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Biomedical subjects

H Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to H Yamaguchi.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Effect of endothelin on ionic background in the optic nerve head of rabbits].

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is thought to have some effect on the retinal circulation and its autoregulation. The disturbance of ET-1 secretion might contribute to the pathogenesis of retinochoroidal or optic nerve disease. In this study, to determine the effect of ET-1 on the optic nerve head, we observed the optic nerve with a transmission electron microscope and measured element contents in the axon and myelin of the optic nerve head by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Albino rabbits were given an injection of 0.1 ml (10(-6)M) ET-1 into the middle of the vitreous of one eye (ETs) and 0.1 ml Opeguard-MA into the other eye (controls), and 2 hours after the injection changes in the optic disc were observed. In transmission electron microscopy (n = 3), axon polymorphism and myelin disorder were seen. The X-ray analysis of frozen sections (n = 5) revealed that with ET-1 treatment Ca and Cl concentrations were increased in the axon, and K concentration was decreased significantly in both axon and myelin. These results suggest that the increase of intracellular Ca could elevate the activity of some proteases, which might then cause damage to the optic nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Reasonable indication for PTCA or CABG in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease--on the basis of 11 years follow-up].

The principle of our treatment choices for either PTCA or CABG is as follows; 1) 1VD is mainly indicated for PTCA or medical treatment except for very proximal or complicated LAD lesion, 2) 3VD is absolutely indicated for CABG, 3) 2VD involving LAD is positively indicated for CABG, 4) Special indications were set aside for critical lesion(s) in limited groups of patients such as those with prior CABG, and those with other serious or fatal disease, and also senile but active patients (male > 80 years old, female > 75 years old). Proper medial treatment was always conducted in all cases. During the period of 11 years between 1984 and 1994, 1050 PTCA procedures (760 individual patients) and 1484 CABG's were done at our university hospital. The annual ratio between CABG and PTCA (CABG/PTCA) was higher than 2.0 in the first 4 years but it has settled on a level of 1.0 +/- 0.2 in the last 5 years even with a significant increase in the number of PTCA patients. As to the characteristics of our PTCA group, patients with single vessel lesion comprised 57%, only single target PTCA did 78% and only LAD did 47%. Patients with prior CABG and multi lesion PTCA comprised 10% and 22%, respectively. The lesion success rare was 89%. As the major complications in 1050 PTCA's, one death (0.1%), seven (0.7%) emergency CABG's and eleven (1.0%) Q wave MI patients were recognized. The overall angiographical lesion restenosis rate was 44% of 657 lesions in 550 patients who underwent CAG within 6 months after PTCA. In 1484 CABG's, hospital mortality was 1.5% and non fatal major complications 6%. The survival rates (free of cardiac death) for PTCA patient appeared equivalent between single and multi vessel groups. However, their event free survival rates even for 1VD significantly dropped, from 99% to 68% in one year and below 60% at 5 years. For 3VD it became as low as 26% at 10 years. On the contrary, the even free survival rates for CABG patients with 3VD keep as high as 93% at 5 years and 75% at 10 years, respectively. As a conclusion, the timely use of PTCA considering an indication of CABG may be a wise and practical treatment choice for CAD, but the reasonable ratio of PTCA vs CABG seems to be about fifty-fifty as indicated in our study results. Our treatment decisions of either PTCA or CABG as mentioned above yielded acceptable outcomes in the prognosis of patients with CAD.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma based on histologic type].

It is well known that clinicopathological characteristics in gastric carcinoma are different according to its histologic type, intestinal type or diffuse type. Multivariate analysis of advanced gastric carcinoma revealed that the histologic type significantly related to the type of recurrence, hematogenous metastasis or peritoneal dissemination. Therefore, we introduced a prospective randomized trial for treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma based on histologic type of carcinoma. Intraoperatively, 10 mg of mitomycin C was given via portal system in the intestinal type and given in peritoneal cavity in the diffuse type. As results, in the intestinal type, survival rate in patients with the chemotherapy was longer than that without the chemotherapy, but this did not reach to a significant difference. On the contrary, in the diffuse type, patients with the chemotherapy showed a significant longer survival rate compared to those without the chemotherapy. These results suggests the availability of treatment based on histologic type of carcinoma. Much more selective and effective improvements in this type of treatment will be required.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide and interleukin 6 on myoblast differentiation.

Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) on muscle cell differentiation were studied using cultured rat myoblasts (L6 cells). Cell morphology and the amounts of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of myogenin and Myf-5, DNA content, creatine kinase (CK) activity, and myoglobin (Mb) content in the cultured cells were examined serially over 10 days of culture. In the presence of CGRP or IL-6, the mRNAs of myogenin and Myf-5 were expressed earlier and at a higher concentration in the treated cells than in the control cells. The ratios of CK activity to DNA content (CK/DNA) and of Mb content to DNA content (Mb/DNA) on day 10 of culture also were greater than in the control cells. Furthermore, the mRNAs of myogenin and Myf-5 in cultured cells incubated with both CGRP and IL-6 increased more rapidly than in cells cultured with CGRP or IL-6 alone, and the ratios of CK/DNA and Mb/DNA on day 10 were more than twice those in the presence of CGRP or IL-6. These findings indicate that both CGRP and IL-6 facilitate the differentiation of myoblasts and may have an additive effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Wound healing effect of the new imidazole antimycotic lanoconazole in rats.

The wound healing effect of cream preparations of lanoconazole (CAS 101530-10-3, NND-318), an antimycotic imidazole compound, was examined using an excisional open skin-wound model produced on the back of rats. The rapid decrease in the size of wounded areas showed that 0.5% and 1% lanoconazole creams accelerated spontaneous healing. The effectiveness was almost similar to that of an ointment containing 5% deproteinized calf blood extract (DCBE), a wound healing agent on the market. In contrast, neither 1% clotrimazole cream nor 1% bifonazole cream, both of which are imidazole antimycotics, showed an accelerative effect. The wound healing effect of lanoconazole was further confirmed by histological evaluation; a thicker and more cellular granulation tissue was formed, and epidermal regeneration was more stimulated by lanoconazole than by non-treatment or vehicle alone. The effect of lanoconazole on the formation of granulation tissue in rats was also studied using a cotton pellet implantation method. Lanoconazole accelerated the formation of this tissue in terms of dry weight in a dose dependent manner (0.5-4 mg/pellet), and collagen content and angiogenesis also increased in the stimulated tissue, indicating that these accompany the compound-induced acceleration of tissue formation. These results suggest that lanoconazole has a distinctive wound healing effect which is a feature no other imidazole antimycotic is known to possess to date.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1996

[The antigen (CANDTEC antigen) detected by CAND TEC test for diagnosis of candidiasis].

Most guinea pigs inoculated with 5.4 x 10(9) of C. albicans intraperitoneally, produce CANDTEC antigen (GPCANDTECAG) in sera. The antigen is heat-labile (at 56 degrees C for 30 min) as is that in humans. According to gel filtration, the molecule size of the antigen from guinea pigs was 4000KDa or more. ELISA revealed the antigen-positive gel fractions to contain a small amount of mannan from the yeasts and C3. ELISA using rabbit anti-GPCANDTECAG serum indicated that the two CANDTEC antigens from guinea pigs and humans shared determinants. Gel filtration indicated that the CANDTEC antigen from patients was from 4000KDa to 3000KDa. In the antigen-positive gel fractions, IgM was detected by ELISA, but mannan and C3 were not detected. However, immunoblotting analysis on the antigen-positive fraction revealed a unique band of 200KDa, stained with concanavalin A-ALP. These findings indicate that CANDTEC antigens in guinea pigs and humans are immune complexes formed after infection of Candida, although the antigens have different components.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Frequency of the three STR loci (TPOX, CSF1PO, THo1), in a Japanese population determined using a Gene Print STR multiplex kit.

Allele and genotype frequencies for three tetrametric short tandem repeat loci (TPOX, CSF1PO and TH01) were determined in a Japanese population sample (n = 105) by means of the Gene Print STR Multiplex system PCR kit, electrophoresis of the PCR products in denaturing gels and detection of allelic fragments by silver staining. Six alleles each were found for the TPOX, CSF1PO, and TH01 loci and at the TPOX locus, we identified an additional mutation allele, which consisted of 7 AATG repeats. The TPOX, CSF1PO and TH01 loci were apparently 64, 73, and 74% heterozygous, respectively. All loci met the Hardy-Weinberg criteria using categorized alleles.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopic cholangiography: a new technique for difficult cannulation.

