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Biomedical subjects

H Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to H Yoshida.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Disorders of potassium metabolism in hemodialysis patients].

The fecal K concentration and the K-flux activity of erythrocytes were examined to investigate the role of extrarenal K excretion and K transport in peripheral tissue cells in hemodialysis patients. The fecal K concentration of hemodialysis patients was increased significantly(p < 0.01) compared to that of healthy subjects. The K-flux activity of erythrocytes and the serum K concentration correlated negatively(r = -0.482, p < 0.01) in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients, but did not correlate in diabetic hemodialysis patients. K-flux activity and Kt/V for urea correlated significantly(r = 0.412, p < 0.05). The K-flux activity of erythrocytes collected after hemodialysis therapy significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with that of erythrocytes collected before therapy. We speculated that the K-flux activity of various cells including erythrocytes participates in the regulation of serum K in hemodialysis patients and that the inhibitory factors on K-flux activity are removed partially by hemodialysis therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Microbial contamination of water-soaked cotton gauze and its cause.

Seven in-use cotton gauze samples and three cotton balls soaked in sterile distilled water in canisters were investigated 7 days after they were prepared in hospital. All samples were contaminated with bacteria including 10(6) to 10(7) colony forming units/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro viability tests using cotton gauze and cotton balls soaked in sterile distilled water revealed rapid proliferation of P. aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Candida albicans. Since the cotton gauze and the cotton balls were soaked in water containing nutrients, such as protein and glucose, these materials may be readily contaminated with bacteria including P. aeruginosa. Thus, when using cotton gauze and cotton balls containing water, microbial contamination should be expected.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed2001

Identification of rat urinary and biliary metabolites of esonarimod, a novel antirheumatic drug, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with postcolumn addition of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, a signal-enhancing modifier.

The biotransformation of esonarimod (KE-298) [(+/-)-2-acetylthiomethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid], a new antirheumatic drug, was investigated in rats. Urinary and biliary excretions within 24 h after oral administration of 5 mg/kg [(14)C]esonarimod accounted for 89 and 10% of the dose, respectively. Initial metabolite analysis by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with negative ion mode, in which a mobile phase of 20 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.6)/methanol with gradient-elution mode was used, failed to obtain any structural information on most of the metabolites due to poor sensitivity. To overcome this problem, postcolumn addition of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, a powerful signal-enhancing modifier, to the mobile phase was used, allowing pronounced signal enhancement and structural elucidation of urinary and biliary metabolites. The results of metabolite analysis suggested that esonarimod is predominantly biotransformed to a pharmacologically active metabolite, thiol-containing deacetyl-esonarimod (M-I), and subsequently undergoes extensive metabolism, mainly S-methylation followed by the combination of S-oxidation and oxidative conversion of the aromatic methyl group. No disulfide metabolites, such as M-I-cysteine mixed disulfide and M-I-dimer, were found in the excreta. This finding is probably evidence supporting the notion that the reactivity of the thiol moiety of M-I with macromolecules in vivo is extremely lower than that of common thiol-containing drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Pleural effusion and eosinophilia associated with Metagonimus yokogawai infection].

We encountered a patient with a mild fever and chest discomfort in whom right pleural effusion and eosinophilia (48%) had developed. Parasite eggs were found in the feces, and metagonimiasis was diagnosed. The pleural fluid contained many Charcot-Leyden crystals, suggesting active eosinophilic inflammation. Metagonimus yokogawai usually occurs as a gastrointestinal parasite and causes only mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. Most cases of metagonimiasis resolve spontaneously. However, the main manifestation of metagonimiasis in our patient was pleural effusion. Some cases of idiopathic eosinophilic pleural effusion of unknown origin resolve spontaneously, as in our patient. Patients who are therefore considered to have idiopathic pleural effusion may include those with transient parasitic infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of cyclic plasma perfusion on apoptosis regulatory proteins in primary tumors of VX2-carcinoma-bearing rabbits.

