Relationship between angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy.
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
Biomedical subjects
H Zhao
Publications and source records attributed to H Zhao.
[Injury of femoral artery complicated with infection from injection of heroine].
Drug addiction has been one of the serious social problems. The peripheral phlebitis caused by drug injection is common, but the occurrence of pseudoaneurysm with infection of femoral artery from injection injury was rarely reported in China. From January 1995 to March 1996, six cases of injury of femoral artery with infection from heroine injection were admitted. The characteristics of the injury were described. The therapeutic measures and details of attention to be needed were discussed. It was concluded that this type of injury was different from the injury caused in agricultural, industrial or traffic accidents. The treatment of choice depended upon the type of injury.
Adult↗
Effects of acupuncture at fengchi point (GB 20) on cerebral blood flow.
Blood velocity in the vertebral artery and the basilar artery was observed before and after acupuncture at Fengchi point (GB 20) in 97 patients by transcranial Doppler ultrasonic detecting. The results showed that the blood velocity in patients with either high or low blood flow had significant changes after acupuncture (P < 0.001).
Acupuncture Points↗
[Experimental study on the role of insulin-like growth factor-I in ovulation induction].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) as an adjunctive factor for ovulation induction. METHODS: The model of anovulatory mice was established by single injection of testosterone propionate. Thirty anovulatory mice were divided into 3 groups, each contained 10 mice. IGF-I 1 microgram + human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) 5 IU, IGF-I 2 micrograms or hMG 10 IU alone was injected intraperitoneally to each group respectively. Cyclic changes of vaginal smear and numbers of oocytes in fallopian tubes were used to assess the effect. RESULTS: Vaginal smears of 8 mice in IGF-I + hMG group, 6 mice in hMG group and 2 mice in IGF-I group returned to normal cyclic pattern. The differences between IGF-I + hMG group and IGF-I or hMG groups were significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), but the difference between IGF-I group and hMG group was not significant (P > 0.05). The average numbers of oocytes within fallopian tubes were 12.3 in IGF-I + hMG group and 9.2 in hMG group (P < 0.05). In IGF-I group there were no oocytes in the fallopian tubes of two mice whose vaginal smears returned to normal. CONCLUSION: IGF-I may be a potential agonist agent for ovulation induction.
Animals↗
[Immunoprotection in guinea pigs using DNA recombinant plasmid rpDJt and expressed protein P68 in L. interrogans serovar lai].
Immunoprotection against the infection by Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohemorrhagiae serovar lai strain 017 was demonstrated in guinea pigs vaccinated with DNA recombinant plasmid rpDJt and expressed protein P68 derived from genomic library of Leptospira strain 017. Thirty days after active immunization, each group received intraperitoneally (1/2 dose) and subcutaneously (1/2 dose) inoculum of L. interrogans serovar lai stain 017; cultures were adjusted to 5 x 10(8) cells/ml. All guinea pigs were observed for 10 days after challenge. Survival (%) of P68 group was 100(7/7); P23 group was 75(3/4); group rpDJt was 77(10/13); group lack recombinant (control) pT7-7 was 25 (3/12), and group with whole-cell inactivated vaccine was 93(13/14). Although the protective antigen in the leptospires has yet to be determined, it is evident that expressed protein P68 conferred a high degree of immunoprotection in guinea pigs.
Animals↗
[The effect of insulin-like growth factor-I on steroidogenesis and ultrastructures of cultured human granulosa cells in vitro].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on steroidogenesis and ultrastructures of cultured human granulosa cells in vitro and the synergetic influence of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on this process. METHODS: Human granulosa cells were cultured in serum-free 1640 medium. After stimulated with various concentrations of IGF-I or IGF-I + FSH for 24 hours, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels in the media were measured by radioimmunoassay, and the ultrastructure changes of granulosa cells were observed under electronic microscope. RESULTS: When stimulated with different concentrations of IGF-I for 24 hours, E2 and P levels produced by granulosa cells were in a dose-dependent manner and significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.01). The E2 and P levels in the media under the stimulation of IGF-I + FSH were 3.5 times and 14.5 times respectively higher than those of FSH alone. The main ultrastructureal appearances of granulosa cells stimulated with IGF-I were abundance of enlarged smooth enodplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lipid droplets in cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: IGF-I possesses a positive effect on the steroidogenesis of cultured human granulosa cells in dose-dependent fashion which could be enhanced by combination of IGF-I and FSH. The ultrastructures of granulosa cells showed a tendency toward activation of steroidogenesis under the stimulation of IGF-I.
