[Survey on filariasis in Yunnan Province].
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China↗
Biomedical subjects
H Yang
Publications and source records attributed to H Yang.
[Plasma branched-chain ketoacids metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure after oral administration of ketosteril].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolism of branched-chain ketoacids (BCKA) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and healthy control after an oral dose of ketosteril. METHODS: To determine plasma concentration of BCKA by gas chromatography/mass spectrography(GC/MS). RESULTS: Fasting plasma concentration of ketoisocaproate (KICA) and ketomethylvalerate(KMVA) in patients with CRF were lower than that of healthy control; The Cmax of KICA, KMVA and ketoisovalerate (KIVA) were (67.7 +/- 12.9), (57.8 +/- 10.3), (30.3 +/- 5.3) mumol/L; Tmax were (43.8 +/- 5.7), (58.1 +/- 4.6), (43.8 +/- 4.5) min; T1/2 were (108.5 +/- 12), (105 +/- 16.6), (116.8 +/- 18) min respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Absorption of BCKA in ketosteril had no significant difference between CRF patients and healthy controls; ketosteril could be used to treat CRF patients effectively.
Administration, Oral↗
[Construction of a pufferfish gridded cosmid library].
OBJECTIVE: Pufferfish is a newly-established model organism in human genome research, which has been demonstrated its unique advantages in comparative genomics. Construction of a genomic library of pufferfish is the prerequisite to any studies of its genome. METHODS: Genomic DNA from Fugu rubripes, a species distribute only in Japan and China seas, was used to construct a library in a novel cosmid vector, named sCOGH2, which contains an exon-trapping cassette. RESULTS: This library is composed of 57,600 clones gridded in 60,096-well cell culture plates, one clone each well. The average size of the inserts is around 35 kb. It provides 99.2% probability to find any unique DNA fragment of pufferfish in this library. The clones of this library can survive after more than 10 times freeze-thaw, also demonstrating high stability in propagation. The clones shone highly positive signals when hybridized with the pufferfish genomic DNA. CONCLUSIONS: The library accords with qualitative demands of a cosmid library.
Animals↗
[Experimental studies of Chinese taihe chicken on effects of "Qi" reinforcing and "Yin" nourishing].
The "Qi" deficiency and "Yin" deficiency rats were fed with Chinese Taihe Chicken or common Chicken. The results showed: Chinese Taihe Chicken and common Chicken could all improve in part the "Qi" deficiency of rats caused by forced swimming, furthermore, the effect of Chinese Taihe Chicken was better than that of common Chicken. Chinese Taihe Chicken could obviously reduce the activity of adenosine triphosphatase of kidney tissue of "Yin" deficiency rats caused by injecting thyroxine. It suggested that Chinese Taihe Chicken could nourish the "Yin".
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
[Karyotype analysis of Carpesium cernuum].
The paper reported the chromosome number, karyotype and chromosome volume of Carpesium cernuum. The normal diploid was 2n = 40, karyotype formula based on Levan's publication was k(2n) = 40 = 24 m + 12 sm + 2 st + 2T. According to the method of S. R. Kuo, the chromosome relative length was 2n = 40 = 8L + 6M2 + 16M1 + 10S, which belong to "2B" type according to the Stebbins' karyotype classification. The AS.K% was 62.35% from Arano's method. The total volume of chromosome groups was 13.76 microns 3.
Asteraceae↗
[Soluble IL-2 receptor levels in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy].
OBJECTIVE: Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in sera with Graves' ophthmopathy was investigated for its relationship to the clinical manifestations and therapeutic effects. METHODS: sIL-2R levels were measured in sera of 41 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy which had not yet received specific treatment for their ophthalmopathy and euthyroid during the entire study period and 49 normal subjects. RESULTS: In untreated patients, the mean levels of sIL-2R were significantly higher than those in the normal subjects (P < 0.001). There was no difference in the levels of sIL-2R between patients with hyperthyriod Graves' ophthalmopathy and those with enthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy. The levels of sIL-2R in patients with response for corticosteoids treatment were significantly higher than that in patients with non-response for corticosteoids treatment (P < 0.001), but there were no differences between the each class present in the NOSPECS classification of ophthalmopathy. 12 patients with response for corticosreoids had lower sIL-2R levels After 3-month treatment than pertreatment. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that elevated sIL-2R levels in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy may be derived from ophthalmopathy itself, e.g. intra-orbital activated lymphocytes, and serve as a useful parameter to evaluate clinical activity score and predict value of corticosteoids treatment outcome.
Adult↗
[Intraobserver reproducibility study of parameters for measurement of position and height of ciliary process by ultrasound biomicroscopy].
