Nurse screening of low-birth-weight infants for cerebral palsy using goniometry.
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Ankle Joint↗
Biomedical subjects
H Zhao
Publications and source records attributed to H Zhao.
Haptoglobin types in Chinese ethnic groups.
The distribution of haptoglobin (HP) types was examined in six different Chinese ethnic groups. The gene frequencies were compared among these groups and to those reported in other Chinese Han populations. The effects of sex and age on the distribution of HP types are also discussed.
Adolescent↗
Haptoglobin groups and cirrhosis of the liver.
Haptoglobin (HP) groups were determined in Chinese patients suffering from eight different diseases and compared to those of 552 control subjects. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver showed a significant difference from controls in the distribution of HP types (p = 2 x 10(-4)), with increases in the HP*1 allele and HP1-1 phenotype frequencies. The relative risk for the HP1-1 phenotype was 3.3.
Alleles↗
The effects of genotyping errors and interference on estimation of genetic distance.
Analysis of linkage data has typically been carried out assuming genotyping errors are absent. Recent studies have shown, however, that the impact of ignoring genotyping errors can be great, especially in dense marker maps [Buetow, Am J Hum Genet 1991; 49:985-994; Lincoln and Lander, Genomics 1992; 14:604-610]. Because most organisms exhibit positive chiasma interference, we use the chi 2 model [Foss et al., Genetics 1993; 144:681-691] to examine the role interference plays in the estimation of genetic distance in the presence of genotyping errors. For simplicity, we confine our analyses to samples of 1,000 fully informative gametes. Our results support previous findings that ignoring errors inflates distance estimates. The larger the error rate, the greater the inflation. For a given error rate, the relative error in estimated genetic distance is greatest when interference is known to be weak or absent. An approximation to relative error which quantifies the relation to distance, error rate, and interference is provided. Robustness of estimation to error misspecification is also investigated. When the assumed error rate is too low, distance is overestimated while interference is underestimated. The situation is reversed when too large an error rate is assumed (interference is overestimated, and distance underestimated). Unfortunately, the joint estimation of distance and interference is not very robust to error misspecification.
Genetic Linkage↗
Distribution of PGM1 subtypes in 12 populations of China.
The distribution of PGM1 subtypes in 12 populations of China was studied by using isoelectric focusing (IEF) in 0.5 mm thick polyacrylamide gel, pH 5-7. It was found that the PGM1*1A frequency was higher in northern China and lower in the south. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM: E. C. 2. 7. 5. 1) occurs in all human tissues and is controlled by four autosomal loci, i.e., PGM1, PGM2, PGM3 [Hopkinson and Harris 1968] and PGM4 [Cantu and Ibarra 1982]. The Polymorphism at the PGM1 locus in human was first revealed in 1964 [Spencer et al 1964]. Since then, extensive studies showed that two codominant alleles, PGM1*1 and PGM1*2, are present on locus PGM1 in all populations, as well as many rare alleles. Investigations with isoelectric focusing (IEF) revealed the presence of four common allotypes, which were previously labelled as PGM1*1+, PGM*1-, PGM*2+, PGMI*2- [Bark et al 1976]. The workshop, held in West Germany in 1985, recommended a new nomenclature: PGM1*1A, PGM1*1B, PGM1*2A and PGM1*2B instead of PGM*1+, PGM1*1-, PGM1*2+ and PGM1*2- in order to avoid misunderstanding [Dykes et al 1985]. A large body of data on the distribution of the four common PGM1 alleles in different populations in the world has been accumulated. But the data on PGM1 in China are yet very limited. The present paper reports the PGM1 gene frequencies in 8 national minorities and 4 subpopulations of Han in China.
Alleles↗
Time resolved assessment of ischemic myocardial tolerance in normothermia and hypothermia by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Adenosine Triphosphate↗
The autoregulation of the skin microcirculation in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with and without vascular complications.
The skin microvascular autoregulatory capacity was investigated in healthy volunteers and diabetic patients without or with vascular complications. To assess this capacity, skin blood flux (SBF) of different areas was examined during different procedures of venous stasis, standing position, and passive lowering of the leg. SBF was evaluated by laser doppler fluxmetry. There was, in healthy control subjects, the same degree of vasoconstriction, i.e., the same reduction in SBF irrespective of the site of measurement and the procedure used. In diabetic patients, the vasoconstriction elicited in the finger pulp by venous stasis was normal. By contrast, the vasoconstrictor responses to standing or lowering of the leg were impaired. In fact there was, in some patients, an increased SBF instead of a decreased one during standing or lowering of the leg. Impaired vasoconstrictor responses to standing or lowering of the leg was observed even in patients without complications; the impairment, however, was more marked in patients with complications. Thus, the inability of the diabetic skin microvasculature to respond normally to postural changes may be an important factor initiating the development of foot complications. The contribution of local and central reflexes to microvascular autoregulation in diabetic patients and control subjects was also discussed.
Blood Flow Velocity↗
Role and limits of glycemic regulation in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy.
The relationship between either an acute or a chronic hyperglycemia and functional microcirculatory disturbances was studied in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients in comparison to healthy volunteers. Acute hyperglycemia, provoked in 10 IDD patients, was accompanied by an increase in laser doppler skin blood flux while transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) decreased. These changes, accompanied by that in the concentration of moving blood cells indicate that acute hyperglycemia results in a vasodilation in favour of non-nutritive microvascular shunts. The effect of chronic hyperglycemia was studied in 36 IDD patients who had a duration of diabetes of less than 5 years and had no clinical signs of micro- and macroangiopathy. In these patients, erythrocyte aggregation, plasma viscosity and fibrinogen concentration were increased and transcutaneous oxygen pressure reduced, compared with the levels seen in healthy subjects. More marked impairments were observed in patients with poor glycemic control. This suggests that chronic hyperglycemia involves functional disturbances which will contribute to the development of the vascular complications of diabetes. In 34 patients with poorly controlled diabetes who received intensive insulin therapy for 36 months, these changes were reversed in patients in whom good glycemic control was achieved within 2 months, but not in those in whom glycemic control remained poor. It is concluded that disturbances in blood flow and TcPO2 occur early in diabetes, and are consequences of poor glycemic control. These disturbances can be reversed or normalized if glycemic control is improved by intensive treatment.
Acute Disease↗