesothelioma [II45]; mice melanoma [B18F10]; mice mesothelioma [AB12]; human myeloma [GM1500]; and human ovarian cancer [SKOV3]) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 8 healthy human volunteers was measured 20 and 60 min after FDG was added into growth medium. Animal studies: II45 cells were implanted into the left flank of rats (n = 5) and a focal inflammatory reaction (mechanical irritation) was generated in the right flank. PET images at 45 and 90 min after injection of FDG were obtained and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were determined. Patient studies: Seventy-six patients who had dual time FDG PET scans were retrospectively analyzed. All results were expressed as the percentage change in SUV of the later time image from that of the earlier time (mean +/- SD). RESULTS IN VITRO STUDIES: Except for the SKOV3 cell line, which had only minimally increased FDG uptake (+10% +/- 26%; P > 0.3), all other tumor cell lines tested showed significantly increased FDG uptake over time (GM1500, +59% +/- 19%; B18F10, +81% +/- 15%; AB12, 93% +/- 21%; II45, +161% +/- 21%; REN, +198% +/- 48%; P < 0.01 for all). By contrast, FDG uptake in mononuclear cells was decreased in 7 of 8 donors. Animal studies: SUVs of tumors from 90-min images were significantly higher than those from 45-min images (+18% +/- 8%; P < 0.01), whereas the SUVs of inflammatory lesions decreased over time (-17% +/- 13% of the early images; P < 0.05). CLINICAL STUDIES: The SUVs of delayed images from the known malignant lesions compared with those of earlier scans increased over time (+19.18% +/- 9.58%; n = 31; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 15.8%-22.6%). By contrast, the SUVs of benign lung nodules decreased slightly over time (-6.3% +/- 8.1%; n = 12; P < 0.05; 95% confidence interval, -10.9% to -1.7%). The SUV of inflammatory lesions caused by radiation therapy (+1.16% +/- 7.23%; n = 8; P > 0.05; 95% confidence interval, -3.9%-6.2%) and the lesions of painful lower limb prostheses (+4.03% +/- 11.32%; n = 25; P > 0.05; 95% confidence interval, -0.4%-8.5%) remained stable over time. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data show that dual time imaging appears to be useful in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions. Further research is necessary to confirm these results.
Aged↗
[Development of a diagnostic kit of enzyme-linked immunoassay for detecting serum anti-hepatitis E virus IgG].
OBJECTIVE: To develop a diagnostic kit for detecting serum anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG with enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). METHODS: The diagnostic kit of detecting anti-HEV IgG with ELISA was prepared by two synthetic HEV peptides used for coating the solid-phase to capture the antibody against HEV in serum, and then by horseradish peroxidase antihuman IgG (gamma chain) added as the second antibody to bind the anti-HEV IgG in serum. Its sensitivity, specificity, precision and stability were measured and clinically evaluated. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and precision of the diagnostic kit detected by the China National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products were 90% (1/10), 100% (0/30) and < 15%, respectively, meeting the national standards for detecting serum anti-HEV IgG with ELISA. The ELISA Kit is stable for 1 year at least under 4 degrees C. The total consistency rates were 100% (43/43) and 96.6% (86/89), as compared with Genelabs and Singaporean DBL kits. This diagnostic kit for detecting serum anti-HEV IgG with ELISA was evaluated and approved by the State Drug Administration, China and a certificate was conferred in 1998. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic kit for detecting anti-HEV IgG with ELISA can be used for epidemiological studies and clinical diagnosis of HEV infection.
Antibodies, Viral↗
[Study on hepatitis C virus genotyping in some parts of China].
OBJECTIVE: To study the genotypes of hepatitis C virus in some parts of China. METHODS: Twenty-seven sera of plasma donors from Guan county of Hebei province, Zhoukou district of Henan province, and 36 patients with chronic hepatitis C from Beijing and Qingdao cities were tested for HCV RNA by Amplicor PCR kit. Thirty-six of 38 HCV RNA positive sera were further genotyped, using INNO-LiP A HCV II kit. RESULTS: The HCV RNA positive rates of plasma donors and patients with chronic hepatitis C were 48.15% (13/27) and 69.44% (25/36) respectively. Genotyping data from 13 plasma donors and 23 patients with chronic hepatitis C showed that 29 (80.55%) were 1b, 5 (13.89%) were genotype 2, and 2 (5.56%) remained untyped. CONCLUSION: 1b seemed to be the prevalent HCV genotype in some parts of China.
