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Biomedical subjects

H Yano

Publications and source records attributed to H Yano.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effects of high protein diet and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on calcium metabolism in rats.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of a high protein diet on calcium metabolism in rat. Wistar strain male rats (50 days old) were divided into 5 groups (day 0): control diet (18% casein); high protein diet (18% casein +20% lactalbumin); high protein and 0.1% sodium bicarbonate diet; high protein and 0.2% sodium bicarbonate diet; and high protein and 0.4% sodium bicarbonate diet. On days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, urine samples were collected and, at the same time, feces were collected from half of the animals in each group. Urinary titratable acidity (TA-HCO3-), ammonium ion (NH4+), and net acid excretion (NAE) were measured as an index of acid-base balance in rat body. Urinary volume was rapidly increased and the increase of urinary volume continued throughout the study in rats fed the high protein diet. Urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus were increased after day 3 and day 1, respectively, in rats fed the high protein diet. The high protein diet depressed calcium absorption and elevated phosphorus absorption from the digestive tract in rats fed the high protein diet. The high protein diet decreased TA-HCO3-, which was closely correlated with the decrease of NAE. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation to the high protein diet had little effect on urinary calcium excretion and NAE. This study suggested that there was no relationship between metabolic acidosis and hypercalciuria in rats fed the high protein diet.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1989

[A case of giant mediastinal cystic lymphangioma].

A 13 year-old boy was admitted because of anterior chest pain, fever up and exertional dyspnea. Chest X-ray film showed a large mass shadow on the middle and lower lung field with positive silhouette sign. Under the ultra-sonic tomogram the mass showed cystic pattern with septum. The bloody fluid collected by puncture suggested hemorrhage into the cyst. Chest CT scan revealed a well defined cystic mass in the left thoracic space. The mass reached to the right thoracic space through behind the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC). At operation, although the tumor adjoined heart, esophagus, diaphragma and IVC, it was removed completely. Pathological diagnosis was cystic lymphangioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Serial changes in lung injury produced by preformed immune complexes].

A previous study demonstrated increased levels of C5a des Arg and increased numbers of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of acutely ill patients with summer type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), suggesting the role of immune complexes (IC) in the early stage of HP. The present study was undertaken to compare the BAL findings in patients with acute HP and in animals which were injected intratracheally with preformed IC and to determine the correlation between the sequential BAL findings and the serial histology in animals. The results indicated that total cells recovered by BAL increased up to 24 hours. However, the most striking observation was that the increased number and percentage of PMNs in BAL cells shortly after the intratracheal injection, which the number of macrophages in BAL cells tended to be high, the increase was not statistically significant. Histological examinations revealed peribronchial and intraalveolar infiltration with PMNs at the early stage when intraalveolar infiltration were predominant, and the latest lesions consisted of infiltration with mononuclear cells in the alveolar walls. Furthermore, the cellular findings of BAL cells reflected the histological findings in involved lungs. The present study demonstrated that the sequential BAL changes of acutely ill patients with HP were similar to those of IC-injected animals, suggesting the possibility that IC formed in the airways is involved in the early stage of HP.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1989

[The motility of lung lymphocytes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis].

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and pulmonary sarcoidosis (Sa) are characterized by an accumulation of large numbers of lymphocytes within the interstitium and the epithelial surface of the lung. Although the lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are representative of interstitial cells in these diseases, the mechanism involved in an accumulation of lymphocytes on the epithelial surface are yet unknown. To explore the possibility that the lymphocytes on the epithelial surface are migrated cells from the interstitium, we studied the motility of the BALF lymphocytes in five patients with HP and nine patients with Sa and compared them to that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The lymphocyte migration assay was performed using blind well chemotaxis chambers and cells migrated into the cellulose nitrate membranes were assessed. The total migrated cell numbers of BALF lymphocytes in HP and Sa were 753.3 +/- 86.5 and 334.2 +/- 41.0, respectively. The migration distance of BALF lymphocytes in HP and Sa assessed with leading front method were 50.2 +/- 3.8 microns and 57.9 +/- 4.6 microns, respectively. The motility of BALF lymphocytes in HP and Sa was significantly greater than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the motility of BALF lymphocytes were comparable to that of PHA-activated lymphocytes. The motility of BALF lymphocytes were correlated with the proportion of lymphocytes in BALF cells and the proportion of Ia+T lymphocytes. These results suggest that BALF lymphocytes in these diseases are activated and enhanced motility may facilitate the accumulation of lymphocytes to the epithelial surface.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam (AZT) in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections].

