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Biomedical subjects

H Yoshimura

Publications and source records attributed to H Yoshimura.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

[Pharmaco-ethological analysis of agonistic behavior between resident and intruder mice: effects of adrenergic beta-blockers].

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of adrenergic beta-blockers on agonistic behavior using quantitative ethological methods. In order to generate the agonistic behavior we employed the resident-intruder paradigm: An intruder male mouse is introduced into the home cage of a resident male mouse that has been cohabiting with a female for 5 weeks. The following drugs were administered orally to either resident or intruder mice: dl-Propranolol, oxprenolol, and carteolol. The injection-test interval was 60 min. Each test was recorded using a video TV monitor system, and at a later time several behavioral elements shown by both resident and intruder mice were measured. dl-Propranolol (5, 10, 20 mg/kg), oxprenolol (30, 50, 75 mg/kg), and carteolol (30, 50, 75 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the resident's aggressive episodes (offensive sideways posture, tail rattle, and attack bite) when resident mice were treated. By contrast, when intruder mice were treated with beta-blockers, aggressive episodes by untreated residents were not affected. The results suggest that dl-propranolol, oxprenolol, and carteolol have specific effects on the hostility of resident mice.

Administration, Oral↗

[Prognostic factors in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum].

In this series of 986 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, the value of different prognostic factor was discussed. The five-year survival rate was 60.1% overall. The patient's sex and age and the location of the carcinoma were not correlated with survival. The protuberant type macroscopically, less than 2.9 cm in diameter, under one third in circumference and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma were relatively good prognostic factors, but the majority of these cases had adenocarcinoma confined to the bowel wall. The depth of invasion, nodal metastasis and venous invasion were significant indicators of survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Rapid clearance of iodine-131 MIBG from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction and pheochromocytoma.

Iodine-131 MIBG, a radiolabeled adrenergic neuron-blocking agent, decreased rapidly from the heart and liver of patients with adrenergic dysfunction (n = 3) and pheochromocytoma (n = 2) when compared with eight controls. The 4-hr activity expressed as percentages (mean +/- s.d.) of the 20-min counts were as follows: 80 +/- 3.0% in the controls compared with 60 +/- 7.6% in the patients over the heart (p less than 0.01) and 79 +/- 3.2% in the controls compared with 51 +/- 17% in the patients over the liver (p less than 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the rate of [131I]MIBG decrease in these organs between controls and patients in the intervals subsequent to 4 hr (p greater than 0.05). These findings suggest that adrenergic neuronal uptake of [131I]MIBG in these organs is smaller in the patients than in the controls. Measurements of time-activity relationships of radioiodinated MIBG may be useful for assessment of adrenergic function of these organs and thus of generalized disorders of adrenergic innervation.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of cyclosporin A in body fluids.

A sensitive, specific and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic assay method for the determination of a new immunosuppressant, cyclosporin A (CsA), in the biological samples such as human blood, rat plasma and rat lymph has been developed. CsA was extracted with diethyl ether followed by being cleaned up with liquid-liquid extraction procedure using carbon tetrachloride-methanol system, and was chromatographed on a microparticulate CN column with UV detection at 212 nm. The lower detection limit is 100 ng/ml in human blood (from 1.0 ml) and 500 ng/ml in the rat plasma or lymph (from 0.2 ml). This method is sensitive enough for monitoring CsA concentrations in the renal transplant patients in the therapeutic dose range, and is also applicable to the determination of CsA in the rat plasma and lymph samples for the purpose of pharmacokinetic evaluation of several CsA dosage forms in the rats.

Animals↗

[Noninvasive estimation of pressure gradient in the left ventricular outflow tract: an experimental study].

The relationship between systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) and left ventricular outflow pressure gradient (PG) was examined in five dogs with experimentally-produced SAM. A total of 155 heart beats including 29 post-extrasystolic beats with various PG were analyzed. Correlations of PG with the time from the onset of left ventricular ejection to the onset of SAM-septal contact (SSC), SSC divided by ejection time (ET) (SSC/ET), and SSC/ET multiplied by the pre-ejection period (PEP) (PEP X SSC/ET) were obtained. The relation between the natural logarithm of PG (InPG) and SSC/ET was expressed by the linear regression equation: InPG = -5.16X + 5.19, with the correlation coefficient (r) of -0.88 for total 155 beats (r ranged from -0.75 to -0.96 for each dog), and the relation between InPG and PEP X SSC/ET by the formula of InPG = -0.075X + 5.35, with the r of -0.91 for total 155 beats (r ranged from -0.84 to -0.95 for each dog). These results indicated that the time from the onset of aortic ejection to the onset of SAM-septal contact is strongly dependent on the degree of PG.

Animals↗

Torsional motion of eosin-labeled F-actin as detected in the time-resolved anisotropy decay of the probe in the sub-millisecond time range.

The internal motion of F-actin in the time range from 10(-6) to 10(-3) second has been explored by measuring the transient absorption anisotropy of eosin-labeled F-actin using laser flash photolysis. The transient absorption anisotropy of eosin-F-actin at 20 degrees C has a component that decays in the submicrosecond time scale to an anisotropy of about 0.3. This anisotropy then decays with a relaxation time of about 450 microseconds to a residual anisotropy of about 0.1 after 2 ms. When the concentration of eosin-F-actin was varied in the range from 7 to 28 microM, the transient absorption anisotropy curves obtained were almost indistinguishable from each other. These results show that the anisotropy decay arises from internal motion of eosin-F-actin. Analysis of the transient absorption anisotropy curves indicates that the internal motion detected by the decay in anisotropy is primarily a twisting of actin protomers in the F-actin helix; bending of the actin filament makes a minor contribution only to the measured decay. The torsional rigidity calculated from the transient absorption anisotropy is 0.2 X 10(-17) dyn cm2 at 20 degrees C, which is about an order of magnitude smaller than the flexural rigidity determined from previous studies. Thus, we conclude that F-actin is more flexible in twisting than in bending. The calculated root-mean-square fluctuation of the torsional angle between adjacent actin protomers in the actin helix is about 4 degrees at 20 degrees C. We also found that the torsional rigidity is approximately constant in the temperature range from 5 to approximately 35 degrees C, and that the binding of phalloidin does not appreciably affect the torsional motion of F-actin.

Actins↗

Potentiation of physical dependence by conjugation at the 6-position of nalorphine.

The experiments concerned the effects of glucuronate or sulfate conjugation at the 6-position of nalorphine on the analgesic and antagonistic activities and also on the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Nalorphine-3-and 6-sulfate ester were synthesized for the first time. The analgesic effect of nalorphine-6-sulfate and -glucuronide was higher than that of nalorphine when assessed in the acetic acid writhing test. However, these 6-conjugates exhibited less potent agonistic activity in the test with guinea-pig ileum muscle strip and revealed no analgesic effect in the tail pinch test. The antagonistic activity of these 6-conjugates to morphine analgesia was lower on their s.c. injection, but higher on i.c.v. injection than that of nalorphine. The development of tolerance to the analgesia caused by nalorphine was not affected by the 6-modifications. Frequent withdrawal signs were seen in mice treated chronically with anlorphine-6-conjugates by challenging with naloxone while mice treated with nalorphine showed no such signs. This potent enhancing effect of 6-conjugation on the development of physical dependence was suggested to be also the case with morphine. These changes of potency due to conjugation were interpreted as due to the altered interaction with multiple opioid receptors.

Analgesics↗