OBJECTIVE: To search for suitable measurement parameters for the study of the position and height of cilliary process by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), to test the intraobserver measurement reproducibility of the new parameters we designed as well as the old ones. METHODS: Five parameters: TCPD, A angle, B angle, theta 4 angle and T value, are measured in 21 pieces of UBM image by one observer on five separate occasions. The intraobserver reproducibility is assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) and the difference among the parameters is tested by grouped T-test. RESULTS: Among 21 images, parameter A angle and T value have no image with CV > 10%, TCPD and B angle have 2 respectively and theta 4 angle has 5. As to average variation level, A angle is lower than TCPD, theta 4 angle is higher than TCPD, both differences of which are significant, and B angle and TCPD are about the same level, the difference between them is not significant. CONCLUSION: Among all the parameters reflecting the position of ciliary process in UBM image, A angle has the best intraobserver reliability, TCPD and B angle are less reliable, theta 4 angle has the worst reliability. The parameter reflecting the height of ciliary process, T value has very good intraobserver reliability.
Adolescent↗
[Medical value of humic acid].
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Animals↗
[Treatment of Oral fichen planus with Traditionalchinese Medicine No.2 and Transferring Factor]
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Journal Article↗
Apoptosis of lymphocytes in canine peripheral blood induced by shock vibration and its mechanism.
We investigated the mechanism of apoptosis induced by shock vibration in canine peripheral lymphocytes, the T-lymphocyte changes, and the expression of p53 and bax gene products related to apoptosis using the techniques of immuno- and enzyme cytochemistry. We noted obvious apoptosis after delivery of 80, 100, and 200 acceleration of gravity values (G values). The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes was directly proportional to the G value. On the 3rd day after injury, the number of apoptotic lymphocytes reached the peak value, which was about 5 to 8 times the amount in the control group. On the contrary, on day 3 after injury, T lymphocytes decreased and were about 50% of the control group. On the other hand, we found that the percentage of p53 and bax-positive lymphocytes distinctly increased and, on the 3rd day after injury, their number was, respectively, about 2.3 and 1.8 times that in the control groups, suggesting that they may play an important role in lymphocyte apoptosis. The above-mentioned results provide an important basis for further study of the mechanism of shock-vibration injury, its prevention, and treatment.
Animals↗
Apoptosis of circulating lymphocytes induced by whole body gamma-irradiation and its mechanism.
We studied the apoptosis of mousecirculating lymphocytes and its mechanism induced by 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of whole-body gamma-irradiation and the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products as related to apoptosis. We found that, in the early stage after irradiation (4th-7th day), the percentage of lymphocyte apoptosis increased rapidly. Four hours after 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of gamma-irradiation, the apoptotic lymphocytes were 2.6, 3.8, 5.5, and 10.4 times those in the controls, respectively. A good correlation was found between the intensity of apoptosis and the radiation dose. As the radiation dose increased, the absolute counts of peripheral lymphocytes decreased sharply; 4 hours after 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of gamma-irradiation, the lymphocyte counts were 82, 63, 47, and 22% of the controls, respectively. The peak value of lymphocyte apoptosis was observed on the 7th day after irradiation using the in situ terminal labeling method, and the apoptotic lymphocytes were found to be 16 times the number in the controls. These results were in accordance with those obtained by the May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining method. The absolute counts of peripheral lymphocytes dropped to their lowest value on the 7th day after irradiation, suggesting that lymphocyte apoptosis might be the major cause of lymphocytopenia in the early stage after irradiation. The abnormal expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products in irradiated lymphocytes was closely related to apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes.
Animals↗
Apoptosis of hemopoietic cells in irradiated mouse bone marrow.
Apoptosis of hemopoietic cells in bone marrow following radiation has been rarely reported, let alone studied quantitatively and pathologically. LACA mice were irradiated with 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 Gy gamma-rays, and the bone marrow was examined at 6 hours, 1 day, and 3 days after radiation. Semi-thin and thin sections were examined by light and electron microscopy. The number and area density of the apoptotic cells were assessed by means of a Cambridge Quantimet 970 Image Analyzer. We found that apoptosis occurred in only a few hemopoietic cells in the control mouse bone marrow, whereas 6 hours after radiation there were many apoptotic hemopoietic cells in each sample of irradiated bone marrow. Compared with controls, both the number and area density of the apoptotic cells markedly increased in the bone marrow of animals in every radiation dose group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the number and area density increased as the radiation dose increased. Our findings suggest that apoptosis is the main mode of radiation-induced hemopoietic cell death.
Animals↗
Translocation efficiency, susceptibility to proteasomal degradation, and lipid responsiveness of apolipoprotein B are determined by the presence of beta sheet domains.
