Effect of luminal administration of glutamine to suppress preservation graft injury in small bowel transplants.
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Alanine↗
Biomedical subjects
H Yokoi
Publications and source records attributed to H Yokoi.
A case of primary glucocorticoid resistance.
A 79-year-old woman developed hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis after breast cancer surgery. She was suspected of having primary glucocorticoid resistance on the basis of high plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels without the features of Cushing's syndrome. To clarify the end-organ resistance to cortisol, we characterized the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in cultured skin fibroblasts from the patient. The GRs in whole cell assays decreased binding affinity (Kd = 11.1 +/- 0.6 nM) and the number of binding sites for [3H]dexamethasone (binding capacity was 15,600 +/- 1,255 sites per cell). These results strongly suggest that our patient had primary glucocorticoid resistance caused both by a decreased number of GRs and a reduction in the affinity of GRs to cortisol.
Aged↗
Prevention of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by reducing lipoprotein (a) levels with low-density lipoprotein apheresis. Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis Angioplasty Restenosis Trial (L-ART) Group.
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that high plasma lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) levels are associated with an increase incidence of restenosis after angioplasty. Elective transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in 66 patients (58 men and 8 women) aged 57 +/- 9 years (mean +/- SD). Two days before and 5 days after angioplasty, all patients underwent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis with a dextran sulfate cellulose column as an Lp(a) absorbent; 39 patients also received 10 mg of pravastatin and 1,500 mg of niacin daily. Restenosis was defined as a recurrent luminal stenosis of > or = 50% in a previously dilated segment. Median Lp(a) levels were reduced from 23.3 mg/dl before apheresis to 10.9 mg/dl after apheresis (p < 0.0001). Angiography performed 2 to 9 months after angioplasty revealed restenosis in at least 1 site in 38% of the 137 control patients and in 32% of the 66 patients who underwent apheresis. Restenosis also occurred in 37% of the patients who underwent apheresis alone and in 28% of the patients who also received pravastatin and niacin in combination with LDL apheresis. The restenosis rate was 21% in the 42 patients whose Lp(a) levels were significantly reduced > or = 50%, and in 50% of the 24 patients whose Lp(a) levels were significantly reduced < 50% (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Experimental and theoretical study of magnetodonors in GaAs and InP at megagauss fields.
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Journal Article↗
Isolation of expressed sequences encoded by the human Xq terminal portion using microclone probes generated by laser microdissection.
The genes that cause a variety of neurologic and neuromuscular disorders have been mapped to the distal region of Xq. In an effort to isolate genes from this area, a regional genomic library of the distal 30% of Xq was constructed from a single metaphase spread by means of laser microdissection and single unique primer-polymerase chain reaction. Using pooled probes of 1000 clones from the genomic library, human brain cDNA libraries were screened for expressed sequences encoded by this region. From the 250,000 cDNA clones screened so far, 10 nonoverlapping sequences that mapped back to the target portion were isolated. The complete nucleotide sequences of these cDNA clones have been determined. Analysis of the sequences indicates that none has significant similarity to previously characterized primate genes. One sequence mapping to Xq27.3-qter contained an open reading frame of 281 amino acids and was expressed in every tissue tested. This gene, as well as others isolated in this manner, may prove to be a candidate gene for heritable disorders mapping to this region.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biphasic and differential expression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase genes of radish during seed germination and senescence of cotyledons.
