Assessment of the in vivo function of pig islets encapsulated in uncoated alginate microspheres.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
H Ye
Publications and source records attributed to H Ye.
Comparative effects of heparin and the sulfatoid GM1474 on coagulation parameters in plasma and blood from various species.
1. The discovery and development of novel carbohydrate molecules based on heparin biology and pharmacology requires consideration of coagulation effects in evaluating the therapeutic potential of these agents. A novel sulfatoid compound, GM1474, possessing potent antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties similar to those of heparin, was evaluated for comparative coagulation effects. 2. In vitro and in vivo effects of GM1474 on plasma-activated partial prothromboplastin time (aPTT) and whole-blood clotting time (WBCT) were monitored in plasma and blood from various species and compared with those of heparin. GM1474 possessed approximately 21.7% of the in vitro aPTT and 4.3% of the in vitro WBCT effects relative to heparin, utilizing human plasma and blood. 3. Similar differences between GM1474 and heparin were observed in plasma and blood from mice, rats, dogs and nonhuman primates. The concentrations of GM1474 producing a two-fold increase in aPTT and WBCT in vitro in the various species ranged from 2.95 to 11.4 times the concentrations of heparin producing similar effects. 4. In in vivo evaluations in mice, the intravenous doses of GM1474 producing 50% of the maximal elevation in plasma aPTT and bleeding time (IC50s) were 2.1 and 12.0 mg/kg, respectively. These doses represented approximately 6.4- and 27.9-fold the in vivo IC50, doses of heparin causing elevations in aPTT and bleeding times, respectively. 5. The results of this study demonstrate that GM1474 possesses significantly reduced effects on coagulation relative to heparin, as determined by in vitro and in vivo testing. 6. Species differences in sensitivity to GM1474 and heparin were also observed in in vitro profiling. The order of species sensitivity to GM1474 and heparin was similar (mice>human beings>rats>non-human primates>dogs) and indicates that the mouse may be the most predictive species with respect to coagulation effects in human beings.
Animals↗
Fos family members induce cell cycle entry by activating cyclin D1.
Expression of the fos family of transcription factors is stimulated by growth factors that induce quiescent cells to reenter the cell cycle, but the cellular targets of the Fos family that regulate cell cycle reentry have not been identified. To address this issue, mice that lack two members of the fos family, c-fos and fosB, were derived. The fosB-/- c-fos-/- mice are similar in phenotype to c-fos-/- mice but are 30% smaller. This decrease in size is consistent with an abnormality in cell proliferation. Fibroblasts derived from fosB-/- c-fos-/- mice were found to have a defect in proliferation that results at least in part from a failure to induce cyclin D1 following serum-stimulated cell cycle reentry. Although definitive evidence that c-Fos and FosB directly induce cyclin D1 transcription will require further analysis, these findings raise the possibility that c-Fos and FosB are either direct or indirect transcriptional regulators of the cyclin D1 gene and may function as a critical link between serum stimulation and cell cycle progression.
Animals↗
Studies on dynamics of growth and biosynthesis of artemisinin in hairy roots of Artemisia annua L.
Seven hairy root lines with the properties of fast growth and high artemisinin contents were selected from 747 hairy roots induced by transformation of Artemisia annua L. strain 025 with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. The differences of growth rates and artemisinin contents among the 7 selected hairy root lines were extremely significant, of which HR-9 gave the highest yield of artemisinin, reaching 33.25 mg/y.L. The differences of growth rates and artemisinin contents among hairy roots, untransformated roots and callus were also significant. There were no obvious lag phase in batch culture of hairy roots of Artemisia annua L. The exponential growth phase was 7 approximately 15 days after inculation. The growth rate reached the highest on the 11th day, and the cultures reached a stationary phase on the 20th day. The properties of artemisinin content of hairy roots were obviously "related to growth". The artemisinin content decreased slowly during the exponential phase, increased while the growth rate slowed down and remained consistent after the growth stopped. The optimum culture time for hairy roots of Artemisia annua L. was 21 days in our system.
