[Experimental studies on the development of malformations of the extremities. 2. On the process of the development of tibia defects].
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Biomedical subjects
H Yamane
Publications and source records attributed to H Yamane.
[Angiography of atresia of the radius].
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
[Experimental studies on the development of malformations of the extremities. 1].
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma: An unusual tumor of the paranasal sinus.
A 65-year old woman presented with nasal obstruction and on examination was found to have a huge mass in the maxillary sinus. This was removed, and histological examination revealed a mixture of trabecular structures consisting of inner dark cells, outer clear cells and solid structures consisting of only clear cells. Immunohistochemical examination showed the clear cells to be positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructural examination confirmed the myoepithelial cell origin. The characteristic morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features aided in the diagnosis of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.
Aged↗
Temporal bone pathology of a patient with cochlear implant.
A 66-year-old man with profound total deafness received a 22-channel cochlear implant. After surgery, his hearing improved and the postoperative course was uneventful except transient vertigo. The patient died of lung cancer after 2.5 years. Twelve hours after death, the temporal bone was harvested for histological and electron microscopic examination. The mastoid air cells were preserved, although a few mucosal folds were present. The Dacron mesh tie had largely been absorbed, but part remained embedded in fibrous tissue. No inflammation was noted in the tympanic cavity or the round window through which the electrodes were inserted. In the cochlea, the scala tympani was filled with fibrous tissue at the site of electrode insertion. The scala media had collapsed, while the organ of Corti and stria vascularis showed degeneration. Osseous spiral bundles and spiral ganglion cells were noted, though reduced in number.
Aged↗
Two modes of auditory hair cell loss following acoustic overstimulation in the avian inner ear.
To determine the type of cell death occurring and how the removal of damaged cells proceeds following overstimulation, we examined chick basilar papillae using an in situ DNA nick end labeling method and transmission electron microscopy. Two distinct modes of hair cell loss were identified. First, hair cells which had not progressed into typical cell death processes, apoptosis or necrosis, were deleted by extrusion from the epithelium just after sound exposure. Second, hair cells manifested degeneration through the process of apoptosis, then further deterioration within the epithelium after the beginning of the process of hair cell regeneration. The latter mode may contribute to the following repair processes.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Drug permeability of the endolymphatic sac.
Intravenously injected kanamycin sulfate (KM) was located in the endolymphatic sac (ES) of guinea pigs by an immunohistologic method. Kanamycin sulfate had passed through the capillaries in the subepithelial layer and reached the epithelial layer as early as 1 minute after injection. The amount of KM in the epithelial layer gradually increased with time (until 30 minutes after injection). The KM also accumulated in floating cells in the ES. These results tend to indicate that the ES is rather easily permeable to systemically administered drugs, which readily get into the regional endolymph. In conclusion, much more attention should be paid to the ES and drug ototoxicity associated with drug therapy in the management of patients with inner ear disturbances.
Aminoglycosides↗
Brain stem response evoked by electrical stimulation of the round window of the guinea pig.
The wave that is believed to correspond to wave V in man is an appropriate indicator of auditory nerve excitability because it is not contaminated by nonauditory neurogenic responses to electrical stimulation. The responses to direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve could be distinguished from the electrophonic response by the steep input-output function and constant latency of the former. Myogenic responses are prominent unless a muscle relaxant is administered.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Effect of site of stimulation on the guinea pig's electrically evoked brain stem response.
Stimulation by a bipolar modiolus electrode yields a wider dynamic range than does monopolar stimulation at the same site. Stimulation via a single electrode in the scala tympani or scala vestibuli is characterized by a precipitous input-output function, but current passing from one scala to the other generates a discontinuous function with a shallow slope at low intensities and a steep slope at high intensities.
Animals↗
A new class of biflavonoids: 2'-hydroxygenistein dimers from the roots of white lupin.