Three structurally distinct cDNA clones for cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) were isolated from libraries prepared from senescing radish cotyledons. Northern blot analysis showed that transcripts from two of the three genes encoding GS1, Gln1;1 and Gln1;3, accumulated in the cotyledons during both dark-induced and natural senescence. Transcripts from the last gene, Gln1;2, remained at a low level during both processes. Transcripts from all three Gln1 genes accumulated in cotyledons of germinating seeds. We infer from these findings that GS1 enzymes function in both germination and senescence to convert ammonium to glutamine to remobilize nitrogen from source to sink organs. We have also examined the pattern of expression of these genes in different tissues. All three genes are expressed in roots. A large amount of transcripts from Gln1;1 accumulated in hypocotyls. Whereas none were transcribed in flowers. During dark-induced senescence of cotyledons, application of inorganic nitrogen delayed chlorophyll degradation. Inorganic nitrogen enhanced the accumulation of Gln1;1 transcripts, but decreased those of Gln1;3. In contrast, application of glutamine promoted yellowing of cotyledons during the dark treatment, and slightly increased the amounts of transcripts from Gln1;3 but decreased those of Gln1;1. Transcription of the three Gln1 genes appears, therefore, to be differentially regulated in radish cotyledons during senescence and germination.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
The effect of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was evaluated in 149 resected cases, 83.2% of which were associated with liver cirrhosis. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 60.1% and 39.4%, respectively. The mortality rate was 4.1%. In patients aged over 70 years, liver cirrhosis was found in 53.3% of cases and the mortality rate was 6.7%. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 50.8% and 33.9%, respectively. Factors that significantly affected survival for more than 5 years were a tumor size of less than 3 cm, Stage I disease, vp(-), IMo, and diploid type. The 5-year survival rate for patients with a single tumor of 3 cm or less was 54.2%, regardless of the surgical procedure. All 15 patients with a solitary tumor of 2 cm or less (Stage I, small liver tumor) were alive with a 5-year survival rate of 100%. The problem is the treatment of patients with a tumor measuring 3-5 cm in diameter and associated liver cirrhosis, because their prognosis after surgery is the worst. HrS (subsegmentectomy) is the minimal procedure of limited hepatectomy for these cases with postoperative multidisciplinary therapy.
Adult↗
Effectiveness of LDL-apheresis in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA): LDL-apheresis angioplasty restenosis trial (L-ART).
To investigate the efficacy of reducing plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) as well as low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels on the prevention of restenosis after PTCA, LDL-apheresis was attempted on a total of 54 patients at six institutions. LDL-apheresis using a dextran sulfate cellulose column has been proven to be an effective method for reducing both plasma Lp(a) and LDL-C levels. As a subgroup (apheresis-drug combined group), 29 of the 54 patients were given Pravastatin (HMG CoA reductase inhibitor) and Niceritrol (Nicotinic Acid) in addition to LDL-apheresis to maintain low plasma levels of both Lp(a) and LDL-C through the follow-up period of 5 months after PTCA. Patients whose plasma Lp(a) levels were reduced by more than 50% showed a lower restenosis rate than those whose plasma Lp(a) levels were reduced by less than 50% (21.2% vs. 52.4%, P = 0.0179), especially in patients with high plasma Lp(a) levels above 30 mg/dl where a much lower restenosis rate (15.0%) was observed. Furthermore, in the apheresis-drug combined group, the restenosis rate was 11.8% regardless of baseline plasma Lp(a) levels, including even those below 30 mg/dl. In conclusion, in patients with high plasma Lp(a) levels, a greater than 50% reduction in Lp(a) levels by LDL-apheresis is effective in preventing restenosis after PTCA. If the plasma Lp(a) reduction rate is greater than 50%, LDL-apheresis combined with lipid-lowering drugs such as niceritrol and pravastatin seems to be more effective, even in patients with low plasma Lp(a) levels.
Aged↗
High incidence of uterine inversion in mast cell-deficient osteopetrotic mutant mice of mi/mi genotype.