Artemisia↗
[Parkinson's disease and dementia].
Neuropsychological tests were carried out in 30 patients with Parkinson's disease and 26 healthy controls. The results showed that the average scores of HRB(A)-RC test were above the limited scores, 45.45%-86.36% cases being over the limited scores (P < 0.01), except speech sound perception test. Damage degrees (DQ) from the least to the most serious were 63.64%. WAIS-RC test and WMS test showed that the average scores of IQ and MQ in patients were lower than those in the normal. The difference of IQ, MQ scores between patients and controls was very significant (P < 0.01). The damaged cases of IQ, MQ from the least to the most serious were 20% and 60%, respectively. This indicated that the patients with Parkinson's disease were obviously damaged in intelligence and memory. In this article, there were 6 cases (20%) fitted the diagnostic standard of dementia, among them, 4 were subcortical dementia and 2 cases were complex dementia. We found that the differences between the course and IQ, MQ were very significant (P < 0.05), but not between the course and DQ. It is implied that in the very early stage, the patients could appear abnormal in neuropsychology, and the intelligence and memory may be damaged more seriously in longer course. The result suggests that the early diagnosis and prompt intervention is important to prevent the occurrence and advance of dementia.
Aged↗
Electroretinographic oscillatory potentials in different aged rats: an analysis in the domains of time and frequency.
OBJECTIVES: Electroretinographic Oscillatory Potentials (Ops) are considered to be the optimal parameter to study the retinal circulation disturbances the present we compared parameters of OPs between different aged rats under dark adaptation. METHODS: The scotopic ERG were performed in anaesthetized rats aged 3, 12, 24 months. According a window of collective power spectrum field of the OPs was isolated by using the FFT and IFFT of the spectrum analysis program. The parameters in the time and frequency domains were calculated. RESULTS: Results showed that the amplitudes of wavelets and the summed amplitudes of OPs declined with the increase of age. A reduction of the total power and dominated power of OPs was also found after the FFT. But implicit time of each OP and dominant frequency did not change obviously. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that change of OPs of rat might be related to senile degeneration of the retina and circulative deficiency in retina in elder rats.
Aging↗
Immunoconfocal localization of gelatinase B expressed by migrating intrastromal epithelial cells after deep annular excimer keratectomy.
PURPOSE: Intrastromal epithelial migration occurs following deep excimer annular keratectomy. Our purpose is to determine the localization of gelatinase B expression and its relationship to migrating intrastromal epithelial cells following deep annular excimer keratectomy. METHODS: Rabbit corneas were treated with deep annular ablation and harvested 3, 5, 7 and 14 days following surgery. Histological examination was performed. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the time and the pattern of gelatinase B expression. This was compared to AE-5, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunolocalization. RESULTS: Histologic examination revealed islands of epithelial cells within the corneal stroma after deep annular excimer ablation, whereas eyes treated with superficial annular keratectomy did not show intrastromal epithelial migration. Immunoconfocal microscopy using monoclonal anti-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) antibody demonstrated the presence of gelatinase B at the outer borders of the intrastromal epithelial islands following deep annular excimer keratectomy. CONCLUSION: Gelatinase B may be involved in the process of intrastromal epithelial migration following deep annular excimer keratectomy.
Actins↗
The cut-homeodomain transcriptional activator HNF-6 is coexpressed with its target gene HNF-3 beta in the developing murine liver and pancreas.