Apolipoprotein (apo) B100 is an atypical secretory protein in that its translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is inefficient, resulting in the partial translocation and exposure of apoB100 on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. Cytosolic exposure leads to the association of nascent apoB with heat shock protein 70 and to its predisposition to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The basis for the inefficient translocation of apoB100 remains unclear and controversial. To test the hypothesis that beta sheet domains present in apoB100 contribute to its inefficient translocation, we created human apoB chimeric constructs apoB13,16 and apoB13,13,16, which contain amino-terminal alpha globular domains but no beta sheet domains, and apoB13,16,beta, which has an amphipathic beta sheet domain of apoB100 inserted into apoB13,16. These constructs, along with carboxyl-terminal truncations of apoB100, apoB34 and apoB42, were used to transfect HepG2 and Chinese hamster ovary cells. In contrast to the lack of effect of proteinase K on apoB13,16 and apoB13,13,16, the levels of apoB34, apoB42, and apoB13,16,beta were decreased by 70-85% after proteinase K-induced proteolysis in both HepG2 and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Either oleic acid or proteasomal inhibitors (N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal and lactacystin) significantly increased the cell levels of apoB13,16,beta, apoB34, apoB42, and full-length apoB100 but had no effect on the cell levels of apoB13,16 and apoB13,13,16. When HepG2 cells were incubated with a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor, the cellular levels of apoB13,16,beta, apoB34, and apoB42 were decreased by 70-80%, whereas the levels of apoB13,16 and apoB13,13,16 were unaffected. The effects of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibition were reversed by lactacystin. Our results clearly demonstrate that the translocation efficiency, susceptibility to proteasomal degradation, and lipid responsiveness of apoB were determined by the presence of a lipid binding beta sheet domain. It is possible that beta sheet domains may at least transiently facilitate the interaction of apoB with the lipid bilayer surrounding the translocation channel.
Apolipoprotein B-100↗
Endogenous E2F-1 promotes timely G0 exit of resting mouse embryo fibroblasts.
Much evidence strongly suggests a positive role for one or more E2F species in the control of exit from G0/G1. Results described here provide direct evidence that endogenous E2F-1, as predicted, contributes to progression from G0 to S. By contrast, cycling cells lacking an intact E2F-1 gene demonstrated normal cell cycle distribution. Therefore, E2F-1 exerts a unique function leading to timely G0 exit of resting cultured primary cells, while at the same time being unnecessary for normal G1 to S phase progression of cycling cells.
Animals↗
Secular trends in preterm birth: a hospital-based cohort study.
CONTEXT: Canada and the United States have reported a recent increase in the incidence of preterm birth, but the reasons for this increase are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess secular trends in preterm birth and its potential determinants. DESIGN: Hospital-based cohort study. SETTING: Canadian tertiary care university teaching hospital, 1978-1996. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 65574 nonreferred live births and stillbirths. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in occurrence of preterm birth, before and after adjustment for changes in method of gestational age assessment, obstetric intervention, registration of births weighing less than 500 g, and sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical determinants. RESULTS: A crude secular increase in preterm births was seen for births less than 37, 34, and 32 completed weeks using 3 alternative gestational age estimation methods. Based on an algorithm incorporating both menstrual and early ultrasound gestational age estimates, rates increased from 6.6% to 9.8% for births at less than 37 weeks' gestation, 1.7% to 2.3% at less than 34 weeks, and 1.0% to 1.2% at less than 32 weeks. Exclusion of births weighing less than 500 g and those with induction or preterm cesarean delivery without labor before each of the corresponding gestational age cutoffs eliminated the secular trends for births before 34 and 32 weeks and attenuated the trend for births before 37 weeks. Nearly half of the remaining trend for births before 37 weeks was accounted for by the increasing use of early ultrasound dating. The residual trend was eliminated after controlling for secular increases in unmarried status and the proportion of women aged 35 years or older. These factors, combined with a decrease in alcohol consumption and increases in histological chorioamnionitis and cocaine use, appear to have counteracted a reduction in preterm birth since the mid-1980s that otherwise would have been observed. CONCLUSIONS: This hospital's increase in preterm births since 1978 parallels increases reported in population-based national studies from the United States and Canada. This trend appears largely attributable to the increasing use of early ultrasound dating, preterm induction and preterm cesarean delivery without labor, and changes in sociodemographic and behavioral factors.
Canada↗
Autocrine transforming growth factor alpha provides a growth advantage to malignant cells by facilitating re-entry into the cell cycle from suboptimal growth states.