Cells, Cultured↗
[The clinicopathological and immunophenotypical features of 162 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor].
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the clinicopathological and immunophenotypical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two cases of GIST were retrospectively studied. Among them, forty-six cases were immunostained using antibodies against vimentin, CD34, muscle specific actin (MSA), smooth muscle actin (SMA), neuron specific enolase(NSE), S-100 protein, synaptophysin (SYN), cytokeratin(CK), CEA, LCA. RESULTS: Clinically, male patients predominated with a male to female ratio of 3.8:1. The average age was 50 (range 6-74). The most common symptoms were gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal mass in 45% and 39% of the cases, respectively. The common anatomical locations were stomach (43%), ileum (20%), jejunum (18%). Pathologically, all the tumor arose from the muscular layer. The tumor diameter varied from 0.5 to 43 cm. In 55% of the cases, the tumor was malignant. The main component cell types were spindle and epithelioid in appearance. Immunophenotypically, percentage of positivity for the 10 antibodies was as follows: vimentin, 100% (39/39), CD34, 64% (23/36), MSA, 47% (16/34), SMA, 41% (14/34), NSE, 61% (17/28), S-100 protein, 19% (4/21), SYN, 15% (3/20), CK, CEA, and LCA were negative. CONCLUSION: GIST is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Immunostaining confirms that only some of the GIST shows partial differentiation toward smooth muscle, neuron, or both.
Adolescent↗
Serum levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. METHODS: Serum epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the peripheral vein, portal vein and superior vena cava (SVC) were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography in 38 portal hypertensive patients, 28 idiopathic hypertensive patients and 34 controls, respectively. RESULTS: Peripheral venous E concentrations in portal hypertensive patients and controls were 57.5 +/- 37.4 ng/L and 23.5 +/- 11.2 ng/L, respectively (P < 0.01), and peripheral venous NE concentrations were 451.1 +/- 381.2 ng/L and 183.0 +/- 83.3 ng/L, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with controls, peripheral venous E (54.9 +/- 39.9 ng/L vs 23.5 +/- 11.2 ng/L, P < 0.01) and NE (524.3 +/- 219.9 ng/L vs 183.0 +/- 83.3 ng/L, P < 0.01) in idiopathic hypertensive patients were also significantly increased. E and NE in SVC, portal vein and peripheral artery in portal hypertensive patients were also increased, but only the elevation of E in SVC was statistically significant (207.2 +/- 55.4 ng/L vs 83.7 +/- 46.7 ng/L, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results reveal significant metabolic disorders of E and NE in portal hypertensive patients, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension.
Adult↗
Expression of type-I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA in bone of castrated adult female rats: effects of estrogen.
OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the molecular changes of bone collagen during the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis and to investigate the molecular effects of estrogen replacement. METHODS: An adult ovariotomy rat model was used. Type-I collagen and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions in bone tissues of rats treated by sham surgery (SH), bilateral ovariotomy (OVX) and OVX with estradiol (OVX-E2) were analysed at mRNA level by using dot blot technique. The distribution of mRNA of these two genes in bone tissues was studied by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The expression levels of both type-I collagen and MMP-9 in bone tissues of OVX rats were higher than those of SH group, while treated with estradiol, the expression of both genes declined to some degree. In situ hybridization showed that type-I collagen mRNA located in osteoblasts, whereas MMP-9 was mainly expressed in osteoclasts, some lining cells on bone surface, and some mononuclear cells in bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of high bone turnover in osteoporotic bone tissues induced by estrogen replacement may result from alterations in gene expression related to bone formation and bone resorption. These alterations are consistent with the changes observed previously by histomorphometry and biochemical markers of bone metabolism on OVX animals and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Animals↗
[Expression of standard and variant CD44 in human lung cancer].
