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Biomedical subjects

H Yano

Publications and source records attributed to H Yano.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Importance of basophilia in haematopoietic disorders.

To the significance of basophilia in haematopoietic disorders, six draw attention to cases have been analyzed. Associated diseases included acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML-M2, M3, M4, and M6), refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T). Two AML cases (M2, M6) were preceeded by myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). All patients showed greater than 3% basophilia in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Basophils were identified successfully by metachromatic staining with toluidine blue in all cases. Three patients (M3, M4, RAEB) presented with lymphadenopathy, suggesting an association with extramedullary involvement. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity was significantly reduced in four patients with AML (M2, M3, M4) and RAEB-T. The clinical course was generally unfavourable characterized by short remission duration or disease progression except for the patient with RAEB. Haemorrhage was the main cause of death rather than infection. Cytogenetic analysis revealed unique abnormalities involving chromosomes 3q21, 5q31, and 17q11 where the genes for some haematopoietic growth factors or their receptors are located, in addition to t(6;9) and t(15;17).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Analysis of 18 breast cancer patients with hypercalcemia].

A total of 91 breast cancer patients died of advanced and recurrent breast cancer at the Osaka Teishin Hospital from 1986 to 1996. There were 18 cases (19.8%) among them showing hypercalcemia (serum corrected Ca > or = 11.0 mg/dl). These 18 cases were analyzed to determine the incidence of hypercalcemia and to find a more effective treatment. All these patients had multiple bone metastases during their clinical course, and six patients (33.3%) had pathologic bone fracture just before the occurrence of hypercalcemia. Their common symptoms were general fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, renal dysfunction or neurological symptoms. There was no definitive correlation between clinical signs and serum calcium values. Among various therapies, the use of pamidronate disodium (Aredia) in combination with hydration, steroid and calcitonin was found to be the most effective treatment for hypercalcemia. The survival time from the diagnosis of hypercalcemia in the patients undergoing treatment with Aredia was significantly better than without it (p < 0.01). This suggests that Aredia should be effective and useful for advanced breast cancer patients with hypercalcemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Diagnostic features and therapeutic outcome of erosive and ulcerous endobronchial tuberculosis.

SETTING AND OBJECTIVE: Erosive and ulcerous endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is distinct from pulmonary tuberculosis in some aspects. We evaluated the clinical features of 56 patients (26 males and 30 females) with EBTB to characterize the clinical features of the disease. RESULTS: The chief complaint in 70% of patients was intractable cough, particularly in those with tracheal tuberculosis. The predominant radiological features were patchy bi-apical infiltrates of variable intensity without cavitation; for six patients, however, plain radiographs revealed no abnormalities. The ulcerous lesions could be classified into three stages: active, healing and scarring. Furthermore, we divided scarring stage into two subtypes, polypoid and non-polypoid. Most of the patients were treated with isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin (SM) or ethambutol. Approximately one-third of the patients, not randomly selected, were treated with aerosolized SM and corticosteroids in addition to conventional oral therapy. CONCLUSION: EBTB involves typical clinical and radiographic features. In this uncontrolled series, it was our impression that the period of time to healing of ulcerous lesions seemed to be shorter in those treated with aerosol therapy including streptomycin and corticosteroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[SLE with interstitial pneumonia during cyclophosphamide pulse therapy].

A 49 year-old man was admitted for edema and renal impairment due to SLE. Since he did not improve with predonisolone and methylprednisolone pulse therapy, cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (300 mg div.) was administered. The patient subsequently developed a fever, dyspnea and cough, and interstitial regions of the lungs exhibited shadows on X-ray and CT. The patient also suffered hypoxemia and poor lung function. Since several culture tests and viral antibody tests were negative for infection, antibiotics were not effective, and TBLB indicated interstitial pneumonia, which we speculated was induced by cyclophosphamide. However, this was such a severe case of interstitial pneumonia that it could not be cured merely by discontinuing the cyclophosphamide, but it did improve immediately after starting methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The incidence of cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial pneumonia is very low, but the mortality rate is high. Since cyclophosphamide pulse therapy is often used to treat SLE, attention should be focused on the incidence of interstitial pneumonia.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1997

Inorganic polyphosphate and the induction of rpoS expression.

Inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)] levels in Escherichia coli were reduced to barely detectable concentrations by expression of the plasmid-borne gene for a potent yeast exopolyphosphatase [poly(P)ase]. As a consequence, resistance to H2O2 was greatly diminished, particularly in katG (catalase HPI) mutants, implying a major role for the other catalase, the stationary-phase KatE (HPII), which is rpoS dependent. Resistance was restored to wild-type levels by complementation with plasmids expressing ppk, the gene for PPK [the polyphosphate kinase that generates poly(P)]. Induction of expression of both katE and rpoS (the stationary-phase sigma factor) was prevented in cells in which the poly(P)ase was overproduced. Inasmuch as this inhibition by poly(P)ase did not affect the levels of the stringent-response guanosine nucleotides (pppGpp and ppGpp) and in view of the capacity of additional rpoS expression to suppress the poly(P)ase inhibition of katE expression, a role is proposed for poly(P) in inducing the expression of rpoS.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1997

Ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor lessens the rat gastric carcinogenesis enhancement caused by tyrosine methyl ester.

The effects of combined administration of a catecholamine precursor, tyrosine methyl ester (TME), and an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), on the incidence of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), the norepinephrine (NE) concentration and ODC activity of the gastric wall, and the labeling index of the gastric mucosa were investigated in inbred Wistar rats. Rats received s.c. injections of TME, 512 mg/kg body weight, every other day and drinking water with or without 2.5 g/l of DAP after 25 weeks of oral administration of MNNG. At week 52, administration of TME resulted in significant increases in the incidence of gastric cancers, in the NE concentration and the ODC activity of the antral portion of the gastric wall, and in the labeling index of antral epithelial cells. Administration of both TME and DAP significantly reduced the enhancements by TME of gastric carcinogenesis, NE concentration and ODC activity of the antral wall, and the labeling index of the antral mucosa. Our results suggest that ODC inhibition lessens enhancement by TME of gastric carcinogenesis and that the enhancement by TME of gastric carcinogenesis is mediated in part by polyamine biosynthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Increase in serum leptin and uterine leptin receptor messenger RNA levels during pregnancy in rats.

Pregnancy is a physiological state associated with significant changes in appetite, thermogenesis, and lipid metabolism, functions which are regulated in part by a hormone, leptin, secreted by adipocytes. Leptin has also been shown to have a role in reproduction, promoting centrally-regulated maturation of the reproductive system and signaling the presence of adequate maternal energy stores for fertility. Here we demonstrate that serum leptin levels are modulated during normal rat pregnancy with a 1.8-fold increase during pregnancy followed by a decrease just before parturition. Leptin receptor mRNA levels in the uterus are also regulated with an increase about 2.7-fold during this same period, whereas there is no change in other tissues examined. The results suggest that leptin may play a role during pregnancy, perhaps regulating energy utilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Suppression of experimental lung colonization of mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26 in vivo by an anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody recognizing a platelet surface molecule.

The interaction between platelets and tumor cells is important in the formation of pulmonary metastasis. We previously established the 8F11 monoclonal antibody (mAb) by immunizing rats with the NL-17 cell line, a highly metastatic variant of mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26. 8F11 could inhibit the platelet aggregation in vitro and suppress the pulmonary metastasis in vivo by NL-17 cells. 8F11 recognized the Mr 44,000 sialoglycoprotein (gp44) on NL-17 cells, and the affinity-purified gp44 alone could induce platelet aggregation. Therefore, 8F11 might inhibit gp44-induced platelet aggregation by masking the epitope of gp44 that interacted with unknown molecule(s) on the platelet surface. To identify the platelet antigen that interacted with gp44, we generated anti-idiotype mAbs by immunizing rats with 8F11. Two of the established mAbs, AIP1 and AIP4, recognized not only 8F11 but also the Mr 160,000 platelet surface protein. AIP4 mAb could also inhibit the NL-17 cell-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with AIP4 mAb suppressed the pulmonary metastasis of NL-17 cells in vivo. These results suggest that the Mr 160,000 platelet antigen participates in the NL-17 cell-induced platelet aggregation and colonization of NL-17 cells in the lung by interacting with the gp44 of NL-17 cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Defective prohormone processing and altered pancreatic islet morphology in mice lacking active SPC2.

The prohormone convertase SPC2 (PC2) participates in the processing of proinsulin, proglucagon, and a variety of other neuroendocrine precursors, acting either alone or in conjunction with the structurally related dense-core granule convertase SPC3 (PC3/PC1). We have generated a strain of mice lacking active SPC2 by introducing the neomycin resistance gene (Neor) into the third exon of the mSPC2 gene. This gene insertion results in the synthesis of an exon 3-deleted form of SPC2 that does not undergo autoactivation and is not secreted. The homozygous mutant mice appear to be normal at birth. However, they exhibit a small decrease in rate of growth. They also have chronic fasting hypoglycemia and a reduced rise in blood glucose levels during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, which is consistent with a deficiency of circulating glucagon. The processing of proglucagon, prosomatostatin, and proinsulin in the alpha, delta, and beta cells, respectively, of the pancreatic islets is severely impaired. The islets in mutant mice at 3 months of age show marked hyperplasia of alpha and delta cells and a relative diminution of beta cells. SPC2-defective mice offer many possibilities for further delineating neuroendocrine precursor processing mechanisms and for exploring more fully the physiological roles of many neuropeptides and peptide hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Enhancement by ethyl alcohol of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosomorpholine.