Two novel isoflavonoid dimers presumably originating from 2'-hydroxygenistein, 5,7,4'-trihydroxycoumaranochroman-4-one-(3-->5"')-5",7",2"'4"'- tetrahydroxyisoflavone (1, lupinalbisone A) and 5,7,4'-trihydroxycoumaranochroman-4-one-(3-6")-5",7",2"',4"'-te trahydroxyisoflavone (2, lupinalbisone B) were isolated from the roots of Lupinus albus L., and their structures involving relative stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Using horse radish peroxidase and 2'-hydroxygenistein (3) as the substrate revealed the formation of these dimers together with 5,7,4'-trihydroxycoumaronochromone (4, lupinalbin A). Dimerization of 3 caused a remarkable increase of antifungal activity.
Antifungal Agents↗
Application of loop diuretics for treatment of sensorineural hearing impairment. Experimental and clinical study.
In a series of animal experiments on guinea pigs and rats, conducted in an attempt to find a better solution for the treatment of sensorineural hearing impairment and tinnitus-known as diseases almost impossible to heal-it was revealed electrophysiologically, biochemically and electronmicroscopically that loop diuretics, referred to as ototoxic drugs, cause an increased amount of the therapeutic preparation to transfer to the inner ear fluid. It is concluded, on the basis of the encouraging results of these experiments, that combined medication with metabolic activator, steroid hormone and loop diuretics is significantly more effective in improving the symptoms of patients with inner ear deafness and tinnitus.
Animals↗
Subsets of tonsillar lymphocytes and activated cells in each subset analysed by two-color flow cytometry.
We analysed subsets of tonsillar lymphocytes and activated cells in each subset by two-color flow cytometry. There were many helper T cells (CD 4+ leu 8-) and few inducer T cells (CD 4+ leu 8+) in the tonsil. The situation was the reverse in the peripheral blood. The tonsil had few suppressor T cells (CD 8+ CD 11+). The proportion of activated cells (HLA-DR+) was low in the peripheral blood and high in the tonsil. In the tonsil, the ratio of cells with transferrin receptors to total lymphocytes was higher in the B than in the T subset, and higher in the subset of CD 4+ than in that of CD 8+ cells. Activated and proliferating lymphocytes were more abundant in the tonsils of children than in those of adults and more abundant in patients with hyperplastic tonsillitis than in those with recurrent tonsillitis.
Adolescent↗
Brain stem response audiometry at speech frequencies.
Auditory-evoked brain stem response (BSR; wave V) was studied, using tone pips at three speech frequencies (500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz) as stimuli. The tone pips consisted of 5-ms rise-decay times without a plateau. BSR recordings were made in 10 normal subjects and in 16 subjects with impaired hearing. In the normal subjects, BSR thresholds ranged from 10 to 20 dB SL at these three frequencies. In the subjects with impaired hearing, BSR thresholds corresponded well to conventional pure-tone thresholds at each frequency in cases of low- as well as high-frequency hearing loss. In all subjects with impaired hearing, the BSR thresholds were higher by as much as 25 dB than the pure-tone thresholds. The mean differences between these two thresholds at 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz were 11.3 +/- 8.0, 10.9 +/- 6.2 and 10.9 +/- 7.3 dB, respectively. Thus, we conclude that the BSR is useful for objective assessment of hearing thresholds at each of these speech frequencies.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Cochlear initiation site of the frequency-following response: a study of patients with sensorineural hearing loss.
The cochlear initiation of the frequency-following response (FFR) was assessed by comparing the FFR thresholds to the pure-tone thresholds in four groups of patients suffering from different forms of sensorineural hearing loss. The groups consisted of patients suffering from (1) pure high-frequency hearing losses; (2) high-frequency hearing losses mixed with moderate low-frequency losses; (3) flat hearing losses, and (4)low-frequency hearing losses. Across groups, the pattern of thresholds of the FFR evoked by 500-Hz tome bursts paralleled the pattern of pure-tone thresholds only for the low frequencies- not the high frequencies. In order to clarify the interpretation of this result, a high-pass masking experiment was performed on patients with low-frequency hearing losses. High-pass masking noise did not affect the FFR thresholds to 500-Hz tone burst, but it produced a phase shift of the FFR at stronger intensity levels. The data are interpreted as strongly supporting the view that the FFR at low levels is initiated primarily by activity in the apical portion of the cochlea.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Effects of number and interstimulus interval of tone pips on fast responses.
