Chromosomal assignments of expressed sequence tags for ACTG1, AHSG, COL1A1, GNAS1, and RPLP1 expressed abundantly in the bovine foetus.
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Actins↗
Biomedical subjects
H Yasue
Publications and source records attributed to H Yasue.
Assignment of swine TNFRSF6 (Fas) to chromosome 14q25-->q27 and TNFSF6 (FasL) to chromosome 9q14-->q22 by FISH and radiation hybrid mapping.
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Animals↗
Construction of a dense comparative map between human chromosome 1p36-->p35 and swine chromosome 6 by using human sequence-tagged sites.
Construction of a comprehensive comparative map between swine and human chromosomes is a prerequisite, in order to select candidate swine genes for traits from the human genome database as well as to understand the evolutionary process of the two species. The present study attempted to use 910 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) localized in human chromosome (HSA) 1p36-->p35 (35 Mbp) for radiation hybrid (RH) mapping to swine chromosomes (SSCs). Out of the 910 STSs subjected to amplification of swine orthologues, primer pairs for 13 STSs were found to amplify the respective orthologues and the STSs were assigned to SSCs. Eleven STSs were assigned to SSC6 in the same order as that in HSA1: SSC6cen-(SHGC-150)-(A006H31)-(X82877)-(A007E03)-(IB404)-(stGDB:371372)-(stSG31658)-(A009Q18)-(stSG14201/A009C01)-(H08335)-qter. One of the remaining two STSs, WI-20819, was assigned to SSCX, and the other, R91D18R, was not linked to any first-generation markers of the IMpRH map with a lod score greater than 3.
Animals↗
Menstrual cyclic variation of myocardial ischemia in premenopausal women with variant angina.
BACKGROUND: An abundance of ovarian hormones is assumed to be a major contributor to the low incidence of ischemic heart disease in premenopausal women. However, the effects of ovarian hormones remain undetermined. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the variation in ovarian hormone levels throughout a menstrual cycle affects myocardial ischemia in women with variant angina. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: University medical center in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: 10 premenopausal women with variant angina. MEASUREMENTS: Frequency of spontaneous ischemic episodes, flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery, and serum levels of estradiol and progesterone. RESULTS: Frequency of ischemic episodes was highest from the end of the luteal phase to the beginning of the menstrual phase and was lowest in the follicular phase. Flow-mediated vasodilation and estradiol levels were lowest from the end of the luteal phase to the beginning of the menstrual phase and were highest in the follicular phase. CONCLUSIONS: In premenopausal women with variant angina, we documented a cyclic variation in endothelial function and the frequency of myocardial ischemia that was associated with the variation in estrogen levels.
Adult↗
Enhanced platelet aggregation in the coronary circulation after coronary spasm.
A recently developed platelet aggregometer using a laser light scattering method is capable of monitoring the increase in size of small-sized platelet aggregates (diameter 9-25 microm), which cannot be detected with the conventional methods. Whether coronary spasm can cause platelet aggregation in the coronary circulation is unknown. We investigated platelet aggregation, especially small-sized platelet aggregates, simultaneously in the coronary sinus and the aortic root in 18 patients with coronary spastic angina before and after a left coronary artery spasm induced by intracoronary injection of acetylcholine, and in 15 patients with stable exertional angina before and after acute myocardial ischemia induced by rapid right atrial pacing. Platelet aggregation in 12 patients with chest pain syndrome was also examined before and after coronary spasms provoked by acetylcholine. The number of small-sized platelet aggregates increased significantly in the coronary sinus [2.0+/-0.6 x 104 to 4.1+/-1.0 x 104 (V), P<.01] and in the aortic root [1.7+/-0.6 x 104 to 3.2+/-0.6 x 104 (V), P<.05], and the coronary sinus-arterial difference in the number of small-sized platelet aggregates [2.3+/-1.9 x 103 to 1.1+/-0.4 x 104 (V), P<.01] increased significantly after attacks in the coronary spastic angina group, but remained the same in the stable exertional angina group after attacks and in the chest pain syndrome group after the administration of acetylcholine. Therefore, we can conclude that acute myocardial ischemia induced by coronary spasm causes platelet aggregation in the coronary circulation.