Genotype↗
(NH4)15[H3Mo57V6(NO)6O189(H2O)12(VO)6].approximately60H2O: new nanocompound obtained by chemical embellishment of [M57V6].
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Journal Article↗
Metastable Equilibrium Solubility Behavior of Carbonated Apatites in the Presence of Solution Fluoride.
The aims of the present investigation were to assess the applicability of the metastable equilibrium solubility (MES) concept for the carbonated apatites (CAPs) over a range of pH and a wide range of solution fluoride concentrations and to examine the hypothesis that, in the presence of solution fluoride, a surface complex with the stoichiometry of fluorapatite (FAP) governs the MES behavior. Two CAP samples were prepared by precipitation from reaction media containing calcium nitrate (Ca(NO(3))(2).4H(2)O) and sodium phosphate (NaH(2)PO(4).H(2)O) at two different levels of sodium bicarbonate. The MES distributions of the two CAP preparations were determined by equilibrating approximately 10 mg of CAP powder in 2 L of 0.1 M acetate buffers (ionic strength=0.50 M) at pH 4.5 and 5.5 and at various levels of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 12 ppm. From the compositions of the equilibrating buffer solutions, ion activity products based upon the stoichiometries of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and FAP were calculated in an attempt to determine the correct function governing the dissolution of the CAP preparations. The results of this study demonstrated that both CAP preparations exhibit the MES distribution phenomenon in solution media of varying pH and fluoride concentrations. Furthermore, the experimental MES data obtained with both CAP preparations at the lower pH (4.5) and at higher solution fluoride levels (>/=0.1 ppm) were essentially superimposable when plotted against the ion activity product based upon the stoichiometry of FAP, suggesting that in the presence of solution fluoride the MES governing surface complex may be an entity possessing a stoichiometry approximated by that of FAP. When the HAP stoichiometry was assumed to represent the surface complex, good superposition of the data was not possible. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
Journal Article↗
Solid-phase combinatorial synthesis using MicroKan reactors, Rf tagging, and directed sorting.
A modular system for high-output solid-phase combinatorial synthesis has been designed and developed. The system employs three technological innovations to achieve its high efficiency and reliability: (1) application of microreactors as the reaction units in solid-phase synthesis; (2) use of radiofrequency tagging as the non-chemical tracking method; and (3) development of the directed sorting technology for split & pool synthesis. The system has been successfully applied in the synthesis of compound libraries of several hundred to several thousand compounds in multi-milligrams per compound quantity by many organizations.
Chemistry, Organic↗
Multiple intraabdominal soft-tissue masses in a man awaiting liver transplantation: a case study and discussion.
An unusual cause of abdominal soft-tissue masses is accessory splenic tissue. The Tc-99m-sulfur colloid liver-spleen scan is a valuable adjunct in making this diagnosis. This report describes a 47-year-old man who had an abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan as part of a pretransplant evaluation and was found to have multiple soft-tissue masses in the posterior aspect of his abdomen. His history was pertinent for a traumatic rupture of the spleen at the age of 12 years, for which he required a splenectomy. He had no symptoms or physical findings to indicate a lymphoproliferative disorder or other malignant process. His peripheral blood smear was remarkable for the absence of Howell-Jolly bodies. The nuclear scan confirmed the presence of uptake in the soft-tissue masses seen on MRI scan. This finding supports our diagnosis of splenosis in a man with a history of traumatic splenic rupture as a child.
Humans↗
Exclusion of chronic osteomyelitis with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic imaging.
