The history and current status of echocardiography in China.
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China↗
Biomedical subjects
H Yang
Publications and source records attributed to H Yang.
[Determination of baicalin in xiaoer feire kechuan mixture by dual-wavelength spectrophotometry].
A method for the determination of baicalin in traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoer Feire Kechuan Mixture with dual-wavelength spectrophotometry is described. The interference of coexisting ingredients may be eliminated without separation of the samples. Both 751 and UV-3000 spectrophotometers were used.
Drug Combinations↗
[Selection of culture media for human and rabbit corneal epithelia].
Five (5) culture media of MEM, DMEM, Ham's F12, DMEM+F12, and RPMI 1640 were used to culture the human and rabbit corneal epithelia, in order to find the best suited media for the purposes. It was found that rabbit corneal epithelium grew best in DMEM+F12, with good adhesion to the wall, cell multiplication, and sheet formation, while RPMI 1640 was suitable for human corneal epithelium. The authors discussed the ingredients of suitable media and their effects on the growth of cells.
Animals↗
[High-yield agronomic measures of Curcuma longa L].
A method of orthogonal conic combinatorial design has been employed in the study of high-yield agronomic measures of C. longa. The results show that by increasing plants/mu and postponing sowing date, the yield is 50% higher than before, mathematical model of yield on plants/mu and sowing date were established, which can be used to predict the yield and explore optimal agronomic measures.
Plants, Medicinal↗
[Report of 4 cases of Chlamydia infection in the urogenital tract].
Four cases of Chlamydia infection of the urogenital tract were received-recently in our out-patient clinic for foreign patients. The 4 patients were two couples. Both male patients had histories of coitus with other partners: among these two, one had suffered gonorrhea and the other was suspected of having had gonorrhea. Urogenital tract symptoms or sustained abnormal urine analysis results are characteristic of this disease, but in females often no obvious symptoms present. Measurements with fluorescence-labeled Chlamydia trachomatis monoclonal antibody provided a simple and accurate method and was used in the diagnosis of this disease. All the 4 cases were cured by tetracycline. Finally, current epidemics, infectious features, diagnosis and treatment for this disease are discussed.
Adult↗
1291 cases of cholelithiasis treated with electric shock on otoacupoints.
Since 1985, the authors began to use electric shock on otoacupoints of varying electric resistance for the treatment of cholelithiasis. The instrument used was the Channel Therapeutic Instrument made in China, and the otoacupoints of varying electric resistance were Sympathetic, Pancreas--Gall Bladder, Stomach, Liver, Sanjiao, Endocrine, and Ermigen. In the 1291 cases treated, the total effective rate was 99.69%, the rate of calculus excretion was 91.32%, and the rate of total excretion was 19.51%. The composition of the calculi was cholesterol crystals (31.25%), bilirubin crystals (28.17%), and mixed crystals (40.58%). The largest calculus excreted was an extrahepatic biliary duct calculus of 1.75 cm X 1.5 cm; the largest number of calculi excreted was 152 cholecystic stones 0.3 cm X 0.5 cm in size. In 100 random cases, the biliary system was shown to manifest vigorous dilations and constrictions under Ultrasonic B-scan when the relevant otoacupoints were stimulated with electric shock. Among the 78 control cases, no cholecystic stones were excreted, inspite of the Magnesium Sulfate, Folium Cassiae and fatty meals administered to many cases with constipation.
Acupuncture Points↗
Microinjection of TRH analogs into the raphe pallidus stimulates gastric acid secretion in the rat.
The effects of microinjection of the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, RX 77368, [pGlu-His-(3,3'-dimethyl)-Pro-NH2] into the raphe pallidus on gastric acid secretion were studied in urethane-anesthetized rats with gastric fistula. RX 77368 microinjected into the raphe pallidus at doses of 0.07, 0.7 and 7.7 pmol induced a dose-dependent net stimulation of gastric acid secretion (7 +/- 4, 50 +/- 7 and 61 +/- 12 mumol/h respectively). The peak acid response was reached within 30 min and returned to basal level 90 min post-injection. The stimulatory effect was abolished by bilateral cervical vagotomy and pirenzepine pretreatment (1 mg/kg, i.v.). RX 77368 (7.7 pmol) microinjected into the inferior olive or pyramidal tract induced smaller or no gastric acid secretory response. These results demonstrate that chemical stimulation of the raphe pallidus increases gastric acid secretion through vagal pathways and peripheral muscarinic receptors. These data suggest that the nucleus raphe pallidus may be involved in vagal modulation of gastric acid secretion in the rat.