Aztreonam (AZT, Azactam) was given to 176 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTI), of whom 110 cases satisfied with the "Criteria of UTI Committee for the Evaluation of Drug Efficacy in the UTI (3rd Ed.)", which was modified by adopting the midstream urine data in cases of women. Aztreonam was administered by drip infusion at a daily dose of 1 to 4 grams (mostly 2 grams) for at least five days long. The overall clinical efficacy rate of AZT in the 110 cases with the complicated UTI was 64%, estimated by the criteria cited above. The efficacy rate according to the infection type groupings was 66% for the 38 patients in the 1st group, 33% for the 3 in the 2nd group, 79% for the 19 in the 3rd group, 85% for the 21 in the 4th, 47% for the 19 in the 5th and 42% for the 12 in the 6th group. The disappearance rate of Gram negative bacilli was 87.1%. Especially 15 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were eliminated out of 25 (60%) after AZT administration. Forty-six strains appeared after AZT treatment, 36 (76%) of which were Gram positive cocci. Subjective side effects and abnormal laboratory findings in a total 176 cases were: diarrhea in one, upper abdominal discomfort in one, increases in glutamic pyruvic transaminase in 8, increases in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in 5 and eosinophilia in 1. All of these disappeared after termination of the drug. AZT might therefore be a useful and safe antibiotic for the first choice use against complicated UTI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of hemodilution on capillary blood flow and arteriovenous shunt after resuscitation in dogs].

The present study was designed to elucidate the adverse effects of temporary circulatory arrest upon the capillary blood flow and arteriovenous shunt and additionally to observe how hemodilution may improve such microcirculatory deterioration. The organ capillary blood flow and organ fraction of cardiac output were measured by the microsphere (phi 9 microns) trapping method in 14 organs. Simultaneously, the arteriovenous shunt rate was measured by continuous collection of drained venous blood at 4.8 ml.min-1 for two minutes from the brain, kidney, liver, splanchnic organs, skeletal muscle of the pelvic limb and all systemic circulatory organs. In five non-hemodiluted dogs (C group), the capillary blood flows decreased in the thyroid gland and pancreas at 30 minutes after circulatory arrest, and in these organs as well as in the brain and stomach at 90 minutes after the arrest. Change in the fraction of cardiac output was similar to that in the capillary blood flow. The arteriovenous shunt rate was unchanged after circulatory arrest. The remaining ten dogs were hemodiluted with dextran-70 solution either before (Pre group, five dogs) or after (Post group, five dogs) circulatory arrest. Both groups of hemodilution maintained the capillary blood flow and showed no alteration of the arteriovenous shunt rate after circulatory arrest, except for an increase in the systemic arteriovenous shunt rate in the Pre group. These results suggest that hemodilution maintains the capillary blood flow at a normal level and ameliorates the oxygen supply into organs after circulatory arrest.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of retrocecal appendicitis occurrence during effective chemotherapy in lung cancer].

Reported is the case of 61-year-old male patient who developed an abscess, secondary to a ruptured retrocecal appendicitis, while undergoing effective chemotherapy for lung cancer. Patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy are especially susceptible to infectious complications because chemotherapy can cause myelosuppression. To our knowledge, has been no previous reported case of retrocecal appendicitis occurring during chemotherapy for the lung cancer. Retrocecal appendicitis is a dangerous form of complication occurring in patients being treated with chemotherapeutic drugs.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

[A case of Morgagni's hernia complicated with esophageal hiatus hernia].

A rare case of Morgagni's hernia complicated with esophageal hiatus hernia is reported. A 85-year-old female suffered from swallowing disturbance admitted for evaluation of abnormal finding on chest X-ray film. The diagnosis was confirmed by chest roentgenogram, gastro-intestinal series and CT scan. Satisfactory repair was performed by the transabdominal approach and the postoperative course was excellent without any complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Measurement of airway resistance in anesthetized and paralyzed subjects: proposal for evaluation of K1 values.

The effects of lung volume and respiratory airflow on airway resistance were studied in five anesthetized and paralyzed patients. Airway resistance measured during the inspiratory phase with intermittent constant airflow inflations decreased in inverse correlationship to increases in lung volume. Airway resistance measured during the expiratory phase with an airway interruption technique, on the other hand, increased with a linear relationship to the expiratory airflow as expressed by a function of Y = K(1) + K(2)X. K(1), calculated from the values of airway resistance corresponding to three different airflows, was unaffected by intentional expiratory resistance loading. Thus, simultaneously with the measurement of airway resistance by this method, expiratory gas sampling with a Douglas bag can be done if necessary. Since the K(2) value of the endotracheal tube used in this study (Portex((R)) I.D. 8 mm, length 26 cm) was quite high (5.0 cmH(2)O.1(-2).sec(2)), depending on the airflow, the presence of the endotracheal tube strongly affected the measurement of airway resistance during general anesthesia. K(1) measured by the above method, however, may be considered as the best way to evaluate the lower airway resistance independent of either lung volume or expiratory airflow.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

[Bioactivity and heterogeneity of human growth hormone in urine from acromegalic patients].