Although the mechanism of cancer cachexia is unknown, in previous studies we reported that cyclic plasma perfusion through non-coated charcoal was effective in preventing cancer cachexia. In the present study we investigated the effect of cyclic plasma perfusion on VX2 carcinoma. Sixteen tumor-bearing rabbits were divided into two groups: i) a group subjected to cyclic plasma perfusion (n=8, group PP) and ii) a group subjected to sham-perfusion (n=8, group SP), and changes in body weight, tumor size, and morphological findings were investigated. Body weight loss and tumor growth were significantly suppressed in group PP. The tumor cells in group PP showed apoptosis and a high Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and the survival rate was significantly higher than in group SP. These results suggest that cyclic plasma perfusion is effective not only in preventing cancer cachexia but in suppressing tumor growth and improving outcome.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[A case of a multiple sclerosis with severe perifocal edema].

We present a case of tumoral multiple sclerosis in a 66-year-old male and emphasize two clinical features: (1) Multiple well-demarcated massive enhanced lesions except for the central area, which was accompanied with severe perifocal edema, occurred within the cerebral hemispheres and should be strongly considered in the diagnosis of mass lesions. The patient underwent partial removal of the mass lesion. The initial histopathological diagnosis of the surgical specimen was astrocytoma grade II. (2) Multiple lesions disappeared completely for one and half months after starting medication using steroid. The reexamination of the surgical specimen was compatible with that of multiple sclerosis. Again, half a month after remission, multiple enhanced lesions without perifocal edema developed in the cerebral and cerebellar hemisphere. The difficulty of the initial diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with severe perifocal edema was discussed, based on our experience.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[A case of pneumonectomy for lung cancer associated with scleroderma].

A 60-year-old female, diagnosed as scleroderma, was referred to our hospital because of symptoms of common cold and abnormal findings on a chest X-ray. The chest X-ray and CT scan revealed a mass in the left upper field, suspected to invade left anterior chest wall. Moreover, fibrotic changes were observed in the lung field. Cytology by bronchofiberscopy showed squamous cell carcinoma. Evaluation of pulmonary function, including unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion test (UPAO), revealed possibility of lung resection. Subsequently, pneumonectomy with combined resection of left 1st rib was performed. Postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged. She was admitted again four months after the operation with appetite loss and body weight loss. Further examinations revealed arrhythmia, renal failure, pancreatitis and liver metastasis. Her general conditions grew worse and she died five months after the operation. In conclusion, UPAO was a useful method to determine the functional lung resectability for the case with scleroderma. However, effects of surgical stress for the development of scleroderma remain to be elucidated.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2001

[Rheumatoid factor].

To know the present situation of rheumatoid factor(RF) measurements, the questionnaire was sent to 82 University or College hospitals in Japan and regional 133 hospitals in Fukushima prefecture. Evaluation of qualitative RF kits commercially purchased in Japan was also performed. In RF measurement, quantitative methods have been increasingly used compared with semiquantitative or qualitative methods. Among quantitative RF measurement methods, latex immunoassay including latex-turbidimetry and latex-nephelometry is most frequently used. The reference values of RF distributed widely ranging from 5 to 40 unit. The 1997 JMA survey still showed interlaboratory differences in quantitative RF measurement. Qualitative RF kits were also shown to have variety of reactivities. To promote the improvement of current situation in RF measurement, "arbitrary" reference materials should be established urgently.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2001

Influence of alcohol intake on risk for increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in middle-aged Japanese men.