Mutations at either W or mi (microphthalmia) loci in the mouse can lead to a deficiency in melanocytes and mast cells. In addition, W mutants can be anemic and sterile, whereas mi mice are osteopetrotic because of a monocyte/macrophage/osteoclast defect. Since c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase is the gene product of the W locus and mi mutation has been suggested to affect the transduction of signals from the c-kit and c-fms receptors, we here examined the effect of mi mutation on fertility. Testes and ovaries from mi/mi mice were histologically normal, and the pattern of c-kit protein expression was not different from that of +/+ mice. Homozygous mutant crosses (mi/mi x mi/mi) were fertile, but inversion of the uterus occurred in 86% of the deliveries. In some cases, the placenta was found still attached to the inverted uterus after delivery. Decidual cells were present and expressed c-kit protein normally in the placenta of mi/mi mice. The inversion was also observed in mi/mi females mated to +/+ males. No uterine inversion was noted when +/mi females were crossed with mi/mi or +/mi males, suggesting that the genotype of the mother but not of the father or fetus is important for the pathogenesis. The numbers and body weights of mi/mi newborns were less than those of +/mi littermates. Mast cells were absent, but c-kit-positive cells were present, in the uterine muscle layers of pregnant mi/mi mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up after placement of Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent: a single center experience.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up results after placement of the Palmaz-Schatz stent and angiographic follow-up results of repeat interventions for stent restenosis. From June 1990 to September 1993, the Palmaz-Schatz stent was placed in 411 patients, 427 lesions. Follow-up angiography was performed in 307 lesions at 3-6 months and in 189 lesions at 1 year. Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation resulted in 97.2% procedure success and 94.6% clinical success. Stent thrombosis was observed in 2.2%. Angiographic restenosis rate was 16.3% at 3-6 months study. At 1 year study, "new" restenosis occurred only in 2.3%. Minimal lumen diameter did not change between 6 months and 1 year (2.32 +/- 0.51 mm vs 2.30 +/- 0.54 mm). With the mean follow-up interval of 22 +/- 9 months, cardiac event-free survival was achieved in 74.3%. Among 50 lesions with restenosis, stent restenosis occurred diffusely in 15 lesions (30%), focally inside the stent in 22 lesions (44%) and focally at the stent border in 13 lesions (26%). Repeat interventions were performed in 35 lesions. Restenosis at 3 months after repeat intervention was demonstrated in 9 (32.1%) out of 28 lesions restudied. Restenosis rate after repeat intervention for diffuse stent restenosis was significantly higher than that for focal in-stent restenosis (75% vs 7.7%). Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation was associated with a high initial success rate and a low late restenosis rate. Luminal renarrowing did not occur beyond 6 months up to 1 year.
Coronary Angiography↗
Development of a sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay for parathyroid hormone-related peptide: evidence for elevated levels in plasma from patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma.
We have developed a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) using a monoclonal antibody against PTHrP(1-34) and a polyclonal antibody against PTHrP(50-83), with recombinant human PTHrP(1-87) as the standard. The detection limit of the immunoradiometric assay was 0.5 pmol/L, and plasma PTHrP(1-87) concentrations in 110 healthy subjects were 0.8 +/- 0.01 pmol/L, with the upper limit of the normal range being 1.1 pmol/L. Increased circulating PTHrP(1-87) concentrations were demonstrated in all 46 cancer patients with hypercalcemia, but not in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal failure, or hypoparathyroidism. Normalization of serum calcium levels after resection of tumors was shown to correlate well with that of plasma PTHrP(1-87) concentrations in 2 cancer patients. High circulating PTHrP(1-87) levels were also demonstrated in 12 out of 13 hypercalcemic patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and in 7 out of 8 hypercalcemic patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma especially of B-cell type. These results suggest that PTHrP is a major humoral factor responsible for the hypercalcemia frequently associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and also with B-cell lymphoma.
Adult↗
[Clinical experience of Rotablator].
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Atherectomy, Coronary↗
Optimum apportionment of presentation time in visual display.
With regard to the better display of visual stimuli, one of the key parameters to match with human short-term memory is the presentation time of the information. We have studied the optimum-apportionment modes of the presentation time of seven Roman alphabet letters sequentially presented to five young males by means of our time-continuous model of short-term memory. These modes are thought to allow for the easiest retention by the short-term memory. The average optimum-apportionment mode, as an average of individual scores of the optimum-apportionment mode, was also obtained. With free-recall experiments using the Roman characters, four constants for the model were determined for the subjects. Then, the theoretical optimum-apportionment modes were calculated using a computer simulation for each subject. With slight modifications of these results, eight types of apportionment modes were obtained. The most efficient mode for the recall of the Roman characters in the free-recall experiment was determined as the optimum-apportionment mode of the individual.