Laparoscopic surgery has become accepted in the United States as the surgical procedure of choice for treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis. The general surgeon is now presented with a vast array of instrumentation and new techniques that have rapidly developed since the introduction of laparoendoscopic surgery. Much of this new technology is designed for easier and less expensive laparoscopic cholangiography. We describe a technique for difficult cannulation of the cystic duct using a new introducer (the DeKalb wire introducer) when conventional methods have failed.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1996

Role of endogenous cholecystokinin in the regeneration of pancreatic tissue after acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) on pancreatic regeneration after acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in rats by two intraperitoneal cerulein injection (20 micrograms/kg BW) with 5h water-immersion stress once a day for successive 3 days. After the cessation of repetition of acute pancreatitis the rats were treated with successive feeding with 0.1% camostat-containing diet or SC injection of CR-1505 (CCK receptor antagonist, 50 mg/kg BW x 2/day) for 7 days. Zymogen enzymes and protein contents per DNA in pancreatic tissue were significantly higher in rats treated with camostat compared with control rats, and plasma CCK level was elevated. To the contrary, pancreatic regeneration was retarded in the rats treated with CR 1505. It is concluded that endogenous CCK has a trophic effect during regeneration after acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Relationship of thallium-201 clearance on exercise stress myocardial scintigraphy to coronary flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated thallium-201 (201Th) clearance measurement during exercise myocardial scintigraphy in patients with coronary artery disease, for the assessment of coronary circulatory function and diagnosis. DESIGN: The clearance rate of 201Th was compared with the coronary flow reserve measured by Doppler coronary flow velocimetry. METHODS: We selected 20 patients who had chronic stable angina with single-vessel coronary artery disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Ten control patients had atypical chest pain but no detectable heart disease. Regional net clearance of 201Th was measured from the early and delayed bull's-eye images of 201Th exercise stress single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Using a Doppler catheter, we also measured coronary flow reserve of the LAD, which was obtained by the intracoronary administration of papaverine. RESULTS: The net 201Th clearance in the anterior wall myocardium in the patients with coronary artery disease before PTCA was significantly less than that in the controls. At follow-up angiography after successful PTCA, it increased. The coronary flow reserve before PTCA was also lower than that in the controls. It was increased immediately after PTCA, and was more markedly increased at the follow-up angiography. Before PTCA, regional net clearance in the anterior myocardium was correlated with the coronary flow reserve of the LAD. The ratio for the net clearance of the anterior myocardium at follow-up angiography to that before PTCA was also correlated with the ratio for coronary flow reserve. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with coronary artery disease, the regional 201Th clearance in the ischaemic area measured by exercise 201Th SPECT is correlated with the coronary flow reserve of the affected artery. Moreover, the increase in the clearance rate after PTCA is also correlated with that in the coronary flow reserve. Thus the measurement of regional 201Th clearance might be a useful non-invasive method of estimating of the coronary flow reserve.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

[Recent progress in molecular diagnostic technology in clinical mycology].

Diagnosing deep-seated mycoses continues to be a major challenge for the clinician. The non-culture-dependent laboratory assay with high sensitivity and specificity are needed for rapid diagnosis of deep-seated mycoses. The most promising methodology that has this potential is the detection of fungus-specific DNA. Over the last five years, increasing numbers of papers were published which document the molecular biological assays feasible to detect fungus-specific DNA sequences in clinical specimens. In almost all of the assays thus far reported, DNA was detected following in vitro amplification using the RCR technology. This review will deal with those PCR assays which were developed, with the aim of diagnosing or screening deep-seated mycoses, for the detection of DNA from Candida species, Aspergillus species, Penicillium marneffei and Cryptococcus neoformans. Some of the PCR assays described here have been successfully used with clinical specimens to detect fungi, more rapidly and with a greater degree of sensitivity and/or specificity than by conventional means. It suggests us that PCR-based amplification strategies may help pave the way for modern clinical laboratory to better assist the clinician in diagnosing deep-seated mycoses.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1996

[Up-regulation of NGF, trkA, Fas, down-regulation of bcl-2, and induction of apoptosis by propentofylline in human glioma cell lines].

Propentofylline (PPF) has been reported to stimulate the synthesis/secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF) by cultured mouse astroglial cells. In the present study, we examined whether PPF stimulates NGF synthesis in human glioma cell lines, the same as in mouse astroglial cells, and if so, whether NGF has a biological effect on glioma cells. After administration of PPF into the glioma cell lines, we investigated morphological changes and gene and protein expression of NGF, trkA, Fas and bcl-2 by using GFAP staining. Western blotting, and RT-PCR. Glioma cells showed definite morphological changes, including expansion of astrocytic processes, cytoplasmic enlargement and increases in GFAP staining. Interestingly, apoptosis was identified by DNA ladder formation in each of the cell lines. The mRNA and protein expression of NGF, trkA and Fas increased, but expression of bcl-2 decreased. These findings suggest that PPF works as a transcriptional modulator and induces apoptosis in glioma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Induction and epitope analysis of Helicobacter pylori heat shock protein.

Induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) was analyzed in Helicobacter pylori strains. With heat shock at 42 degrees C, a synthesized 60 kDa-HSP (HSP60) was detected on autoradiography. The expression of HSP60 on the cell surface of H. pylori was examined by flow cytometric analysis. All strains used in this study expressed HSP60 on the cell surface, although the intensity differed among the strains, depending on culture conditions. The reactivity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb), 3C8, directed against bacterial HSP60, with HSP60 derived from ten strains of H. pylori and with human gastric carcinoma cell HSP60 was examined by immunoblot analysis. An epitope that reacted with the mAb was detected in the HSP60 of H. pylori and on the surface of human gastric carcinoma cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

[Preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of bifonazole in patients with tinea pedis at 10 years after approval. Part 1. Susceptibility to bifonazole of clinical isolates of dermatophytes].

An investigation was carried out to determine whether or not here had been any changes in the susceptibility of clinically isolated strains of Trichophyton metagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum (both leading causes of tinea) to bifonazole, an imidazole derivative and antifungal for topical use. Susceptibility was measured in 107 strains of these fungi isolated from clinical samples during a study on the treatment of tinea pedis with Mycospor cream in 1995, 42 strains isolated and stored in 1990, and 39 strains isolated and stored prior to development of the drug. The results are as follows: (1) There was no distinct difference in the susceptibility to bifonazole of T. mentagrophytes strains isolated before 1986 and those isolated in 1990 or 1995. (2) T. rubrum strains isolated before 1986 were slightly more susceptible to bifonazole than those isolated in 1995, while the 1990 strains were slightly less susceptible than the 1995 strains, but the difference was not significant. (3) The highest MICs of bifonazole for all the T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum strains isolated from before 1986 and those in 1995 were relatively low, being 2.5 micrograms/ml and 1.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results suggest that no resistance or reduced susceptibility to bifonazole has emerged among clinical isolates of dermatophytes since the development of the drug.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Fundamental and clinical studies on the efficacy of bifonazole in patients with tinea pedis at 10 years after approval. Part 2. Clinical evaluation].

The usefulness of bifonazole (Mycospor), a topical imidazole antifungal agent approved 10 years ago, was evaluated for the treatment of tinea pedis. Mycospor cream was applied by 141 patients with tinea pedis once daily for 4 233ks, and the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions (as well as any correlations with susceptibility of isolates and the mycological activity of the agent against these isolates) were studied. The results were then compared to those of a previous study. The following results were obtained. 1. Mycological activity Mycological examination results became negative in 63.2% (36/57) of the patients with plantar tinea pedis, in 94.1% (32/34) of those with interdigital tinea pedis, and in 74.7% (68/91) of all tinea pedis patients. 2. Mycological activity and MIC No correlation was found between the MICs of bifonazole against the pathogenic fungi and the rate of eradication on mycological examination. 3. Improvement of symptoms The improvement rates for local symptoms were 82.5% for plantar tinea pedis, 85.7% for interdigital tinea pedis, and 83.7% for all tinea pedis. 4. Clinical efficacy Good clinical efficacies were found in 61.4% of the patients with plantar tinea pedis, in 88.6% of those with interdigital tinea pedis, and in 71.7% of all patients. 5. Safety Regarding adverse reactions, what seemed to be contact dermatitis was reported in 5 out of 127 cases (3.9%). The reaction decreased or disappeared in all cases. 6. Usefulness Mycospor was found to be useful in 64.9% of patients with plantar tinea pedis, in 88.6% of those with interdigital tinea pedis, and in 73.9% of all tinea pedis patients. 7. Comparison with former results The results obtained in the present clinical study were comparable to those obtained in patients with tinea pedis treated in a double-blind comparative study conducted during the development of as a new topical antifungal agent. From the above results, Mycospor cream was confirmed to be still useful, although it has been used widely for the topical treatment of cutaneous mycoses in the past 10 years since its approval.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of solitary splenic metastasis from colon cancer].

A 58-year-old male who had a left hemicolectomy for descending colon cancer on July 1, 1993 was admitted to our hospital. A CT scan revealed a homogeneous low-density mass in the inferior portion of the spleen. Under the diagnosis of solitary splenic metastasis, a splenectomy was performed on August 10, 1995. Histologically, splenic tumor revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma consistent with the primary tumor. Flow cytometric analysis revealed DNA diploidy in the primary tumor, and DNA aneuploidy (DNA index = 1.76) in the metastatic tumor. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization with p17 H8, numerical aerrations of chromosome 17 were observed in the primary tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