PURPOSE: Excluding the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis is often difficult with noninvasive techniques, especially when bone anatomy and structure have been altered by trauma, surgery, or soft-tissue infection. It has been reported that fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has excellent potential to diagnose osteomyelitis. In this study, the accuracy of FDG PET in the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis was determined. METHOD: Twenty-two patients with possible osteomyelitis (5 in the tibia, 5 in the spine, 4 in the proximal femur, 4 in the pelvis, 2 in the maxilla, and 2 in the feet) who underwent FDG PET imaging and on whom operative or clinical follow-up data were available were included in this analysis. The final diagnosis was made by surgical exploration or clinical follow-up during a 1-year period. RESULTS: FDG PET correctly diagnosed the presence or absence of chronic osteomyelitis in 20 of 22 patients. Six had chronic osteomyelitis and 16 proved to be free of osteomyelitis. FDG PET correctly identified all six patients with chronic osteomyelitis but produced two false-positive results. This study had a sensitivity rate of 100%, a specificity rate of 87.5%, and an accuracy rate of 90.9%. CONCLUSION: FDG PET is a highly effective imaging method to exclude osteomyelitis when a negative scan result is obtained. However, positive results can be caused not only by true osteomyelitis but also by inflammation in the bone or surrounding soft tissues as a result of other causes. Overall, FDG PET may prove to be the preferred study in the management of patients with possible chronic osteomyelitis.
Adult↗
Standardized uptake value as an unreliable index of renal disease on fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging.
Fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography has been used extensively in the diagnosis of malignant conditions with high rates of sensitivity and specificity. However, increased FDG uptake is not limited to malignant tissue. In general, lesions with a mild degree of FDG uptake as measured by standardized uptake values less than 2.0 are considered benign, whereas those with values greater than 2.5 are usually regarded as malignant. Standardized uptake values in the kidney can be as high as 22 as a result of excretion of FDG through urine. Two cases are reported in which renal abnormalities could not be distinguished from urine based on standard uptake values alone.
Aged↗
Detection of chronic recurrent lower extremity deep venous thrombosis on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.
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Diagnosis, Differential↗
The role of positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-deoxyglucose in identifying colorectal cancer metastases to liver.
Liver metastasis is a common consequence of colorectal carcinoma. Early and accurate detection of liver metastasis is crucial for a decision about partial hepatectomy, which is considered a standard and potentially curative therapy in such a setting. The presence of extrahepatic metastases will exclude surgical resection as a therapeutic option. Positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET) has been successful in detecting and staging a variety of malignancies. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of FDG-PET in the accurate detection of liver and distal metastases from colorectal cancer. The results of 80 PET and computed tomography (CT) scans were compared with surgical pathology and clinical outcome. FDG-PET detected liver metastases in 28 patients, with a sensitivity of 100%. CT detected metastasis in 20 patients, giving a sensitivity of 71.4%. In addition, in one patient with negative CT findings, PET detected a focus of hypermetabolism in the region adjacent to liver, which was proven to be a second focus of primary colon carcinoma. In six patients with liver metastases, PET correctly detected extrahepatic lesions, while CT only detected hepatic lesions. In conclusion, FDG-PET is an excellent imaging modality for the detection and staging of liver metastases in patients with colorectal carcinomas.
Colorectal Neoplasms↗
[Brain hypometabolism in patients with mesial-temporal sclerosis demonstrated by FDG-PET].
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of brain hypometabolism in patients with mesial-temporal sclerosis (MTS). METHOD: This retrospective study included 21 patients who had medically refractory complex partial seizures and were selected for surgical therapy after a comprehensive evaluation which included surface EEG recordings and neuroimaging studies (PET, SPECT and MRI). All patients were subjected to surgical intervention and had an histopathological confirmation of MTS. A semi-quantitative analysis of the PET images was performed using regions of interest in the following structures: frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, basal ganglia, thalami, cerebellum and three different regions in the temporal lobes, which included medial, inferior and lateral cortices. An asymmetry index (AI) was calculated, comparing the counts per pixel in the homologous structures in both brain hemispheres. The AI of the different structures were then correlated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was demonstrated between the AI of the medial temporal cortices and the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, basal ganglia and thalami (r = 0.72, 0.62, 0.47 and 0.47 respectively with p < 0.05 ). Within the temporal lobe, highly significant correlations were demonstrated among the structures (as high as 0.86 between temporo-medial and temporo-inferior). CONCLUSION: These data indicated that hypometabolism extends beyond the epileptogenic focus in the temporal lobe in patients with complex partial seizure related to MTS. The metabolism in the medial portion of the temporal lobe is more correlated with the metabolism in the frontal lobe than with those of the others brain structures outside the temporal lobe. The pathophysiological mechanisms of hypometabolism remain controversial.