Adult↗
High-rate membrane supported aqueous-phase enzymatic conversion in organic solvent.
Microporous membranes were used as a support material for enzyme immobilization by a supported aqueous-phase. To test the concept, a model reaction was chosen involving the oxidation of p-cresol by tyrosinase. Tyrosinase was first immobilized in a thin film of water formed on the inner surface of the membrane and then allowed to catalyze p-cresol oxidation in chloroform. By choosing optimal operating conditions, tyrosinase functioned catalytically for more than 6 hours with a stable reaction rate. The reaction rate was highly dependent on water content (water wt./enzyme wt. ratio) and permeation flux. Also, enzyme loading was an important factor for maintaining stable activity. This type of high-rate reactor utilized convective flow through an enzyme immobilized microporous membrane and provided high productivity by reducing mass transport limitations.
Chloroform↗
Immunological tolerance in liver transplantation: the beneficial effect of cytokine down-regulation and Kupffer cell chimerism.
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Animals↗
High-field cyclotron resonance and impurity transition in n-type and p-type 3C-SiC at magnetic fields up to 175 T.
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Journal Article↗
Non-radioisotopic quantitative RT-PCR to detect changes in mRNA levels during early mouse embryo development.
We developed a non-radioisotopic quantitative RT-PCR method with high sensitivity and reproducibility. The results of this RT-PCR were in agreement with those of the Northern blot analysis. We measured the mRNA levels of beta-actin, transferrin receptor, and two cell cycle-related genes, cyclin B and cdc25, in early mouse embryos by the RT-PCR. In late two-cell stage embryos, beta-actin, transferrin receptor and cyclin B mRNA levels were 10-20% of those in MII stage oocytes. In contrast, the cdc25 mRNA levels were not different between these stages. When we cultured mouse embryos, the presence of an RNA polymerase inhibitor, alpha-amanitin, in the medium did not affect the mRNA levels at the two-cell stage, indicating that most of the detected mRNAs in two-cell embryos were maternally derived. These results suggest that the rate of mRNA degradation is different between cyclin B and cdc25 during early embryogenesis.
Actins↗
Serial angiographic follow-up after Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation: comparison with conventional balloon angioplasty.
OBJECTIVES: Serial angiographic follow-up study was designed to evaluate the temporal mode of lumen diameter changes after Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation, and the results were compared with those from a cohort of patients undergoing balloon angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Restenosis remains a major limitation of balloon angioplasty. The Palmaz-Schatz balloon expandable coronary stent is now under clinical investigation to evaluate its efficacy in preventing restenosis. METHODS: Serial angiographic follow-up study was performed the day after stent implantation and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the procedure. The stent group consisted of 96 patients who had 97 lesions with a single stent. A cohort of 179 patients with 192 lesions were selected as the balloon group by the criteria of final balloon size > or = 3 mm and lesion length < 20 mm. RESULTS: A significantly larger lumen diameter was obtained immediately after stent implantation (2.9 +/- 0.4 mm [mean +/- SD] in the stent group vs. 2.1 +/- 0.5 mm in the balloon group, p < 0.001). At 3 to 6 months of follow-up, a significantly larger lumen diameter was maintained in the stent group (2.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7 mm, p < 0.001). The late restenosis rate according to a binary definition was significantly lower in the stent group (13% vs. 39%, p < 0.001). Stenosis exacerbation, frequently observed within 24 h after balloon angioplasty, was not found after stenting. Between the next day and 1 month, regression was dominant in the balloon group, whereas progression of stenosis was observed in the stent group. The greatest tendency to restenosis was observed in both groups between 1 and 3 months after the procedure. Between 3 and 6 months, significantly greater diameter loss was found in the stent group. CONCLUSIONS: The Palmaz-Schatz stent was effective in reducing the restenosis rate in this highly selected cohort of patients. Reduction in restenosis rate was dependent on a larger lumen obtained immediately. Late loss of diameter was significantly greater after stenting. The restenosis rate after stenting should be evaluated by follow-up angiography at 6 months rather than at 3 months, which is adequate after conventional balloon angioplasty.
Adult↗