Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Zaun.
This paper reports a case study of a 10-year-old girl exhibiting symptoms of a Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS), including an ocular involvement not previously observed. In addition to the case reported, we have also discovered 21 patients described in the literature. Major clinical findings, defined as being present in more than 75% of the cases under discussion, are presented.
We report on a patient with simultaneous manifestation of two different side-effects of a cytostatic therapy, which have to be ascribed to cytotoxic influences of different intensity. In this 37-year-old woman, "Mees-like" transverse white bands appeared on all the nails on the left hand after isolated cytostatic perfusion of the left arm. The nails on the right hand and the feet remained free of visible changes. However, the low doses of cytostatic drugs shunted into the systematic circulation induced diffuse toxic hair loss.
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White discolorations of the nails are frequent changes. Mostly they are conditioned by traumatic injuries, but many other causes including hereditary diseases, different skin diseases, systemic diseases, and intoxications and exogenous influences can induce complete or partial whitening of the nail. For the diagnostic purpose of these signs, it is necessary to differentiate between leukonychias caused by alteration of the nail plate and conditions caused by modification of the subungeal tissue. Beyond this, the appearance of whitening--total, subtotal, punctuated, striated--has to be considered. For practical identification, the different forms of leukonychias are discussed according to their clinical picture.
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We report 3 cases of erythema multiforme following topical application of diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP) for the treatment of alopecia areata. This eruption represents a rare side effect which could be controlled with corticosteroids given both systemically and topically. When this unusual reaction occurred, treatment with DCP was stopped. In one of the patients, subsequent topical immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester was not complicated by this side effect and resulted in complete hair regrowth.
Dependent on the nature and intensity of the causative damage, the clinical picture of diffuse loss of hair varies considerably. We give a review on 4 typical clinical forms with different courses and degrees of hair loss. The differentiation of these variants may help to estimate the possible causes and prognosis and avoid unnecessary investigations.
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We examined the clinical and histological effects of etretin in pustulosis palmo-plantaris (PPP) in a multicentre study. 30 patients with PPP were treated with etretin in a double-blind study. After a 4-week interval of either etretin (50 mg/day) or placebo (randomized), all patients received etretin during a second period of 20 weeks (the dosage was individually varied). The effect of etretin was verified clinically and by immunhistochemical methods. The number of pustules in a 4 cm2 reference area diminished within the first 4 weeks from 8.5 to 1.9 (etretin group) and from 9.0 to 6.2 (placebo group). Within a maximum of 24 weeks 16% of the patients showed a complete remission, 44% a pronounced improvement, and 22% little improvement. The state of 2% of the patients deteriorated. Immunhistologically, the number of granulocytes was reduced in the inflammatory infiltrate and in the pustules. Etretin is therefore a retinoid, which is easily controlled and effective in PPP.
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We discuss the promising results of recent pharmacological and clinical studies on non-cicatricial alopecia: (1) The development of effective antiandrogens for topical application will provide some possibilities of 'causal' treatment of androgenetic alopecia in male patients. (2) Further investigations on patients treated with minoxidil may lead to new insight of the factors regulating the follicular functions. (3) Our preliminary experiences with the various therapeutic modes of alopecia areata, based on the autoimmune pathogenesis of this disease, supply the foundation for effective therapeutic regimens for practical use.
According to morphologic differences or provoking factors, variants of hemorrhagic pigmentary dermatoses (HPD) have been reported under numerous names. Common characteristics of these disorders are grouped petechiae, eczematoid dermatitis and, in older lesions, hyperpigmentation due to hemosiderin deposits; these symptoms are usually seen on the lower extremities. Today, we suppose a uniform pathogenesis of the clinically varying types of HPD.
Different types of brachyonychia were observed in a mother and her daughter. The mother presented a unilateral racket thumb-nail (localized brachyonychia "en raquette" of Basset). In the case of the daughter the thumbs and three middle fingers of both hands were involved, the nails of the little fingers being normal (generalized brachyonychia "en raquette" of Basset). Also, the daughter's toe-nails were short and wide. There was a family history of short nails "on all fingers" occurring in the two sisters of the mother's father. We believe that localized and generalized types of racket nails are variants of the same inherited anomaly. As far as we know, this is the first report of brachyonychia of the toe-nails.
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