Murine hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 beta (HNF-3 beta) protein is a member of a large family of developmentally regulated transcription factors that share homology in the winged helix/fork head DNA binding domain and that participate in embryonic pattern formation. HNF-3 beta also mediates cell-specific transcription of genes important for the function of hepatocytes, intestinal and bronchiolar epithelial, and pancreatic acinar cells. We have previously identified a liver-enriched transcription factor, HNF-6, which is required for HNF-3 beta promoter activity and also recognizes the regulatory region of numerous hepatocyte-specific genes. In this study we used the yeast one-hybrid system to isolate the HNF-6 cDNA, which encodes a cut-homeodomain-containing transcription factor that binds with the same specificity as the liver HNF-6 protein. Cotransfection assays demonstrate that HNF-6 activates expression of a reporter gene driven by the HNF-6 binding site from either the HNF-3 beta or transthyretin (TTR) promoter regions. We used interspecific backcross analysis to determine that murine Hnf6 gene is located in the middle of mouse chromosome 9. In situ hybridization studies of staged specific embryos demonstrate that HNF-6 and its potential target gene, HNF-3 beta, are coexpressed in the pancreatic and hepatic diverticulum. More detailed analysis of HNF-6 and HNF-3 beta's developmental expression patterns provides evidence of colocalization in hepatocytes, intestinal epithelial, and in the pancreatic ductal epithelial and exocrine acinar cells. The expression patterns of these two transcription factors do not overlap in other endoderm-derived tissues or the neurotube. We also found that HNF-6 is also abundantly expressed in the dorsal root ganglia, the marginal layer, and the midbrain. At day 18 of gestation and in the adult pancreas, HNF-6 and HNF-3 beta transcripts colocalize in the exocrine acinar cells, but their expression patterns diverge in other pancreatic epithelium. HNF-6, but not HNF-3 beta, expression continues in the pancreatic ductal epithelium, whereas only HNF-3 beta becomes restricted to the endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhans. We discuss these expression patterns with respect to specification of hepatocytes and differentiation of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
FosB mutant mice: loss of chronic cocaine induction of Fos-related proteins and heightened sensitivity to cocaine's psychomotor and rewarding effects.
Chronic exposure to cocaine leads to prominent, long-lasting changes in behavior that characterize a state of addiction. The striatum, including the nucleus accumbens and caudoputamen, is an important substrate for these actions. We previously have shown that long-lasting Fos-related proteins of 35-37 kDa are induced in the striatum by chronic cocaine administration. In the present study, the identity and functional role of these Fos-related proteins were examined using fosB mutant mice. The striatum of these mice completely lacked basal levels of the 35- to 37-kDa Fos-related proteins as well as their induction by chronic cocaine administration. This deficiency was associated with enhanced behavioral responses to cocaine: fosB mutant mice showed exaggerated locomotor activation in response to initial cocaine exposures as well as robust conditioned place preference to a lower dose of cocaine, compared with wild-type littermates. These results establish the long-lasting Fos-related proteins as products of the fosB gene (specifically DeltaFosB isoforms) and suggest that transcriptional regulation by fosB gene products plays a critical role in cocaine-induced behavioral responses. This finding demonstrates that a Fos family member protein plays a functional role in behavioral responses to drugs of abuse and implicates fosB gene products as important determinants of cocaine abuse.
Animals↗
The winged helix transcriptional activator HFH-3 is expressed in the distal tubules of embryonic and adult mouse kidney.
The hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 (HNF-3)/fork head homolog (HFH) proteins are an extensive family of transcription factors, which share homology in the winged helix DNA binding domain. Members of the HFH/winged helix family have been implicated in cell fate determination during pattern formation, in organogenesis, and in cell-type-specific gene expression. In this study we isolated a full-length HFH-3 cDNA clone from a human kidney library which encoded a 351-amino acid protein containing a centrally located winged helix DNA binding domain. We demonstrate that HFH-3 is a potent transcriptional activator requiring 138 C-terminal residues for activity. We used in situ hybridization to demonstrate that HFH-3 expression is restricted to the epithelium of the renal distal convoluted tubules. We determined the HFH-3 DNA binding consensus sequence by in vitro DNA binding site selection using recombinant HFH-3 protein and used this consensus sequence to identify putative HFH-3 target genes expressed there. These putative HFH-3 target genes include the Na/K-ATPase, Na/H and anion exchangers, E-cadherin, and mineralocorticoid receptor genes as well as genes for the transcription factors HNF-1, vHNF-1, and HNF-4.
Aging↗
Study on the fluorescence system of chlortetracycline-Eu-TOPO-sodium dodecyl sulfonate and the determination of chlortetracycline.