Adolescent↗
Cloning of a T-type Ca2+ channel isoform in insulin-secreting cells.
The T-type Ca2+ channel is an important determinant of electrical activity and of Ca2+ influx in rat and human pancreatic beta-cells. We have identified and sequenced a cDNA encoding a T-type Ca2+ channel alpha1-subunit derived from INS-1, the rat insulin-secreting cell line. The sequence of the cDNA indicates a protein composed of 2,288 amino acids that shares 96.3% identity to alpha1G, the neuronal T-type Ca2+ channel subunit. The transmembrane domains of the protein are highly conserved, but the isoform contains three distinct regions and 10 single amino acid substitutions in other regions. Sequencing rat genomic DNA revealed that the alpha1-subunit we cloned is an alternative splice isoform of alpha1G. By using specific primers and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated that both splice variants are expressed in rat islets. The isoform deduced from INS-1 was also expressed in brain, neonatal heart, and kidney. Functional expression of this alpha1G isoform in Xenopus oocytes generated low voltage-activated Ba2+ currents. These results provide the molecular biological basis for studies of function of T-type Ca2+ channels in beta-cells, which is where these channels may play critical roles in diabetes.
Alternative Splicing↗
Gene variation of 5'-NCR and core region in serum samples collected from patients with HCV infection.
OBJECTIVE: To study the variation of HCV 5'-NCR and core gene in serial sera collected from patients with HCV infection. METHODS: Serial sera were collected from 4 plasma-donors with HCV infection. 5'-NCR and core gene were amplified, sequenced and analyzed using software. RESULTS: All the sequences obtained from the serial sera of patients with HCV infection were 1b and 2a subtypes. The variation of 5'-NCR only related to the genotype, and not associated with patients and time of serum collection. However, the sequences of core gene were not identical in HCV strains isolated from different patients. The sequences of those two regions of the same genotype isolated from the same patient did not change with time. CONCLUSION: 5'-NCR is more conserved than the core region and the genotype is the major cause of gene variation. No change in sequences of those two regions is found at the different points of time.
5' Untranslated Regions↗
[Partial nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E viruses isolated from patients in 14 cities of China].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genotypes of hepatitis E viruses isolated in China. METHODS: The partial genome of open reading frame 2 (nt6461-6860, nt5994-6294) of 45 HEV isolated from patients in 14 cities of China was amplified and sequenced using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. RESULTS: 41 of 45 isolates (91%) shared the same genotype with HEV Burma strain (B), with nucleotide identities higher than 98% with the representative HEV Chinese strain. Only 4 HEV isolates were significantly divergent from the 3 prototype strains of HEV, with nucleotide identities of 77%-80% with HEV Burmese/Chinese strain, 74%-76% with Mexico strain and 74%-77% with the newly discovered HEV US/Swine strain, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these 4 isolates represented 2 different subtypes belonging to a novel genotype of HEV, which was significantly divergent from the prototype Mexican, Burmese and US/Swine isolates. CONCLUSION: Among patients with hepatitis E in China, most are infected with the Chinese prototype HEV, and only a small part with the new genotype HEV.
China↗
[Etiological study on patients with seronegative viral hepatitis].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology of hepatitis patients who were seronegative for viral hepatitis A through E. METHODS: By using PCR, HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HEV RNA and HGV RNA were detected in sera of 104 patients with seronegative viral hepatitis. The partial nucleotide sequences of 2 HCV and 17 HEV isolates were analysed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: Among the 104 patients with seronegative viral hepatitis, the positive rates of HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HEV RNA and HGV RNA were 29.8%, 3.8%, 22.1% and 7.7%, respectively, with only 38 cases (36.6%) negative for the genome of all known hepatitis viruses. CONCLUSION: In addition to serological tests, the polymerase chain reaction of all known hepatitis viruses should be used to make the diagnosis of non-A - E hepatitis.
Base Sequence↗