Bioactivity of hGH in urine from five acromegalic patients was determined by Nb2 rat lymphoma bioassay (Nb2BA) and IM-9 receptor modulation assay (RMA). One urine sample (case 1) was concentrated by dialysis and lyophilization. Bioactivity by IM-9 RMA showed close correlations with immunoactivity by RIA in serial dilutions (RMA/RIA; 0.66-1.77). The estimates of bioactivity by Nb2BA were higher in all diluted samples except undiluted one than those of immunoactivity. Four samples were concentrated by affinity chromatography, dialysis and lyophilization. The ratio of RMA and RIA estimates was between 0.81-1.24, and that of Nb2BA and RIA estimates was between 0.46-2.62. Heterogeneity of urinary hGH was analyzed by gelfiltration using TSK-G-3000SW column by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay. In addition to the main peak of 22K molecular weight (more than 97%), very small peaks of 40-60K (big hGH) and 150K (big-big hGH) were detected in chromatographic profile. Urinary hGH from acromegalic patients was bioactive in IM-9 RMA and Nb2BA. The predominant form of urinary hGH from acromegalic patients was little hGH, but big and big-big hGH were detected by sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1988

Establishment and characterization of a new human renal cell carcinoma cell line (KRC/Y).

A new renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line (KRC/Y) has been established from a surgical specimen of a 41-yr-old Japanese female patient with RCC composed of both clear cells and granular cells. This cell line has been maintained for more than 15 mo. through 45 passages with a stable growth. KRC/Y cells have clear or eosinophilic polygonal cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei with one or two nucleoli, and proliferate in a pavementlike cell arrangement with a lack of contact inhibition. By electron microscopy, these cells contain abundant fat droplets and glycogen granules or well-developed organelles or both, which were also observed in the original tumor. The doubling time of these cells at the 15th passage was 73 h. The chromosome number was from 37 to 45 with a hypodiploid modal number of 42. Tumorigenicity was identified by tumor formation after subcutaneous injections of KRC/Y cells in nude mice, which showed close resemblance to the original tumor by light and electron microscope observations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Characteristic features of insulin secretion in the streptozotocin-induced NIDDM rat model.

Male Wistar neonatal rats at age 1.5 days (Streptozotocin [STZ] group 1) and 5 days (STZ group 2) received a subcutaneous injection of 90 mg/kg STZ. After 10 weeks, the rats were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2 g/kg) in a conscious state. The pancreas perfusion experiments were conducted 2 weeks after the OGTT. There was no statistical difference in insulin response between the STZ group 1 and the control group. On the contrary, in the STZ group 2, the plasma glucose response to OGTT showed a typical diabetic pattern, and the plasma insulin response was markedly blunted. In the isolated perfused rat pancreas, the infusion of glucose evoked a biphasic insulin secretion, but the peak insulin levels induced by 16.7 mmol/L glucose in the STZ group 1 were significantly lower than in the controls. We further investigated characteristics of insulin secretion in response to different secretagogues in these animal models using isolated islets. The insulin content of the islets of the STZ group 1 were about one half that of the control group. Insulin secretion in the STZ group 1 was impaired in response to glucose stimulation, but remained normal in response to arginine and forskolin. These results suggest that insulin secretion of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rat model is selectively impaired in response to glucose stimulation, possibly due to a disorder of signaling mechanism other than adenylate cyclase.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Heterotransplantation of an alpha-fetoprotein-producing human gallbladder carcinoma into nude mice.

An alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing human gallbladder carcinoma showing direct invasion into the liver was transplanted into BALB/c-nu/nu nude mice. Although patient serum levels of AFP and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were within normal limits, they were elevated to 1,040 ng/ml and 22.1 ng/ml, respectively, after cholecystectomy. Prominent liver metastasis was demonstrated by diagnostic imaging techniques shortly after the operation. Pathologically, the resected tumor consisted of papillotubular adenocarcinoma and the part which had invaded the liver showed a solid growth pattern with no papillo-tubular structure. The transplanted tumor showed both papillo-tubular and solid growth patterns, in which positive reactions for AFP, CEA, ferritin (FER), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), albumin (ALB) and fibrinogen (FIB) were confirmed by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Serum levels of AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, beta 2-microglobulin (BMG) and FER were elevated in the nude mice bearing tumor transplants. Twenty-five percent of the serum AFP from nude mice with tumor transplants bound with concanavalin A (Con A), suggesting that the tumor was of gastrointestinal rather than hepatic origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