Acetylcholine↗
Aldosterone induces angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiocytes.
BACKGROUND: The cardiac renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated in failing hearts in proportion to the severity of the disease. We hypothesized that a positive feedback mechanism might exist within this system and contribute to the progression of the heart failure. Methods and Results-- To test this hypothesis, we examined whether angiotensin II or aldosterone induces the expression of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) mRNA in cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiocytes. Expression of ACE mRNA was detected and quantified using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Exposure to angiotensin II (10(-5) mol/L) for 24 hours had no significant effect on the expression of ACE mRNA (0.7+/-0.5-fold versus control, P=NS), but similar treatment with aldosterone (10(-5) mol/L) induced a 23.3+/-7.9-fold increase (P<0.01) in ACE mRNA expression. The effect of aldosterone was both time- (maximal effect, 24 hours) and dose-dependent (EC(50), 4x10(-7) mol/L), and it was significantly (P<0.01) inhibited by spironolactone, a specific mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS: Aldosterone upregulates ACE mRNA expression, which is blocked by spironolactone in neonatal rat cardiocytes. Thus, spironolactone may suppress the progression of heart failure by blocking the effects of aldosterone and angiotensin II.
Aldosterone↗
Exogenous clustered neuropilin 1 enhances vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Neuropilin 1 (NP-1) is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 165 (VEGF165) and acts as a coreceptor that enhances VEGF165 function through tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Transgenic overexpression of np-1 results in an excess of capillaries and blood vessels and a malformed heart. Thus, NP-1 may have a key role in vascular development. However, how NP-1 regulates vascular development is not well understood. This study demonstrates how NP-1 can regulate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In homozygous np-1 mutant (np-1(-/-)) murine embryos, vascular sprouting was impaired in the central nervous system and pericardium. Para-aortic splanchnopleural mesoderm (P-Sp) explants from np-1(-/-) mice also had vascular defects in vitro. A monomer of soluble NP-1 (NP-1 tagged with Flag epitope) inhibited vascular development in cultured wild-type P-Sp explants by sequestering VEGF165. In contrast, a dimer of soluble NP-1 (NP-1 fused with the Fc part of human IgG) enhanced vascular development in cultured wild-type P-Sp explants. Moreover, the NP-1-Fc rescued the defective vascular development in cultured np-1(-/-) P-Sp explants. A low dose of VEGF alone did not promote phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 on endothelial cells from np-1(-/-) embryos, but simultaneous addition of a low dose of VEGF and NP-1-Fc phosphorylated VEGFR-2 significantly. Moreover, NP-1-Fc rescued the defective vascularity of np-1(-/-) embryos in vivo. These results suggest that a dimer form of soluble NP-1 delivers VEGF165 to VEGFR-2-positive endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis.
Animals↗
Estradiol supplementation suppresses hyperventilation-induced attacks in postmenopausal women with variant angina.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine whether estradiol (E2) supplementation suppresses anginal attacks in women with variant angina. BACKGROUND: Estrogen is known to improve endothelial function. Coronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of not only variant angina but also ischemic heart disease in general, and endothelial dysfunction seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary spasm. METHODS: Fifteen postmenopausal women with variant angina (mean age 54.2 years) were given a hyperventilation (HV) test, a provocation test for coronary spasm, in the early morning of day 1 (baseline), day 3 (after 2-day transdermal E2 supplementation, 4 mg) and day 5 (after 2-day placebo administration). We measured the flow-mediated (endothelium-dependent) dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery with the ultrasound technique before each HV test. RESULTS: The anginal attacks with ST segment elevation were induced by HV in all patients on days 1 and 5. However, no attacks were induced on day 3. Supplementation with E2 augmented FMD (3.5 +/- 0.6*, 8.9 +/- 0.7 and 4.0 +/- 0.5* on days 1, 3 and 5, respectively; *p < 0.01 vs. day 3). The serum E2 levels on days 1, 3 and 5 were 22.7 +/- 2.8*, 96.2 +/- 9.2 and 30.7 +/- 7.1* pg/ml, respectively (*p < 0.01 vs. day 3). CONCLUSIONS: The present results demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that E2 supplementation suppresses the HV-induced attacks in women with variant angina, in part because of the improvement of endothelial function.
