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Biomedical subjects

H Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to H Yoshida.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Difference in expression of epithelial adhesion molecules between primary and metastatic lesions in small-cell lung cancer].

One crucial step in tumor metastasis is detachment of cells from the primary lesion. This involves down-regulation of homophilic binding intercellular adhesion molecules. To determine whether this occurs in metastasis of human small-cell lung cancer to lymph nodes, we examined expression of E-cadherin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NACM) on cells from patients with small-cell lung cancer, some cells were obtained from primary lesions and others from lymph-node metastases. Cells in all of the five lines from primary lesions expressed E-cadherin, unlike those in all of the five lines from lymph-node metastases. Cells in all of the five lines from primary lesions expressed CEA, as did those in only one of the five cell lines from lymph-node metastases. Cells in lines from primary and metastatic lesions did not differ in the expression of NCAM (4/5 positive). Expression of E-cadherin and of CEA were closely correlated. Because E-cadherin and CEA are involved in the binding of epithelial cells, these findings demonstrate that metastasis of small-cell lung cancer to lymph nodes is associated with a lack of the epithelial intercellular adhesion molecules E-cadherin and CEA. The expression of these molecules is involved in the metastasis of small-cell lung cancer to lymph nodes.

Cadherins↗
PubMed1996

Association of Helicobacter pylori and diffuse type gastric cancer.

The major purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori and diffuse type gastric cancer (DGC) clinicopathologically (study 1). The second aim was to investigate genetic differences of H. pylori in patients with DGC and intestinal type cancer (IGC) (study 2). The prevalence of H. pylori and the types of histopathological changes were evaluated in resected early gastric cancer (DGC; 25 patients, IGC; 25 patients). Genetic differences of H. pylori in DGC patients (n = 19) and IGC patients (n = 22) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in terms of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the ureB gene and cagA gene positive rates. All patients had evidence of H. pylori infection in the resected stomach, but the positive rate for H. pylori in the area surrounding cancer was 52% (in DGC; 56%, IGC; 48%). But in 40.0% of DGC cases (10/25), mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were rarely seen in the area surrounding cancer and the positive rate of H. pylori was 80.0% (8/10), in contrast, in 60.0% of IGC cases (15/25), atrophy and metaplasia were progressed and positive rate of H. pylori was 26.7% (4/15) in the area. UreB gene products from 89.5% of DGC cases (17/19) were unable to be digested by Spe I. 31.8% of products from IGC cases (7/22) were also unable to be digested by Spe I, but the positive rate of cagA gene in this group was higher than other groups. The high prevalence of H. pylori infection in DGC patients suggests that H. pylori plays a role in the pathogenesis of DGC, but in the stomach with DGC, it is considered atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are not so implicated in H. pylori, compared with IGC. A genetic specificity of H. pylori in DGC and IGC was indicated by the results, suggesting that H. pylori may play different roles in the pathogenesis of DGC and IGC.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[Solitary plasmacytoma of sternum--a case report and review of the Japanese literature].

A 39-year-old woman complained of anterior chest pain. A lateral chest X-ray film showed destruction of bone in the body of sternum. CT scan showed a soft tissue density within the sternum. Serum protein electropheresis revealed mild monoclonal gammopathy of IgG-kappa, but the urine contained no Bence-Jones protein. A biopsy specimen showed plasmacytoma with cytoplasmic Ig IgG-kappa. Bone scintigraphy and systemic bone roentgenography revealed only the lesion in the sternum. Sternal subtotal resectin was performed. The defect of the anterior chest wall was reconstructed with double folded marlex mesh and pedicles from the major pectoral muscle. Iliac bone marrow aspiration revealed no evidence of myeloma. There was no serum evidence of monoclonal gammopathy two months after the operation. Therefore, the final diagnosis was solitary plasmacytoma of the sternum. It is now 41 months since surgery, and there have been no signs of fecurrence. Long term follow up is necessary in this case.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[MR imaging and dynamic MR imaging].

The rapid progress in both hardware and software of MR imaging technique are now going to continue. This article contains brief answers to the clinical usefulness of the ultrafast- and fast-imaging techniques involving EPI, FSE or TSE and MP-RAGE, and it also contains phased-array coil system and respiratory-gated imaging technique. The high-spatial-resolution. T2-weighted images provide us fine and exact anatomical information about lesions, tissues and organs and the high-time-resolution T1-weighted imaging studies using extracellular or hepatobiliary contrast agents provide us more exact functional information about those.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1996

Correlation between intrasinusoidal neutrophilic infiltration and ceroid-lipofuscinosis in alcoholic liver fibrosis with or without fatty change: clinicopathological comparison with nutritional fatty liver.