The effects of ethyl alcohol (EtOH) during or after treatment with N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) on hepatocarcinogenesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the labeling index of the liver were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were given drinking water containing NNM for 8 weeks and received i.p. injections of 1 g EtOH/kg body weight every other day during or after treatment with NNM. Pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions staining positively for glutathione-S-transferase, placental type (GST-P), were examined immunohistochemically. At the end of experiment at week 16, administration of EtOH after NNM treatment had no significant effect on the number and size of GST-P-positive hepatic lesions, whereas administration of EtOH during NNM treatment significantly increased the number and percentage area but not the mean area of GST-P-positive hepatic lesions. EtOH caused significant increases in the ODC activity of the liver and in the labeling indices of enzyme-altered lesions and the adjacent hepatocytes after the cessation of EtOH administration but not during EtOH treatment. Our findings indicate that EtOH enhances hepatocarcinogenesis and suggest that this effect may be closely related to the increases in ODC activity and cell proliferation in enzyme-altered lesions and the adjacent liver after EtOH treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Primary pleomorphic adenoma in posterior cranial fossa.

A 35-year-old woman had an intradural tumor in the posterior fossa adjacent to the posterior wall of the left pyramidal bone, which was totally removed and histologically diagnosed as a pleomorphic adenoma. Follow-up examination for 2 years showed no recurrence of the tumor. There was no primary lesion in any other gland of the body, and therefore there is no alternative but to conclude a "migration" of some gland cells. The pathogenesis of this tumor remains unclassified.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1997

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) modulates pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene regulation in stably transfected AtT-20 cells overexpressing LIF.

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) levels are elevated in sepsis and correlate with shock and poor prognosis. We have previously shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces hypothalamic and pituitary LIF expression in vivo, which is associated with the acute rise in circulating adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels. As AtT-20 cells respond to LIF, we established murine LIF (mLIF) stably transfected AtT-20 cell lines to study LIF regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression and ACTH secretion. Our results show that mLIF transfectants accumulated mLIF (up to 15.6 +/- 3.2 ng/mL after 24 h) as well as increased ACTH secretion (up to 2.4-fold above control cells) in conditioned medium. The magnitude of ACTH induction correlated with mLIF concentrations in different transfectants (r = 0.75-0.88, p < 0.05). Moreover, mLIF transfectants showed a higher sensitivity to CRH stimulation with an increased ACTH production within 8 h (p < 0.05), whereas control cells were responsive to CRH at 24 h. Additionally, mLIF transfectants exhibited a maximum threefold ACTH induction, compared to 1.7-fold in control cells. Furthermore, mLIF transfectants have a blunted dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of ACTH (35% inhibition in control cells vs no inhibition in mLIF-transfected cells at 24 h). These findings support and extend the previous observations of LIF acting at the pituitary level, and indicate that mLIF stably-transfected AtT-20 cells are a useful model for studying mLIF-mediated gene regulation in pituicytes.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1997

Enhancement by monochloramine of the development of gastric cancers in rats: a possible mechanism of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.

The effects of cytotoxic monochloramine on the development of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were investigated in Wistar rats. After oral administration of drinking water containing the carcinogen and regular chow pellets for 25 weeks, rats received regular chow pellets or chow pellets containing 20% ammonium acetate, and normal tap water or water containing 30 mM sodium hypochlorite, with or without s.c. injection of taurine, until the end of the experiment in week 52. Treatment with both ammonium acetate and sodium hypochlorite significantly increased the incidence of gastric cancers in week 52, while the concomitant use of taurine with ammonium acetate and sodium hypochlorite significantly attenuated the enhanced gastric carcinogenesis. Spectrophotometric examinations revealed that taurine scavenged monochloramine. These findings suggest that Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis may be mediated by monochloramine.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Gastric cancer associated with overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and PTH/PTHrP receptor in relation to tumor progression.

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is involved in cell proliferation in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues. We describe an autopsy case of gastric cancer in a patient who showed serum hypercalcemia and overexpression of PTHrP and PTH/PTHrP receptor in the metastatic tumor cells. The primary gastric tumor was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and multiple metastases were present in the bone, multiple visceral organs, peritoneum, and lymph nodes. PTHrP and its mRNA were detected only in the metastatic tumor cells, but not in primary gastric tumor. PTH/PTHrP receptor was also demonstrated immunohistologically in metastatic tumor cells. This case suggests that the expression of PTHrP is related to tumor progression and the poor prognosis in tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia.

Humans↗