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Biomedical subjects

H Yoshimoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Yoshimoto.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Case of spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy: with special reference to a CT finding].

Spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy rarely occurs in obstructive hydrocephalus. The authors experienced a case of spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy diagnosed by CT scan with metrizamide and Conray. Patient was 23-year-old male who had been in good health until one month before admission, when he began to have headache and tinnitus. He noticed bilateral visual acuity was decreased about one week before admission and vomiting appeared two days before admission. He was admitted to our hospital because of bilateral papilledema and remarkable hydrocephalus diagnosed by CT scan. On admission, no abnormal neurological signs except for bilateral papilledema were noted. Immediately, right ventricular drainage was performed. Pressure of the ventricle was over 300 mmH2O and CSF was clear. PVG and PEG disclosed an another cavity behind the third ventricle, which was communicated with the third ventricle, and occlusion of aqueduct of Sylvius. Metrizamide CT scan and Conray CT scan showed a communication between this cavity and quadrigeminal and supracerebellar cisterns. On these neuroradiological findings, the diagnosis of obstructive hydrocephalus due to benign aqueduct stenosis accompanied with spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy was obtained. Spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy was noticed to produce arrest of hydrocephalus, but with our case, spontaneous regression of such symptoms did not appeared. In the literature, arrest of hydrocephalus was noted in 50 per cent of 14 cases of obstructive hydrocephalus with spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy. By surgical ventriculocisternostomy (method by Torkildsen, Dandy, or Scarff), arrest of hydrocephalus was seen in about 50 to 70 per cent, which was the same results as those of spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy. It is concluded that VP shunt or VA shunt is thought to be better treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus than the various kinds of surgical ventriculocisternostomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Morphological study of the pathogenesis of retinal cotton wool spot.

To investigate the true structural changes in retinal cotton wool spots, serial sections of several blocks of retinal corresponding to cotton wool spots obtained from two hypertensive cases were studied by light and electron microscopy. Occlusion of the feeder arteriole and capillaries, and numerous vacuoles of various sizes in the inner retinal layer were the constant histological features in cotton wool spots. Cytoid body was another change in these areas but it was not a constant feature. Increase of membranous structure resembling endoplasmic reticulum was thought to be incorporated in the formation of the pseudonucleus in the cytoid body. Phagocytosis by macrophages led to the disappearance of the cytoid body. It was concluded that the true feature of the cotton wool spot is nothing but vacuolation, an edematous change of the inner retinal layers due to ischemia following occlusion of the feeder arteriole, and that the cytoid body is only a nonspecific and transient alteration of nerve fibers in the early stage of the ischemic lesion in the retina.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Endoscopic sphincterotomy for the treatment of biliary sump syndrome.

Biliary "sump" syndrome is a rare but embarrassing problem after side-to-side choledochojejunostomy or choledochoduodenostomy. Four patients with they syndrome treated nonoperatively by endoscopic sphincterotomy are described. Three of these had had choledochojejunostomy previously and the other inadvertent choledochoduodenostomy at prior common duct exploration. Cholangitic symptoms or biliary obstruction disappeared and the patients have been well for periods ranging from 2 to 5.5 years. Endoscopic sphincterotomy can eliminate the stasis area of the common duct distal to the lateral anastomosis, obviating relaparotomy, and may deserve first consideration in patients with the sump syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Antibacterial activities of cefotiam against various causative organisms isolated from clinical materials (author's transl)].

Antibacterial activities of cefotiam (CTM), cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) against various causative organisms isolated from clinical materials were investigated. CTM showed excellent antibacterial activities against Gram negative bacilli. Especially against E. coli and Klebsiella, CTM showed superior antibacterial activities to other antibiotics, CMZ and CEZ. The MICs of CTM against Serratia and Enterobacter dispersed very widely, but showed small values comparing with CMZ and CEZ. The antibacterial activity of CTM against P. mirabilis was slightly superior to that of CMZ, but against P. vulgaris was rather inferior to that of CMZ. However, these 3 antibiotics, CTM, CMZ and CEZ, showed slightly less active against non-glucose-fermentation bacilli.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

[Migration of subduro-peritoneal shunt into the subdural space of an infant (author's transl)].