OBJECTIVE: CD44 transmembrane glycoprotein, a cell adhesion molecule, is expressed in most adult tissues and in the majority of neoplasms. Due to alternative splicing, this cell adhesion molecule exists in multiple isoforms, some of which have been associated with specific types of tumors as well as with tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we observed the expression of CD44 standard (CD44s) and variant forms (CD44v6) in 96 primary lung carcinomas and 12 cases of metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry and associated the results with clinical outcome. To understand the correlation of CD44's expression with the histological types, differentiation, progression and metastasis of primary lung carcinomas. METHOD: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissues from 56 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 34 adenocarcinomas (ADC), 6 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and 12 metastatic lymph nodes were immunostained after microwave antigen repair with monoclonal antibodies against CD44s and CD44v6, and the results were associated with histological tumor type, tumor stage and metastasis. RESULT: (1) SCC showed much higher membranous expression of CD44s and CD44v6 than ADC (P < 0.01), and there is no expression in all 6 SCLC cases. (2) In 12 metastatic lymph nodes, 10 metastatic lung carcinomas were found strong immunoreactivity for CD44v6 (83%), and in comparison with lung carcinomas without lymph node metastasis (51%), primary lung carcinomas with lymph node metastasis showed strong expression of CD44v6 (91%, chi 2 = 14.92, P < 0.01). (3) The expression of CD44s and CD44v6 is independent from tumor histopathological grading (well, moderate, poor differentiated). Among different tumor stages, however, there is a distinct statistic difference between stage I + II and stage III + IV (chi 2 = 6.05, P < 0.05) with the tendency of higher stage with higher expression of CD44v6. CONCLUSION: CD44 expresses mostly in NSCLC. Moreover, there is an stronger expression of CD44s and v6 in SCC over ADC; Immunopositivity of CD44v6 may suggest a potential of high risk for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC; CD44v6 reactivity may be useful to decide TNM stage of NSCLC, especially to discriminate stage I, II with higher stage.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Studies on pulmonary fibrosis induced by interstitial macrophages].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of interstitial macrophages (IMs) in modulating the proliferative capacity of fibroblast(FB). METHOD: IMs isolated by collagenase IA digestion of disaggreted lung tissues from bleomycin-treated rats were studied in this regard. The culture supernatants of alveolar macrophages(AMs) and of IMs were added to culture media of FBs. RESULT: The releases of growth factors by the two sub-populations of macrophage were already elevated on 1st day following bleomycin instillation, and peaked on 7th day at a level nearly 3-fold above that of control groups(IM 342%, AM 332%, P < 0.01), the proliferative capacity was correlated well with the levels of TNF alpha and PDGF (r = 0.657, 0.713, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Not only AMs, but also IMs could release growth factors to modulate the proliferation of FBs in vitro. IMs might be of more significance in maintenance of the process of pulmonary fibrosis because of its proximity to FBs.
Animals↗
[Effect of +Gz-induced cerebral ischemia on the distribution of nitric oxide synthase in rabbit brain].
In order to study the effect of repeated short termed + Gz -induced cerebral ischemia on rabbit brain, rabbits were exposed to +4.0 Gz for 3 times (with 30 min interval in between) which caused the arterial pressure at eye level dropped to 0 kPa and lasted for 30 s. Changes of distribution of the nitric oxide synthase(NOS) positive neurons in rabbit brain were observed using the NADPH-diaphorase histochemical reaction. The results showed that NOS positive neurons in the parietal cortex, piriform cortex, hippocampus and dentate gyrus increased by 167%, 126%, 321%, 172% (P < 0.01) respectively, immediately after repeated + Gz exposures, as compared with those of controls. It still remained significantly more than that in controls (P < 0.01) 1 h and 6 h after exposure. It suggests that NO may have some effect on the neurons during cerebral ischemia.
Acceleration↗
[Analysis of isoenzymes in six kinds of caulis drug by means of polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis].
OBJECTIVE: To probe into the possibility of application of electrophoresis in the identification of caulis drugs. METHOD: The isoenzymes of peroxidase, esterase and amylase in six kinds of caulis drug with similar characteristics were analyzed by means of polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis. RESULT: The bands of isoenzymogram of peroxidase are the clearest of all, and band number and mobility rates of the six drugs differ from one another, showing a remarkable interspecific distinction. CONCLUSION: Electrophoresis of isoenzymes of peroxidase can be employed as one of the effective means in differentiating caulis drugs.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Resection of small primary liver cancer: clinical analysis of 82 cases].