Animals↗
Role of acetylcholine, histamine and gastrin in the acid response to intracisternal injection of TRH analog, RX 77368, in the rat.
The role of gastrin, acetylcholine and histamine in the acid response to central vagal activation induced by intracisternal injection of the stable analog, RX 77368, was further investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats with gastric fistula. The gastrin monoclonal antibody 28-2 injected intravenously, at a dose previously shown to prevent gastrin-induced stimulation of acid secretion, did not alter the peak acid response to intracisternal injection of RX 77368 (15 ng). The TRH analog (30 ng) injected into the cisterna magna increased levels of histamine measured in the hepatic portal blood. Cimetidine administered at a dose which completely blocked the stimulation of gastric acid secretion produced by intravenous infusion of histamine, inhibited by 62% the stimulatory effect of intracisternal RX 77368 (30 ng). The M1 muscarinic antagonist, pirenzepine, completely prevented the acid secretion induced by intracisternal RX 77368 (30 ng). These results indicate that the acid response to central vagal activation by the TRH analog in rats involved M1 muscarinic receptors along with histamine release acting on H2 histaminergic receptors whereas gastrin does not appear to play an important role.
Acetylcholine↗
Formation of the 3 end of U1 snRNA.
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Animals↗
Hemostatic changes in women using a monthly injectable contraceptive for one year.
The effect of consecutively injecting a one-a-month contraceptive (norethisterone enantate 50 mg with estradiol valerate 5 mg) for one year on haematological parameters was evaluated in 42 Chinese women. The healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (22) or a control group (20). Blood samples were collected in the follicular and luteal phases of a pretreatment cycle, on days 28 +/- 3 after the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th injections and in the luteal phase of the post-treatment cycle. The results showed that in both groups, prothrombin time and fibrinogen fluctuated significantly, and leucocyte count was not significantly changed during the whole course. Factor VIII-related antigen and antithrombin III (AT-III) antigen showed minor changes, although in the 3rd treatment cycle, the differences between the two groups in both parameters reached statistical significance. A progressive and significant decrease in Factor X and AT-III functional activity occurred with the monthly injectable treatment, decreasing by about 14% and 20%, respectively, after 12 months of treatment. Haemoglobin levels were increased in the treatment group after the 3rd injection and remained at the higher level during the study period. It is doubtful whether these changes are likely to be of clinical relevance.
Adult↗
Central action of recombinant interleukin-1 to inhibit acid secretion in rats.
The influence of recombinant human interleukins-1 beta and -1 alpha and rat interleukin-1 beta on gastric acid secretion was investigated in awake rats with pylorus ligation. IC injection of either human interleukin-1 beta, human interleukin-1 alpha, or rat interleukin-1 beta induced a dose-dependent inhibition of gastric acid output. At IC doses less than 100 ng, human interleukin-1 beta was more effective than the other forms or sources of interleukin-1, whereas at higher doses (100-500 ng), human interleukins-1 beta and -1 alpha and rat interleukin-1 beta were equipotent. The inhibitory effect was observed 30 minutes after interleukin-1 injection and maintained throughout the 6-hour experimental period. IC injection of interleukin-1 beta inhibited vagally stimulated gastric acid secretion induced by IC injection of the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue RX 77368. Indomethacin (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, IP, -30 minutes) induced a dose-related prevention of the inhibitory effect of IC interleukin-1 beta. IC injection of the corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist alpha-CRF9-41, bilateral adrenalectomy, and noradrenergic blockade with bretylium did not influence the antisecretory effect of interleukin-1. Polypeptide action was not related to changes in circulating gastrin levels. Human interleukin-1 beta injected IV also inhibited gastric acid secretion, but the peripheral dose required to induce a significant effect was 10(3)-fold higher than when given centrally. These results show that IC interleukin-1 beta acts centrally to induce a long-lasting inhibition of gastric acid secretion, and this effect requires the integrity of prostaglandin pathways. These data suggest a possible interaction between the immune and gastrointestinal systems.