A histopathological study was conducted on alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change (21 cases) and alcoholic liver fibrosis without fatty change (18 cases) in comparison with nutritional fatty liver (27 cases). The diagnoses of alcoholic liver fibrosis groups were clinically fulfilled according to the criteria established by the Alcohol and Liver Research Group (Chief: Professor Takeuchi) of the Ministry of Education of Japan. Histological diagnosis of alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change was based on moderate and/or greater fatty metamorphosis of the hepatic lobules, alcoholic liver fibrosis without fatty change on a lesser degree of fatty metamorphosis than alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change, and nutritional fatty liver on clinicopathological features. All 66 cases were negative for viral markers of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus in serum. Intrasinusoidal neutrophil infiltrations were significant in cases of alcoholic liver fibrosis groups more often than in cases of nutritional fatty liver. The degree of intrasinusoidal neutrophil infiltration in cases of alcoholic liver fibrosis groups was higher in cases who had last consumed alcohol recently, compared with those with longer abstinence. In alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change and nutritional fatty liver groups, mild-to-moderate degrees of ceroid-lipofuscinosis were recognized, but both fatty change and ceroid-lipofuscinosis were decreased according to the deterioration of fibrotic changes in alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change cases. On the other hand, it is significant that the frequency of ceroid-lipofuscinosis in alcoholic liver fibrosis without the fatty change group was lower than those of the alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change and nutritional fatty liver groups. Distribution of ceroid-lipofuscinosis has a tendency to be recognized around the central zone (zone III) of alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change cases with mild fibrosis, as in nutritional fatty liver cases, and the ceroid-lipofuscinosis disperses with the progression of fibrosis. These results suggest that fibrosis and fatty droplet deposition lead to microvascular heterogeneity. Therefore, the degree and distribution of fatty droplets, ceroid-lipofuscinosis, and intrasinusoidal neutrophil infiltration differ, depending on the etiology of fatty liver, and are an important histopathological barometer in cases of alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change and alcoholic liver fibrosis without fatty change, thus indicating the degree of fibrosis and the period since last alcohol intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Safety and effectiveness of exercise training in patients with silent myocardial ischemia.

The effectiveness of exercise training in patients with silent myocardial ischemia was examined. Forty patients with coronary heart disease (mean age 55 +/- 8 years) were recruited for a 12-week exercise training program. All patients underwent treadmill exercise stress testing, exercise thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography and left heart catheterization. They were divided into three groups based on the symptoms and the results of exercise thallium scintigraphy, i.e., painful myocardial ischemia (PMI group), silent myocardial ischemia (SMI group), and non-myocardial ischemia (NMI group). Normalized treadmill time was longer in the SMI group (108 +/- 24%) than in the PMI group (86 +/- 14%, p < 0.05). All 40 patients, 14 from the PMI group, 16 from the SMI group and 10 from the NMI group, completed the whole exercise training program. A significant prolongation of treadmill time was attained in all three groups after exercise training [PMI group: from 494 +/- 105 to 632 +/- 78 sec (p < 0.05), SMI group: from 609 +/- 147 to 746 +/- 137 sec (p < 0.05), NMI group: from 572 +/- 112 to 739 +/- 13 sec (p < 0.05)]. The improvement of myocardial ischemia following exercise training was similar in the SMI and PMI groups. No adverse effects were detected throughout the program. The exercise training program adopted in this study proved safe and effective in patients with silent myocardial ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of a prenylamine analog (MG8926) on spontaneous action potentials in isolated rabbit sinoatrial node.