BACKGROUND: Decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in chronic alcoholics is well known. However, the importance of light to moderate alcohol consumption is less certain. METHODS: We investigated the association of alcohol intake with risk for increased LDL cholesterol over 5 years in a cohort of 933 Japanese male office workers aged 35 to 54 years who had LDL cholesterol levels less than 140 mg/dl and were not taking medication for dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, liver disease, or hyperuricemia at study entry. Incident-increased LDL cholesterol was defined by an LDL cholesterol level of 140 mg/dl or more or use of medication for dyslipidemia. Each individual's slope for LDL cholesterol was also calculated with a simple linear regression model. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-one men developed increased LDL cholesterol during 3785 person-years of follow-up. After controlling for potential predictors of increased LDL cholesterol, the relative risk for increased LDL cholesterol compared with nondrinkers was 0.89 for those who drank 0.1 to 22.9 g/day of ethanol, 0.74 for those who drank 23.0 to 45.9 g/day of ethanol, 0.64 for those who drank 46.0 to 59.9 g/day of ethanol, and 0.54 for those who drank 69.0 g/day or more of ethanol (p < 0.001). Slopes of LDL cholesterol level decreased significantly as alcohol intake increased. From multiple linear regression analyses, alcohol intake remained as an independent negative factor for slopes of LDL cholesterol level. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol intake is negatively associated with development of increased LDL cholesterol in middle-aged Japanese men.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 institutions in Japan were supplied between the period of August 1999 to July 2000. Then, the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. The number of them were 499 strains. The breakdown of these strains was Gram-positive bacteria as 31.3% and Gram-negative bacteria as 68.7%. Susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; vancomycin (VCM), ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM) showed strong activities against Enterococcus faecalis. The increase of low-susceptible strains which was noticed in the former year showed a slight recovery in this year. VCM showed a strong activity against MRSA preventing growth of all strains with 1 microgram/ml. In addition, the activity of arbekacin (ABK) was also strong with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml against MRSA. However, MSSA and MRSA showing low susceptibilities were detected in one strain each (MIC: 16 micrograms/ml and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively). Carbapenems showed high activities against Citrobacter freundii and Escherichia coli. Meropenem (MEPM) prevented growth of all strains within 0.125 microgram/ml. Quinolone resistant E. coli decreased in this year compared with those in the last year, that percentage was less than 5%. Almost all drugs showed strong activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. MEPM and carumonam (CRMN) prevented growth of all strains within 0.125 microgram/ml. On the other hand, one strain of K. pneumoniae showing resistance to cefaclor (CCL) and one strain of P. mirabilis showing low susceptibility to most of cephems were detected. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, almost drugs were not so active. The MIC90s of carbapenems were 8 micrograms/ml and those of all other drugs were more than 16 micrograms/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). II. Background of patients].

Five-hundred forty four bacterial strains isolated from 412 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 institutions in Japan were supplied between the period of August 1999 to July 2000. Then, the clinical background of patients were investigated such as sex, age and type of infections, infections and kind of bacteria, frequency of isolation of bacteria by age and infections, bacteria and infections by timing of administration of antibiotics, and bacteria and infections by surgical procedures. About the relationship between age and sex of patients and type of infections, the number of male patients aged less than 50 years was few, and complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was the most frequent. In females, the number of patients aged less than 20 years was few. Complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was the most frequent among female patients aged between 40 to 59 years, in other age groups, uncomplicated UTIs was most frequent. As for type of infections and kind of bacteria, Escherichia coli decreased when the infections became complicated, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis increased when the infection became complicated. Considering this result by age of patients, isolation frequency of E. coli was gradually decreased with aging in patients aged more than 20 years with uncomplicated UTIs or complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter. The isolation frequencies of E. faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus were gradually increased with aging in complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter. In patients with complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, there was no difference between age group, and P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were frequently isolated. As for type of causative organisms in UTIs before and after the administration of antibiotics, the isolation of bacteria was remarkably decreased after administration in patients with uncomplicated UTIs and complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter. E. coli decreased after administration of antibiotics, and P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis increased after administration in patients with all infections. As for type of causative organisms in UTIs and surgical procedures, E. coli were more frequently isolated in patients with uncomplicated UTIs when surgical procedures were experienced. Also, Klebsiella spp. and E. faecalis were more frequently isolated in patients with surgical procedures. However, in complicated UTIs, type of causative organisms had no relationship with surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

The bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 institutions in Japan were supplied between the period of August 1999 to July 2000. Then, the susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were examined and the results were compared with those obtained between 1991 and 1998. Comparison was made by classifying strains isolated from patients into those with uncomplicated UTIs and those with complicated UTIs (including with or without indwelling catheter). About E. faecalis, increase of low sensitive strains noted in the former year showed a decreasing tendency, however, one strain each with MIC of 4 micrograms/ml to vancomycin (VCM) was detected in patients with both uncomplicated and complicated UTIs. As for S. aureus, many sensitive strains to cephems, imipenem (IPM) and VCM were noted, and each MIC50 was better than that in the former years. S. aureus strains showing low susceptibility to arbekacin (ABK) were detected in patients with complicated UTIs in this year as well as in the former year, and one strain each with MIC of 16 micrograms/ml and 32 micrograms/ml was detected. Susceptibilities of E. coli were effective to all drugs except for penicillins and minocycline (MINO). Decrease of low sensitive strains was also noted in all drugs except for quinolones. Each MIC90 of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and sparfloxacin (SPFX) in patients with complicated UTIs against E. coli was 3 degrees classes lower than that in patients with uncomplicated UTIs. As for Klebsiella pneumoniae, decrease of low sensitive strains to cephems was noted in patients with uncomplicated UTIs in 1998. In 1999, low sensitive strains decreased also in patients with complicated UTIs, and few were detected. Susceptibilities of K. pneumoniae to quinolones were effective as compared with those in the former years with the MIC80s of 0.125 microgram/ml or below without detection of low sensitive strains. One low sensitive strain of K. pneumoniae with MIC of 8 micrograms/ml was detected for gentamicin (GM). Susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems were notable. The MIC90 of meropenem (MEPM) and IPM was 4 micrograms/ml each which was 2 degrees better than that in 1998. Resistant P. aeruginosa strains to other drugs except for monobactams decreased in 1999.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Grafting of encapsulated genetically modified cells secreting GDNF into the striatum of parkinsonian model rats.