Animals↗
Somatostatin monoclonal antibody immunoneutralization increases gastrin and gastric acid secretion in urethane-anesthetized rats.
The role of endogenous somatostatin in mediating urethane anesthesia-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion was investigated using measurement of somatostatin messenger RNA concentrations in the antrum and the influence of somatostatin monoclonal antibody CURE.S6 on acid secretion in rats anesthetized with urethane and acutely implanted with gastric fistulas. Fifteen minutes after injection of urethane, somatostatin messenger RNA concentrations were increased by 128% compared with those in nontreated rats. The significant elevation of somatostatin messenger RNA was maintained for 2 hours after injection. Somatostatin monoclonal antibody injected intravenously (2 mg) completely reversed the inhibitory effect of somatostatin (20 micrograms/kg.h) on pentagastrin (24 micrograms/kg.h)-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The somatostatin monoclonal antibody dose dependently increased basal gastric acid secretion in urethane-anesthetized rats. Peak acid response to the somatostatin monoclonal antibody (2 mg) was observed 20 minutes after antibody injection (preinjection, 1.4 +/- 1.2 mumol/10 min; postinjection, 10.6 +/- 0.6 mumol/10 min); meanwhile, levels of plasma gastrin increased from 27 +/- 6 pg/mL to 75 +/- 8 pg/mL and were maintained elevated for the 2-hour experimental period. When gastrin monoclonal antibody 28.2 was injected together with somatostatin monoclonal antibody, the stimulatory effect of the somatostatin antibody was inhibited by 82%. A control monoclonal antibody 109-21 directed against the biologically inactive glycine-extended fragment 66-72 of progastrin did not alter basal gastric acid secretion or the inhibitory effect of somatostatin. These results indicate that one mechanism by which urethane induced low basal gastric acid secretion involved increased synthesis and release of endogenous somatostatin and associated inhibition of gastrin secretion.
Anesthetics↗
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on growth and hepatic insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in the rat.
Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus in humans and animals is often accompanied by impaired growth. We undertook this study in young rats to determine whether the reduction in growth rate associated with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes might be related to changes in both serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II levels, and, if so, whether these changes reflect alterations in serum growth hormone (GH) and in hepatic IGF-I and IGF-II gene expression. Serum rat GH (rGH) levels were variable during the first 4 days after STZ administration, but during the subsequent 5- to 11-day period the mean (+/- SEM) levels in insulin-treated (DI) (21.4 +/- 4.9 ng/mL) and untreated (D) (8.5 +/- 1.5 ng/ml) diabetic rats were significantly (P less than .001) lower than in controls (C) (117.8 +/- 22.9 ng/mL). Multiple transcripts of IGF-I (7.0, 4.0, 1.9, 1.0 kb), but barely detectable amounts of IGF-II mRNA, were found in the livers of normal and diabetic rats by Northern blot analysis. Using dot blot analysis, we have shown that the abundance of total hepatic IGF-I mRNA in untreated, growth-retarded diabetic animals decreases rapidly over a period of 3 days after STZ administration. Both serum IGF-I and IGF-II levels are also diminished during this interval in these markedly hyperglycemic rats. Insulin treatment for 3 to 4 days, started either immediately (6 hours) or within 3 days after administering STZ, blunts diabetes-induced impairment of growth and restores mean hepatic IGF-I mRNA abundance to control levels, but does not normalize serum IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Selective inhibition of urokinase by substituted phenylguanidines: quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses.
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Binding Sites↗
The effects of moderate exercise training on natural killer cells and acute upper respiratory tract infections.