Effects of verapamil, prenylamine and a prenylamine analog, MG8926 on the intracellular spontaneous action potentials recorded from the isolated rabbit sinoatrial (SA) node were studied. Verapamil (1 microM), a selective inhibitor for slow Ca2+ channels, prolonged the cycle length, decreased the rate of diastolic depolarization, the rate of rise of action potential, the amplitude of action potential and the maximal diastolic potential, and usually arrested showing subthreshold fluctuation of the membrane potential within several ten min. Prenylamine (10 microM), a nonselective inhibitor for slow Ca2+ channels, tended to prolong the cycle length to decrease the diastolic depolarization, the rate of rise of action potential, the amplitude of action potential. However, these changes were statistically insignificant. Prenylamine at the concentration of 10 microM had no effect on the maximal diastolic potential. MG8926 (10 microM) prolonged the cycle length, decreased the rate of diastolic depolarization, the rate of rise of action potential and tended to decrease the amplitude of action potential. MG8926 at the concentration of 10 microM had almost no effect on the maximal diastolic potential. The present findings may indicate that replacement of phenyl residue of prenylamine by cyclohexyl residue increases the inhibitory action on the slow Ca2+ channels in rabbit SA node.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Longitudinal changes of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in Japanese young adults.

Longitudinal changes of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in 275 Japanese university students were investigated through use of questionnaires in 1990 and in 1994. A comparison of the 1990 responses with the 1994 responses revealed that the prevalences of temporomandibular joint sounds, mouth opening restriction, and pain significantly increased from 28.7% to 49.8%, from 12.7% to 22.5%, and from 7.6% to 18.5%, respectively. The increase in the prevalence of symptoms mainly resulted for students who did not have symptoms of temporomandibular disorders at the first examination. Subjects who had been frequently aware of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders showed a tendency toward a decrease in their frequency of awareness. Although 66 students (24.0%) reported discomfort from symptoms of temporomandibular disorders during the period, only three (1.1%) visited medical facilities to receive treatment. These results suggest that symptoms of temporomandibular disorders evaluated through the use of questionnaires are longitudinally fluctuant, and that few students developed temporomandibular disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cloning and characterization of the mitochondrial HSP60-encoding gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We report the isolation and characterization of a gene (designated mcp60) encoding the mitochondrial (mt) 60-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP60) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The deduced amino-acid sequence (582 aa) of this gene is highly similar to the known mt HSP60 from diverse organisms. When its sequence was related to the known functional domains of bacterial HSP60 (GroEL), the similarity was particularly high for the intermediate domains that connect the apical domain with the equatorial domain. The mRNA level of mcp60 increased several-fold upon temperature upshift (from 25 to 35 degrees C), while gradually decreased during sporulation. Gene disruption experiments revealed that mcp60 is essential for cell viability at all temperatures.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

RNA polymerase II transcribes Dictyostelium untranslatable gene, dutA, specifically in the developmental phase.

In Dictyostelium discoideum, a novel type of RNA (dutA RNA), which is untranslatable, cytosolic and 1.3 kb in size, appears specifically after the aggregation stage [Yoshida, H. et al. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 41-46]. We here show that the dutA gene is transcribed by RNA polymerase II, based on its alpha-amanitin sensitive nature of in vitro transcriptional activity. We also show that the stage-specific accumulation of dutA RNA is primarily due to the stage-specific enhancement of the transcriptional activity of the gene.

Amanitins↗
PubMed1995

Development of TCR-gamma delta CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha but not TCR-alpha beta CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha i-IEL is resistant to cyclosporin A.

Present evidence suggests that cyclosporin A (CSA) inhibits the development of both alpha beta and gamma delta T cells in the thymus. However, whether CSA can inhibit the development of murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (i-IEL) is unknown as most i-IEL are clearly derived from a different lineage than the conventional thymus-derived T cells found in the periphery. Using the adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated bone-marrow reconstituted chimera (ATXBM mice) as a model for the development of extrathymically derived i-IEL and the fetal thymus-grafted (FTG) nude mice as a model for the development of thymically derived i-IEL, we demonstrate that CSA nearly completely inhibited the development of extrathymically, and possibly thymically, derived TCR-alpha beta i-IEL. Most of the TCR-alpha beta i-IEL whose development was inhibited by CSA belonged to the CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha subset. In contrast, the development of extrathymically and thymically derived TCR-gamma delta i-IEL was completely resistant to CSA. The phenotype of CSA-resistant TCR-gamma delta i-IEL in these models was not different from those in control mice, and the TCR-gamma delta i-IEL in CSA-treated mice appear to be mature and activated as most were large, granular, and CD69+. Lastly, we demonstrate that CSA does not affect the extrathymic positive selection of V delta 4 i-IEL in C3H hosts. These results suggest that despite their similarity, the intracellular activation cascade involved after TCR stimulation between TCR-alpha beta CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha and TCR-gamma delta CD4-CD8+ alpha alpha i-IEL are markedly different.

Animals↗