Effects of stimulus number and interstimulus interval on auditory-evoked fast responses (BSR: Jewett's V, and middle-latency components: Na, Pa and Nb) were studied by using 1000- and 500-Hz tone pips in 6 normal human adults. At a stimulus intensity of 50 dB SL, 500 stimuli evoked BSRs and the middle-latency components in all cases. At a stimulus intensity of 30 dB SL, 1000 stimuli were necessary to evoke BSRs and Na in all 6 subjects. Even 4000 stimuli were not sufficient for identifying Pa in 1 subject and Nb in 3 subjects. The largest mean peak-to-peak amplitude was the Na-Pa amplitude, but, differences across subjects were large. On the other hand, the BSR-Na amplitude showed relatively small differences across subjects. The BSR latencies were highly stable across subjects. These characteristics indicate that the BSR-Na component is more suitable as an indicator for objective audiometry than either the Na-Pa or Pa-Nb component. The BSR-Na amplitude did not show a decrease as the interstimulus interval was decreased from 104 to 32 ms. On the other hand, the Na-Pa amplitude significantly decreased as the interstimulus interval was decreased from 104 to 42 ms, and the Pa-Nb amplitude also significantly decreased as the interstimulus interval was decreased from 104 to 73 ms. Therefore, because of its resistance to the effects of high rates of stimulation, the BSR-Na component appears to be a suitable audiometric index in the clinical situation where time constraints are a consideration.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Freezing behaviour of microencapsulated water.
The freezing behaviour of water in polyurea microcapsules was studied through DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and ESR (electron spin resonance) measurements under a non-equilibrium condition to show that supercooling of water becomes more noticeable with decreasing droplet size of the liquid. Thermodynamics of small systems was found applicable to analyse the experimental findings, even though the process of water freezing in the microcapsules was not of an equilibrium nature.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
High-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for small-cell lung cancer.
BACKGROUND: We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of high-dose chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide (HD-ICE) facilitated by autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (ABPCT) for the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients aged 44 to 63 years old (5 with extensive disease [ED] and 6 with limited disease [LD]) were entered into this study. Induction chemotherapy consisted of 3 to 4 cycles of cisplatin and irinotecan for ED-SCLC, and cisplatin and etoposide for LD-SCLC. Patients with LD-SCLC received concurrent chest radiotherapy along with the first cycle of induction chemotherapy. After induction therapy, peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) were collected following G-CSF administration during a recovery phase from high-dose etoposide (1,500 mg/m2). Eight patients (4 with ED and 4 with LD) with adequate organ function were treated with HD-ICE (15 g/m2 ifosfamide, 1,200 mg/m2 carboplatin and 1,500 mg/m2 etoposide) followed by ABPCT. RESULTS: Hematologic recovery was rapid and non-hematological toxicities were acceptable without treatment-related mortality. In ED-SCLC, all of the 4 patients achieved complete response (CR) or near CR but developed a relapse of the disease. In LD-SCLC, 2 of 4 patients with LD-SCLC are alive in continuous CR for 18 and 21 months after the beginning of induction therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a limited number of patients and short follow-up time, these preliminary results indicate that marrow-ablative therapy (HD-ICE) supported by ABPCT is feasible in the treatment of elderly patients with LD- and ED-SCLC.
Adult↗
Small cell lung cancer can express CD34 antigen.
In humans CD34 is a valid and reliable marker for hematopoletic stem and progenitor cells. In general, solid tumors, with the exception of endothelial cancers, do not express CD34. Accordingly, immunological selection of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells can be used to remove CD34- malignant cells in the setting of autotransplantation. To rule out CD34 expression on tumor cells from small cell lung cancer (SCLC), eleven SCLC cell lines were analyzed by flow cytometry. Interestingly, two of these were positive for CD34 and their expression of full-length CD34 was further confirmed by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This finding indicates that prior to subjecting SCLC patients to the above treatment modality, preparing CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from SCLC patients for autotransplantation, CD34 expression on their tumor cells should be screened using immunohistochemistry and/or flow cytometry.
Antigens, CD34↗