A randomly controlled 15-wk exercise training (ET) study (five 45-min sessions/wk, brisk walking at 60% heart rate reserve) with a group of 36 mildly obese, sedentary women was conducted to investigate the relationship between improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, changes in natural killer (NK) cell number and activity, and acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI) symptomatology. The study was conducted using a 2 (exercise and nonexercise groups) x 3 (baseline, 6-, and 15-wk testing sessions) factorial design, with data analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. No significant change in NK cell number occurred as a result of ET as measured by the CD16 and Leu-19 monoclonal antibodies. ET did have a significant effect on NK cell activity (E:T 50:1) especially during the initial 6-wk period [F(2.68) = 12.34, p less than 0.001]. Using data from daily logs kept by each subject, the exercise group was found to have significantly fewer URI symptom days/incident than the nonexercise group (3.6 +/- 0.7 vs 7.0 +/- 1.4 days, respectively, p = 0.049). Improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness was correlated significantly with a reduction in URI symptom days/incident (r = 0.37, p = 0.025) and a change in NK cell activity from baseline to six but not 15 wks (r = 0.35, p = 0.036). In summary, moderate ET is associated with elevated NK cell activity after six but not 15 weeks, and reduced URI symptomatology in comparison to a randomized, sedentary control group.
Adult↗
Brain regulation of gastric acid secretion by peptides. Sites and mechanisms of action.
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Animals↗
Active specific immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. A clinical trial with mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies elicited with syngeneic anti-high-molecular-weight-melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibodies.
In two clinical trials the mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody (MAb) MF11-30, which bears the internal image of human high-molecular-weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) was administered by subcutaneous route without adjuvants to patients with stage IV malignant melanoma on day 0, 7, and 28. Additional injections were administered if anti-antiidiotypic antibodies were not found or their titer decreased. In the first phase I trial with 16 patients the initial dose was 0.5 mg per injection and escalated to 4 mg per injection. Neither toxicity nor allergic reactions were observed despite the development of anti-mouse Ig antibodies. Minor responses were observed in three patients. In a second clinical trial MAb MF11-30 was administered to 21 patients at a dose of 2 mg per injection, since this dose had been shown in the initial study to be effective in inducing anti-antiidiotypic antibodies. Two patients were inevaluable; in the remaining 19 patients, the average duration of treatment was 34 wk. In this trial as well, neither toxicity nor allergic reactions were observed. 17 of the 19 immunized patients increased the levels of anti-mouse Ig antibodies and 16 developed antibodies that inhibit the binding of antiidiotypic MAb MF11-30 to the immunizing anti-HMW-MAA MAb 225.28. One patient increased the level of anti-HMW-MAA antibodies. One patient achieved a complete remission with disappearance of multiple abdominal lymph nodes for a duration of 95 wk. Minor responses were observed in three patients. These results suggest that mouse antiidiotypic MAb that bear the internal image of HMW-MAA may be useful reagents to implement active specific immunotherapy in patients with melanoma.
Adult↗
The effects of in vitro hyperthermia on natural killer activity from lung, blood and spleen.
The in vitro effects of hyperthermia on natural killer (NK) activity from rat lung, peripheral blood and spleen were assessed. NK activity of all three compartments was very sensitive to heat shock. Exposure at 42.5 degrees C for 30 min resulted in more than 95% inhibition of NK activity. Conjugate-formation assays revealed that the mechanisms of hyperthermic NK inactivation are associated with post-binding lytic events. However, hyperthermia treated NK cells could partially recover their cytotoxic activity. Unheated lung lymphocytes (LL) were more sensitive to hyperthermic inhibition than spleen (SL) and blood (PBL) lymphocytes but they were also able to recover to a greater extent from such inactivation. Moreover, the responsiveness of NK cells from lung, blood and spleen to interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) was altered differently by heat shock. Hyperthermia treatment increased the ability of NK cells from blood to respond to IL-2 or IFN-alpha/beta. Similarly hyperthermia treated NK cells from spleen were more responsive to IFN-alpha/beta. By contrast such treatment did not change significantly the responsiveness of lung NK cells to these agents. Taken together, our findings indicate that NK cells from various compartments behave differently in response to hyperthermia treatment. Moreover, it suggests that hyperthermia treatment does not irreversibly comprise the host natural killer response and may even in some cases increase NK cell responsiveness to biological response modifiers (BRM).
Animals↗