Angina Pectoris, Variant↗
Increase in plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary spastic angina.
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) impair endothelium-dependent dilation and constrict arteries. This study examined possible relation of the circulating plasma levels of Ox-LDL to coronary spastic angina (CSA). The plasma levels of Ox-LDL were measured by ELISA in 37 consecutive patients with CSA and normal coronary angiograms and in 79 consecutive control patients. The Ox-LDL levels in patients with CSA were significantly higher than those in controls. In multivariate analysis, higher levels of Ox-LDL were a risk factor for CSA independently of other traditional risk factors. The Ox-LDL levels had a significant and positive correlation with constrictor response of coronary arteries to the intracoronary acetylcholine infusion. Thus, Ox-LDL may play a possible role in pathogenesis of coronary spasm.
Acetylcholine↗
The prognostic value of small-sized platelet aggregates in unstable angina: detection by a novel laser-light scattering method.
Platelet activation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. This study was designed to evaluate the platelet aggregability in patients with unstable angina using a new aggregometer with laser-light scattering. We also examined whether there was a relationship between these platelet aggregabilities and unfavorable outcome during in-hospital stay. We measured platelet aggregability, in particular small-sized platelet aggregates in 31 patients with unstable angina, 31 patients with stable exertional angina, and 30 patients with chest pain syndrome. The patients with unstable angina were divided into two groups by their cardiac events during in-hospital stay, cardiac events (+)(n=11) group and cardiac events (-)(n=20) group. On admission, the number of small-sized platelet aggregates (V) was higher in patients with unstable angina (3.0+/-0.5x10(4)) than in those with stable exertional angina (1.4+/-0.3x10(4), P=.017) and chest pain syndrome (0.7+/-0.2x10(4), P=.0003). The number of small-sized platelet aggregates was higher in the cardiac events (+) group than in the cardiac events (-) group (5.5+/-0.9x10(4) vs. 1.6+/-0.4x10(4), P=.0001). A previous study elucidated that small-sized platelet aggregates ultimately developed into medium-sized and large-sized aggregates as platelet aggregation proceeds. Therefore, the production of small-sized platelet aggregates is more sensitive for hyperaggregability. Furthermore, the production of small-sized platelet aggregates increased significantly in patients with unstable angina than in those with stable exertional angina and chest pain syndrome. These findings suggest that a tendency toward thrombus formation increases markedly in patients with unstable angina and increased number of small-sized platelet aggregates on admission predicts poor prognosis during in-hospital stay in patients with unstable angina.
Adult↗
Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus estradiol on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women.
The addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is widely accepted to remove the endometrial-cancerogenic effect of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. To evaluate the effect of MPA on endothelial function, we measured flow-mediated vasodilation of brachial arteries after transient occlusion in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study; we concluded that the addition of MPA attenuates the favorable effects of estradiol on endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
Brachial Artery↗
Aldosterone production is activated in failing ventricle in humans.
BACKGROUND: Recent reports have indicated that aldosterone is produced in extra-adrenal tissues in animals. The present study was designed to examine whether aldosterone is produced in human heart. METHODS AND RESULTS: Plasma levels of aldosterone, BNP, and angiotensin-converting enzyme were measured in anterior interventricular vein (AIV), coronary sinus (CS), and aortic root (Ao), respectively, in 20 patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), 25 patients with LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), and 23 control subjects. Aldosterone levels were significantly higher in AIV and CS than Ao in LVSD (98+/-10 versus 72+/-9 pg/mL, P:<0.001, and 97+/-11 versus 72+/-9 pg/mL, P:<0.001, respectively) and LVDD (87+/-10 versus 71+/-9 pg/mL, P:<0.01, and 84+/-10 versus 71+/-9 pg/mL, P:<0.01, respectively) groups, but no differences were observed in levels for these sites in the control group. Levels of ACE activity and BNP also were higher in AIV than Ao in both LV dysfunction groups. The difference in aldosterone levels between AIV and Ao and those in BNP and angiotensin-converting enzyme had a significant positive correlation with LVEDP and a significant negative correlation with LV ejection fraction in the LVSD group. CONCLUSIONS: Production of aldosterone, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and BNP are activated in failing human ventricle in proportion to severity.