The fluorescence system of Eu-chlortetracycline-TOPO-sodium dedecyl sulfonate was studied. It was found that chloretetracycline formed a complex with Eu(III) at pH 8.0-9.0 and then emitted the characteristic fluorescence of Eu(III). TOPO and sodium dodecyl sulfonate greatly enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the system. The experiments indicated that under the optimum determining conditions a linear relationship was obtained between the fluorescence intensity and chlortetracycline concentration in the range of 2.0 x 10(-8)-1.0 x 10(-5) M. The detection limit was 6.0 x 10(-9) M. In addition, the luminescence mechanism of the complex system has been discussed.
Chlortetracycline↗
The winged helix transcriptional activator HFH-8 is expressed in the mesoderm of the primitive streak stage of mouse embryos and its cellular derivatives.
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3/fork head homolog (HFH) proteins are an extensive family of transcription factors which share homology in the winged helix DNA binding domain. Members of the winged helix family have been implicated in cell fate determination during pattern formation, in organogenesis and in cell type-specific gene expression. In this study, we used in situ hybridization to identify the cellular expression pattern of the winged helix transcription factor, HFH-8, during mouse embryonic development. We showed that HFH-8 expression initiates during the primitive streak stage of mouse embryogenesis in the extraembryonic mesoderm and in the lateral mesoderm which gives rise to the somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderm. During organogenesis, HFH-8 expression is found in the splanchnic mesoderm in close apposition of the gut endoderm, suggesting a role in mesenchymal-epithelial induction of lung and gut morphogenesis. HFH-8 expression continues in lateral mesoderm-derived tissue throughout mouse development. HFH-8 expression is observed in the mesenchymal cells of the oral cavity, esophagus, trachea, lung, intestine, dorsal aorta and intersomitic arteries, but not in the vasculature of the head, liver, kidney or heart. Consistent with these embryonic expression studies, adult HFH-8 expression is restricted to the endothelium and connective fibroblasts of the alveolar sac and in the lamina propria and smooth muscle of the intestine. We also show that several adult endothelial cell lines maintain abundant HFH-8 expression. Furthermore, we used our determined HFH-8 consensus sequence to identify putative target genes expressed in pulmonary and intestinal mesenchymal cells. Cotransfection assays with one of these target promoters, P-selectin, demonstrated that HFH-8 expression was required for IL-6 stimulation of P-selectin promoter activity and suggest that HFH-8 is involved in mediating its cell-specific transcriptional activation in response to cytokines.
Animals↗
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3/fork head homolog 11 is expressed in proliferating epithelial and mesenchymal cells of embryonic and adult tissues.
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3alpha (HNF-3alpha) and 3beta proteins have homology in the winged helix/fork head DNA binding domain and regulate cell-specific transcription in hepatocytes and in respiratory and intestinal epithelia. In this study, we describe two novel isoforms of the winged helix transcription factor family, HNF-3/fork head homolog 11A (HFH-11A) and HFH-11B, isolated from the human colon carcinoma HT-29 cell line. We show that these isoforms arise via differential splicing and are expressed in a number of epithelial cell lines derived from tumors (HT-29, Caco-2, HepG2, HeLa, A549, and H441). We demonstrate that differentiation of Caco-2 cells toward the enterocyte lineage results in decreased HFH-11 expression and reciprocal increases in HNF-3alpha and HNF-3beta mRNA levels. In situ hybridization of 16 day postcoitus mouse embryos demonstrates that HFH-11 expression is found in the mesenchymal and epithelial cells of the liver, lung, intestine, renal cortex, and urinary tract. Although HFH-11 exhibits a wide cellular expression pattern in the embryo, its adult expression pattern is restricted to epithelial cells of Lieberkühn's crypts of the intestine, the spermatocytes and spermatids of the testis, and the thymus and colon. HFH-11 expression is absent in adult hepatocytes, but its expression is reactivated in proliferating hepatocytes at 4, 24, and 48 h after partial hepatectomy. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrate that HFH-11 mRNA levels are stimulated by intratracheal administration of keratinocyte growth factor in adult lung and its expression in an adult endothelial cell line is reactivated in response to oxidative stress. These experiments show that the HFH-11 transcription factor is expressed in embryonic mesenchymal and epithelial cells and its expression is reactivated in these adult cell types by proliferative signals or oxidative stress.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Identification of the Chinese herbs of Indigoferae L. by RAPD analysis].