In order to deliver glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) into the brain, we have established a cell line that produces GDNF in a continuous fashion by genetic engineering. These cells were encapsulated and grafted into parkinsonian model rats that had received unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine 2 weeks earlier. Neurochemical analysis showed that GDNF has been produced from the capsule for 6 months after grafting and histological analysis revealed good survival of GDNF-producing cells in the capsule 6 months after grafting. The density of nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers in the striatum as well as the number of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra recovered significantly after GDNF-producing cell grafting. These results suggest the possible application of GDNF-producing cell grafting for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Neurotrophic factor-secreting cell grafting for cerebral ischemia: preliminary report.

In this experiment, we examined a possible protective effect of encapsulated neurotrophic factor-secreting cell grafting for ischemic injury. We established a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-secreting cell line by genetic manipulation. We enveloped these cells into polymer capsules, which consist of a semipermeable membrane, and implanted them into the right striatum of rats. At 6 days after implantation, these rats received right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using interluminal suture technique. At 24 h after MCAO, rats were sacrificed and their cerebral infarction volume was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and image analysis. We found approximately 30% reduction in infarct volume in the encapsulated bFGF-secreting cell grafting groups vs. the encapsulated naive BHK cell grafting group or the without implantation group. We measured bFGF secretion from encapsulated bFGF-secreting cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The retrieved capsules continued to secrete bFGF. There was no significant difference of bFGF secretion between the capsules before and after transplantation. A large number of viable BHK-bFGF cells was observed within the full length of the retrieved capsule. These results indicate that encapsulated bFGF-secreting cell grafting exerts a protective effect on ischemic injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Incidence and prognosis of, and risk factors for the home-bound in a community elderly population].

This longitudinal study examined numbers of homebound and bed bound individuals over time, and risk factors in a rural community elderly populations. A total of 731 older persons who needed no assistance of another person in traveling from their homes participated in the baseline survey in 1992 and were assessed annually for their ability to travel for subsequent six-years. We defined operationally a homebound status as the necessity for assistance of another person to be able to leave home, but without being bedbound. During the follow-up period, 86 homebound (23.7 per 1,000 person-years) and 32 bedbound cases (8.4 per 1,000 person-years) were noted, the former being 2.8 times more likely to occur. Of the newly bound cases 26% returned to a state capable of leaving home by themselves one year later, and maintained this independent living level even two years later. Of the other cases who remained as homebound or bedbound one year later, only one (1/31) had returned to independent living after two years; most of them became bedbound at home, hospital admitted or deceased. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for the homebound include older age, male gender, slower walking speed, history of hospital admission in the previous year, lower masticatory ability, and higher level of serum beta 2-microglobin. These results indicate that health promotion programs for prevention of becoming homebound among community elderly people should target more intensively assistance to maintaining walking and masticatory ability. In addition, public health professionals should pay more attention to elderly people shortly after hospital discharge.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

A case of renal ptosis treated with hochu-ekki-to with improvement confirmed by excretory urography.

A 59-year-old woman visited our clinic with complaints of right back dull pain. Excretory urography showed bilateral renal ptosis (a 6 cm decrease in position of the right kidney and a 5 cm decrease of the left kidney). She was treated with 7.5 g/day of Hochu-ekki-to. After 6 months, her symptoms improved and after 8 months excretory urography showed a 3 cm decrease in the position of both kidneys. Hochu-ekki-to might be useful for the conservative therapy of renal ptosis.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