CBS human colon carcinoma cells are poorly tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, whereas FET colon carcinoma cells are non-tumorigenic. Both cell lines have well differentiated properties in tissue culture. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was ectopically expressed by stable transfection of a TGF-alpha cDNA under repressible tetracycline control. The TGF-alpha-transfected cells showed enhanced clonal initiation and shortened lag phase growth in tissue culture without an alteration in doubling time in exponential phase relative to untransfected cells. Furthermore, the TGF-alpha transfectants showed increased independence from exogenous growth factors in clonal growth assays and induction of DNA synthesis after release from quiescence. Growth factor independence was associated with sustained epidermal growth factor receptor activation in quiescent TGF-alpha-transfected cells and the requirement of exogenous insulin for stimulation of quiescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle. Higher cloning, reduced lag time in tissue, and the acquisition of growth factor independence for DNA synthesis without a change in doubling time of TGF-alpha-transfected cells indicate that autocrine TGF-alpha functions by facilitating re-entry into the cell cycle from sub-optimal growth states rather than promoting or controlling the proliferation of actively cycling cells. The modulation of growth regulation by autocrine TGF-alpha was associated with increased malignant properties as TGF-alpha transfectants showed increased tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. The administration of tetracycline reversed the effects of TGF-alpha expression in these cells both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that the alterations of the biological properties were due to the expression of TGF-alpha. Since these cells are continuously grown in a completely chemically defined medium without serum supplementation, it was possible to assign the mechanism underlying the generation of growth factor independence to the replacement of a requirement for exogenous insulin in parental cells by autocrine TGF-alpha.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
Establishing human prostate cancer cell xenografts in bone: induction of osteoblastic reaction by prostate-specific antigen-producing tumors in athymic and SCID/bg mice using LNCaP and lineage-derived metastatic sublines.
LNCaP lineage-derived human prostate cancer cell lines C4-2 and C4-2B4 acquire androgen independence and osseous metastatic potential in vivo. Using C4-2 and C4-2B4 the goals of the current investigation were 1) to establish an ideal bone xenograft model for prostate cancer cells in intact athymic or SCID/bg mice using an intraosseous route of tumor cell administration and 2) to compare prostate cancer metastasis by administering cells either through intravenous (i.v.) or intracardiac administration in athymic or SCID/bg mice. Subsequent to tumor cell administration, prostate cancer growth in the skeleton was assessed by radiographic bone density, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, presence of hematogenous prostate cancer cells and histopathologic evaluation of tumor specimens in the lymph node and skeleton. Our results show that whereas LNCaP cells injected intracardially failed to develop metastasis, C4-2 cells injected similarly had the highest metastatic capability in SCID/bg mice. Retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymph node metastases were noted in 3/7 animals, whereas 2/7 animals developed osteoblastic spine metastases. Intracardiac injection of C4-2 in athymic hosts produced spinal metastases in 1/5 animals at 8-12 weeks post-injection; PC-3 injected intracardially also metastasized to the bone but yielded osteolytic responses. Intravenous injection of either LNCaP or C4-2 failed to establish tumor colonies. Intrailiac injection of C4-2 but not LNCaP nor C4-2B4 cells in athymic mice established rapidly growing tumors in 4/8 animals at 2-7 weeks after inoculation. Intrafemoral injection of C4-2 (9/16) and C4-2B4 (5/18) but not LNCaP (0/13) cells resulted in the development of osteoblastic bone lesions in athymic mice (mean: 6 weeks, range: 3-12 weeks). In SCID/bg mice, intrafemoral injection of LNCaP (6/8), C4-2 (8/8) and C4-2B4 (8/8) cells formed PSA-producing, osteoblastic tumors in the bone marrow space within 3-5 weeks after tumor cell inoculation. A stepwise increase of serum PSA was detected in all animals. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect hematogenously disseminated prostate cancer cells could not be correlated to either serum PSA level or histological evidence of tumor cells in the marrow space. We have thus established a PSA-producing and osteoblastic human prostate cancer xenograft model in mice.
Animals↗
Crystal structure of a Smad MH1 domain bound to DNA: insights on DNA binding in TGF-beta signaling.
The Smad family of proteins, which are frequently targeted by tumorigenic mutations in cancer, mediate TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to nucleus. The crystal structure of a Smad3 MH1 domain bound to an optimal DNA sequence determined at 2.8 A resolution reveals a novel DNA-binding motif. In the crystals, base-specific DNA recognition is provided exclusively by a conserved 11-residue beta hairpin that is embedded in the major groove of DNA. A surface loop region, to which tumorigenic mutations map, has been identified as a functional surface important for Smad activity. This structure establishes a framework for understanding how Smad proteins may act in concert with other transcription factors in the regulation of TGF-beta-responsive genes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