Adult↗
Diagnostic accuracy of simultaneous acquisition of transmission and emission data with technetium-99m transmission source on thallium-201 myocardial SPECT.
PURPOSE: This study evaluates not only the clinical usefulness but also the problems in attenuation correction for thallium-201 (Tl-201) myocardial SPECT by means of simultaneous transmission and emission data acquisition in the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: A three-detector SPECT system equipped with a Tc-99m line source and fan-beam collimators was used for simultaneous transmission and emission data acquisition for Tl-201 myocardial SPECT in 73 patients (18 patients for normal database and 55 patients for the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy). Attenuation-corrected (AC) images and non-attenuation-corrected (NC) images were reconstructed with an iterative maximum-likelihood estimation-corrected (ML-EM) algorithm. Both sets of images were reoriented into the short axis. Normal database polar maps were constructed from the AC and NC images for quantitative analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in specificity between NC and AC images in the RCA territory and those in specificity and accuracy in the LCX territory. There was no significant difference in sensitivity found between NC and AC images in either territory, but sensitivity in both territories tended to decrease with attenuation correction. In the LAD territory, there were various changes in sensitivity and specificity observed with attenuation correction in cases with each quantitative criterion. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic performance of significant stenosis in the RCA and LCX territories quantitatively improved with attenuation correction because of an increase in specificity, but no significant improvement in diagnostic performance was obtained in the LAD territory with attenuation correction. We recommend combined interpretation of AC and NC images and careful evaluation of any SPECT image by means of transmission computed tomography.
Coronary Disease↗
Characterization of a SINE species from vicuna and its distribution in animal species including the family Camelidae.
Twenty-six sequences of a short interspersed repetitive element (SINE) with a size of approximately 150 base pairs (bp) were isolated from the genomic DNA of Vicugna vicugna (vicuna). RNA polymerase III split promoter sequence was observed in most of them, and many had direct repeats flanking to SINEs as well as a poly(A)-like structure. The SINE sequences were designated as "vic-1" sequences. Comparison of the vic-1 consensus sequence with sequences registered in the DNA database (DDBJ/ EMBL/GENBANK) revealed that the vic-1 sequence had a 79% homology with mouse ala-tRNA gene. In addition, the tRNA-related region of the consensus sequence was folded into a cloverleaf structure as with mouse ala-tRNA. These findings strongly indicated that vic-1 was a retroposon derived from ala-tRNA gene. The vic-1 sequences were used as a probe for dot-blot hybridization to examine the distribution of their homologous sequences in the genomes of various animal species spanning 14 orders, of which, homologous sequences were found only in the Camelidae family. In order to examine the phylogenetical relationship among vicuna, llama, and camel, vic-1 insertion analysis and homology analysis of vic-1 sequences were performed at each locus. The analyses indicated that vic-1 sequences were generated in a common ancestor of the animal species, and that camels first branched off from the clade Camelidae, followed by vicunas and llamas.
Animals↗
Directed isolation and mapping of microsatellites from swine Chromosome 1q telomeric region through microdissection and RH mapping.
Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) (vertebrate number, birth weight, age at puberty, growth rate, gestation length, and backfat depth) have been independently mapped to the distal region of swine Chromosome (SSC) 1q in several resource populations. In order to improve the map resolution and refine these QTLs more precisely on SSC1q, we have isolated and mapped additional microsatellites (ms), using chromosome microdissection and radiation hybrid (RH) mapping. Five copies of the telomeric region of SSC1q were microdissected from metaphase spreads and pooled. The chromosomal fragment DNA was randomly amplified by using degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR), enriched for ms, and subcloned into a PCR vector. Screening of subsequent clones with ms probes identified 23 unique ms sequences. Fifteen of these (65%) were subjected to radiation hybrid (RH) mapping by using the INRA-University of Minnesota porcine RH panel (IMpRH); and the remaining eight were not suited for the RH mapping. Twelve microsatellites were assigned to SSC1q telomeric region of IMpRH map (LOD >6), and three remain unlinked (LOD <6). Out of the 15 microsatellite markers, 9 were polymorphic in NIAI reference population based on the Meishan and Göttingen miniature pig. In summary, we have used microdissection and radiation hybrid mapping to clone and map 12 new microsatellites to the swine gene map to increase the resolution of SSC1q in the region of known QTLs.