Eight Chinese herbs of Indigoferae were identified randomly amplified polymorphic DNA by (RAPD) analysis. The results has shown that RAPD analysis is a new and effective method for the identification of Chinese herbs.
DNA Fingerprinting↗
[Multi-function ECG pre-amplifier for portable monitor].
In this paper, an ECG pre-amplifier portable monitor is given, which has many functions, i.e., 50 Hz notch, lead-off alarm and pacer pulse inhibition. The amplifier only consists of 3 chips of 8 pin ICs, and consumes current less than 1.4 mA.
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory↗
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 alpha promoter regulation involves recognition by cell-specific factors, thyroid transcription factor-1, and autoactivation.
The hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 alpha (HNF-3 alpha) and -3 beta proteins share homology in the winged helix/fork head DNA binding domain and regulate cell-specific transcription in hepatocytes and respiratory epithelium. In this study, we used transfection assays to demonstrate that the -520 nucleotides upstream of the rat HNF-3 alpha gene were sufficient for cell-specific expression. We identified binding sites for a liver and kidney-enriched nuclear factor and a kidney-enriched protein that recognizes two distinct promoter elements. We showed that the rat HNF-3 alpha promoter binds the HNF-3 protein isoforms, which may serve an auto- and/or cross-regulatory role. Furthermore, we showed that cotransfection of the thyroid transcription factor-1 expression vector enhanced HNF-3 alpha promoter activity. We discuss these results with respect to the transcriptional induction of the HNF-3 alpha gene in respiratory epithelium during embryogenesis. Because the HNF-3 alpha promoter region bound nuclear factors in kidney extracts, we used in situ hybridization to demonstrate that it was expressed in the urothelium of the renal pelvis in adult and embryonic kidney. We also report on a novel expression pattern of HNF-3 alpha in the epithelium of the urinary bladder, penile urethra, and the prostate gland, and show that its expression in the intestinal epithelium increases from the proximal duodenum to distal ileum. We also demonstrate that HNF-3 alpha is abundantly expressed in the colonic epithelium. Furthermore, we use the HNF-3 DNA binding consensus sequence to identify putative target genes in the renal pelvis and gut epithelium.
Animals↗
[The intelligence test of the patients with chronic renal insufficiency].
Thirty patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRF) and twenty-six normal subjects were tested with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scal (WALS). The verbal intelligence quotients (VIQ), performance intelligence quotients (PIQ), and full intelligence quotients (FIQ) of the patients were lower than those of the normal group (P < 0.01). Among them the mild and moderate intelligence damages were accounted 13.33%. Further analysis indicates that uremic posionous materials damage on the cerebral function was dose dependant. But the disease course was independant with the intelligence damage (P > 0.05). The results suggest that the plasma concentrations of uremia poisonous materials (BuN, Scr, etc.) in CRF patients should be lowered as early as possible in order to keep the normal function of the cerebrum.
Adult↗
A defect in nurturing in mice lacking the immediate early gene fosB.
Although expression of the Fos family of transcription factors is induced by environmental stimuli that trigger adaptive neuronal response, evidence that Fos family members mediate these responses is lacking. To address this issue, mice were generated with an inactivating mutation in the fosB gene. fosB mutant mice are profoundly deficient in their ability to nurture young animals but are normal with respect to other cognitive and sensory functions. The nurturing defect is likely due to the absence of FosB in the preoptic area, a region of the hypothalamus that is critical for nurturing. These observations suggest that a transcription factor controls a complex behavior by regulating a specific neuronal circuit and indicate that nurturing in mammals has a genetic component.
Animals↗