OBJECTIVE: To determine which clinicopathologic features and surgical modalities are related to the prognosis of small primary liver cancer (SPLC). METHOD: Eighty-two patients who had under gone operations for SPLC (<or= 5.0 cm in diameter) from 1988 to 1995 were retrospectively studied. 60 patients were HBsAg positive, and 71 patients suffered from liver cirrhosis. Bisegmentectomy, segmentectomy and partial resections were performed in 13, 14 and 55 patients separately. RESULT: The overall operative mortality was 1.2%, and the 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 92.7%, 72.5% and 54.3%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates of 78 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma according to histologic features were 79.6%, 49.9% and 41.1% in well-differentiated (15 patients), moderately (53), and poorly differentiated (10) groups. Recurrence and metastasis rates in 1, 3, 5 years were 12.8%, 40.7% and 71.5%, separately. CONCLUSION: SPLC has the same history of large PLC. Early diagnosis and limited hepatic resection are very important to decrease the mortality and increase the survival rate.
Adult↗
[The manifestations of 496 cases with thyroid-related immune orbitopathy and normal thyroid function].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical manifestations of thyroid-related immune orbitopathy (TRIO) with normal thyroid function. METHODS: 496 cases with TRIO were collected from 1973 to 1994 and their clinical manifestations were analyzed. RESULTS: The clinical manifestations showed that males are more than females. The disease occurred in middle aged persons with unilateral exophthalmos as the primary early manifestation. Most of the cases had the signs of eyelids and extraocular muscle involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The thyroid-related immune orbitopathy with normal thyroid function can be named thyroid-related immune orbitopathy-II. The clinical characteristics of this disease are unilateral, of signs of eyelids, exophthalmos and enlargement of eye muscles. The pseudo-tumors of the orbit are mainly considered for differential diagnosis.
Adolescent↗
[A study of cytokines in pathogenesis of thyroid-related immune orbitopathy].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenesis of thyroid-related immune orbitopathy (TRIO). METHODS: Human orbital fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and immunohistochemical techniques were used to study cytokines that induce effect on HLA-II antigen expression of orbital fibroblasts. RESULTS: It is shown that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) could induce the expression of orbital fibroblast HLA-II antigens. The induced effect of IFN-gamma is of good linear correlations with time and concentration. CONCLUSION: HLA-II antigen expression can be induced by IFN-gamma, IL-1 and TNF. In the course of immune reaction and pathogenesis of TRIO, cytokines play important roles.
Cytokines↗
[Genotypic analysis of hepatitis C viruses and its significance in interferon treatment].
To study the genotypes of HCV infection in Shanxi Province and the response of HCV genotypes to interferon therapy, the genotypes of HCV were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 94 chronic hepatitis C patients who were positive for HCV RNA (RT-PCR). It was shown that 80 patients (85.1%) were group I infection, 12 (12.8%) were group II infection and 2 (2.1%) were group I/II co-infection. 45 chronic hepatitis C patients with different genotypes (35 with HCV group I, 10 with group II) received rIFN alpha-1b 3 MU three times a week for 6 months and were followed up to 12-34 months. The responsive rate was significantly higher in patients with group II infection (80%) than that in patients infected with group I (37.1%) (P < 0.05). Sustained response was observed in 60% for group II and in 17.1% for group I (P < 0.025). The date indicated that HCV group I is the major type of HCV infection in Shanxi Province the and HCV genotype seems to be an important factor in determining the response rate to IFN treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Adolescent↗
[The relationship between expression of oncogene proteins and HBeAg in chronic hepatitis B virus infection].
To study the relationship between abnormal expression of oncogene protein and HBV replication, we detected the expression of protein products C-erbB-2 P185, ras P21 and tumorsuppressor gene product P53 and HBeAg in the serum of 64 patients with chronic HBV infection by using immunohistochemical technique and ELISA. The results were as follows. The positive detection rates of serum HBeAg in C-erbB-2 P185 and ras P21 oncogenes positive groups were 89.4% and 84.6% respectively, but only 20% and 48% in C-erbB-2 P185 and ras P21 negative groups. It suggested that there is a close correlation between the over-expression of C-erbB-2 P185, ras P21 and replication of HBV.
Adolescent↗