A ten-month-old baby was admitted to our clinic with the diagnosis of bilateral chronic subdural hematomas. He had complained of general convulsion during the past 3 months. Evacuation of hematomas was performed on both sides through burr holes in the parietal region. Several weeks following the evacuation of hematomas, subduroperitoneal (S-P) shunting operation was further performed bilaterally for the collection of fluid in the subdural spaces, using a "Pudenz" shunting catheter with a reservoir. The catheter was fixed at the connector of the reservoir and the peritoneal catheter by several silk sutures to the epicranium. Three weeks after S-P shunting operation the right shunting system was not felt on his head on palpation, and the abnormal high density spots were shown inside the right subdural space on CT. The right craniotomy revealed that the whole shunting system was located in the right subdural space. Technical problems of the shunting operation and the several factors of the patient which may contribute to such a rare complication of this surgical procedure are briefly discussed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1981

CT scan of pituitary adenomas.

CT scan is an extremely useful, almost harmless means of diagnosing pituitary adenomas. Growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenomas tent to have higher absorption coefficient on plain CT than the nonfunctioning and prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenomas. The absorption coefficient on contrasting enhanced CT does not identify the specific type of adenoma. Ring-like enhancement was observed in five nonfunctioning and four PRL-secreting adenomas with suprasellar extension, while cystic components were observed in four nonfunctioning and four PRL-secreting adenomas. In three of ten cases of PRL-microadenomas, the site corresponding to the adenoma was not enhanced, whereas the normal pituitary was. A correlation exists between the size of PRL-secreting adenoma and the serum PRL level, but not between the size of GH-secreting adenomas and the serum GH level.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1981

Improved visualization of intrahepatic bile ducts by endoscopic retrograde balloon catheter cholangiography.

In seven patients with a patulous sphincter of Oddi, choledochoduodenal fistula, previous sphincterotomy, sphincteroplasty or bilioenteric anastomosis in which standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) with a #5 French catheter failed to visualize intrahepatic ducts sufficiently due to a backflow of contrast into the duodenum, ERC was attempted via a balloon catheter to prevent escape of contrast. The results were compared with those using a #7 French catheter. In contrast to the latter, which gave only insufficient filling of hepatic ducts, the former permitted full visualization in all cases. Consequently, intrahepatic stones were demonstrated in three patients, and bile duct changes consistent with carcinoma in another. The absence of hepatic lesions was confirmed in the remaining three patients. No adverse reactions were experienced. It is concluded that the use of a balloon catheter constitutes an effective aid in ERC for the diagnosis of hepatic lesions in selected cases where conventional ERC fails.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical use of pentoxifylline in haemorrhagic disorders of the retina.

The clinical effect of pentoxifylline, given orally at doses of 300 mg to 600 mg for 3 months, was studied in 20 patients (23 eyes) with retinal haemorrhage caused by disturbances of retinal circulation, i.e. branch and/or total obstruction of the central retinal vein, obstruction of the central retinal artery, diabetic retinopathy and polycytaemic retinopathy. Twenty-two similar patients (27 eyes) formed a control group and were treated primarily with conventional fibrinolytic agents only. It was found that in the group treated with pentoxifylline, there was significantly earlier absorption of the haemorrhage and significantly less appearance of neovascularization. In some cases, prominent improvement of the arm-to-retina circulation time and a marked decrease in avascular areas were obtained. The difference in the improvement of visual acuity between the group treated with pentoxifylline and controls was less pronounced. Screening tests for haemorrhagic disorders were carried out in the group treated with pentoxifylline before and after administration. No side-effects causing haemorrhagic disorders were found. These results suggest that pentoxifylline is effective in preventing retinal or intra-vitreal neovascularization caused by retinal ischaemia and in hastening recovery from these diseases.

Adult↗