Animals↗
Assignment of 64 genes expressed in 28-day-old pig embryo to radiation hybrid map.
A swine resource family was constructed at the National Institute of Animal Industry, Japan, in order to determine the genetic regions responsible for economically important traits, including fetus development. To identify genes expressed in the early stage of embryo development, we cataloged and mapped genes expressed in a 28-day-old normal pig embryo. In this effort, we have mapped 64 genes, which have map information in human genome onto a swine radiation hybrid (RH) map, IMpRH. These mappings provided additional chromosomal homologies between swine and human to improve the comparative map between the two species. The distribution of the genes assigned to swine chromosomes are as follows: 9 genes were assigned on SSC6; 6 genes each assigned on SSC5 and SSC14; 5 genes each assigned on SSC3, SSC4, and SSC8; 4 genes each assigned on SSC1, SSC7, SSC9, and SSC15; 3 genes each assigned on SSC2, SSC13 and SSCX; and 1 gene each assigned on SSC10, SSC11, and SSC16. Moreover, the present findings revealed 18 new chromosomal homologies between pig and human. Briefly, SSC3 regions were indicated to correspond with HSA1 and HSA10; SSC4 with HSA6; SSC5 with HSA2, HSA15, and HSA16; SSC6 with HSA3, HSA6, and HSA20; SSC7 with HSA11; SSC8 with HSA3, HSA6, and HSA7; SSC9 with HSA8; SSC13 with HSA1; SSC14 with HSA13; SSC15 with HSA19; SSC16 with HSA9.
Animals↗
The missense Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is strongly associated with placental abruption.
We recently identified a missense variant (Glu298Asp) that lies within exon 7 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, and that is associated with severe preeclampsia (proteinuric hypertension that develops as a consequence of pregnancy). Maternal hypertension is the most consistently identified factor predisposing to placental abruption. Our objective, therefore, was to analyze the association between the Glu298Asp eNOS gene variant and placental abruption. The study participants included 35 patients with histories of placental abruption and 170 control subjects. Screening for the Glu298Asp eNOS gene variant was carried out by analysis of polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. The analyses revealed that the frequency of the Glu298Asp variant (Glu298Asp homozygotes and heterozygotes) was significantly (P<0.001) higher in the placental abruption group (n=14; 40%) than in the control group (n=24; 14%). We conclude that the presence of the Glu298Asp eNOS gene variant could be a marker of increased risk of developing placental abruption.
Abruptio Placentae↗
Analysis of expressed sequence tags from a cDNA library of somatic nuclear transfer-derived cloned bovine whole foetus.
The expression profile of genes in specific tissues is studied through analysing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and provides useful information for characterizing gene function and tissue physiology. Analysis of ESTs is achieved by partial sequencing and characterization of clones isolated randomly from cDNA libraries. In the present study, we analysed the genes expressed in the somatic nuclear transfer-derived cloned bovine foetus in the early period of foetal development. To this aim, we constructed a directionally cloned cDNA library from somatic nuclear transfer-derived cloned 60 day-old whole foetus of cattle and sequenced 3' end of 510 randomly isolated clones. By BLASTN analysis, we identified 403 unique clones: 186 showed homology to previously identified genes, 123 matched uncharacterized ESTs and 94 showed no significant matches to sequences already present in DNA databases. Analysis of these cDNA clones revealed that this library contained a variety of functional genes, while foetuin, insulin-like growth factor 2, collagen type I alpha I and maternal G10 transcript genes were the most abundant transcripts. Our study allowed the establishment of a first list of genes expressed in bovine whole foetus. In future, the list of genes might help facilitate the understanding of physiology of foetal development in somatic nuclear transfer-derived cloned bovine foetus.
Animals↗