The prevalence of Chlamydia infection in outpatient clinics in Beijing, China.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Y Yang
Publications and source records attributed to H Y Yang.
Clinical study of syncope during acupuncture treatment.
From August 1988 to April 1989, we observed 52 patients who developed so-called 'needle fainting' (or what the Chinese call 'Yun-Cheng' phenomenon) 55 times among a total sample of 28,285 procedures of acupuncture therapy at the Center for Traditional Medicine of Veterans General Hospital in Taipei. Of these syncopal patients, 35 were male and 17 were female. Their mean age was 45 years (with a range of 11 to 72 years). All patients were in an upright position when needle fainting occurred. Their usual manifestations were pallor, cold sweating, nausea, and bradycardia. They all recovered soon after lying down; no one developed a complete loss of consciousness. No mortality was noted. When comparing the patients who experienced syncope during their first visit to our Clinic (Group I, n = 27) with the patients who experienced syncope in a follow-up treatment (Group II, n = 25; 3 patients had 2 episodes in sequential treatments), we found a significantly higher incidence of needle fainting (p less than 0.0001) in Group I patients (27 out of 2,855 or 0.94%) than in Group II patients (28 out of 25,430 or 0.11%). The mean age of Group I patients (39 +/- 15.4 years) was significantly less than that of Group II patients (51.6 +/- 18.0 years) (p less than 0.001). The coexistence of other medical problems was significantly higher in Group II patients (72%) than in Group I patients (18.5%) (p less than 0.0001).
Acupuncture Therapy↗
A case of adrenal lymphangiectatic cyst associated with severe hypertension.
Adrenal lymphangiectatic cyst is a very rare pathological and clinical disease entity, and its clinical silence and lack of characteristic symptoms and signs makes it difficult to diagnose preoperatively. We experienced a case of adrenal lymphangiectatic cyst, accompanied by severe refractory hypertension, which was corrected by surgical removal of the cyst. We report it with a review of the literature.
Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
Upregulation of rat brain opioid receptors by the chronic administration of morphine: possible evidence for an anti-opiate model of tolerance and dependence.
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Animals↗
FMRF-NH2-like peptides antiopiates.
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Animals↗
Mammalian Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2-like peptides: structure, biological activity and distribution.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Developmental incompatibility between cell nucleus and cytoplasm as revealed by nuclear transplantation experiments in teleost of different families and orders.
Teleosts from different families and orders were used as materials for nuclear transplantation experiments. (1) The nuclei of goldfish (Carassius auratus, family Cyprinidae, order Cypriniformes) were transplanted into the enucleated egg cytoplasm of loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus, family Cobitidae, order Cypriniformes) and vice-versa. (2) The nuclei of Tilapia (oreochromis nilotica, order Perciformes) were transplanted into the enucleated egg cytoplasm of goldfish (Carassius auratus, order Cypriniformes). The chromosome number of the nucleus donor fish is different from that of the cytoplasmic recipient fish in each of the two combinations. In the first case, only a few early nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid (NCH) larval fish were obtained in each combination. In second case, even though a high percentage of NCH blastulas were also obtained, the majority of them died at the same developmental stage, except a few which survived until early gastrula stage. The examination of the metaphase chromosome figures of the NCH blastulas or embryos obtained in all three combinations indicated that they were of nucleus-donor type. The developmental rates of all the NCH eggs were similar to those of cytoplasmic-recipient type. Scanning electronmicroscopy examination showed that the morphology of NCH blastula cells, which were obtained from the combination of Tilapia nucleus and goldfish cytoplasm, manifested obviously abnormal features and the cells were arrested at different stages of cell disintegration. Two-dimension polyacrylamide gel electrophoretograms of the homogenates of Tilapia, goldfish and their NCH blastula cells showed that the protein synthetic pattern of NCH blastula was similar to that of Tilapia nucleus type. The results of experiments which failed to obtain NCH adult fish in all three combinations can be explained as a result of developmental incompatibility between the donor nucleus and the enucleated recipient egg cytoplasm, which were from distantly related fish species. And the chromosome numbers of all the component fish of the three combinations which were examined in the experiment and shown to be quite different from each other in the tested fish, should not be overlooked as one of the essential factors causing the developmental incompatibility in NCH fish in this experiment.
Animals↗
Immunodetection, immunoinhibition, immunoquantitation and biochemical analyses of cytochrome P-450IA1 in tissues of the ratoffceptus during the progression of organogenesis.
Polyclonal antibodies raised against the adult form of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450IA1 were used to immunologically detect, inhibit and quantitate an analogous isozymic form(s) in various tissues of the rat conceptus during the progression of organogenesis. Tissues investigated were the embryo proper, the visceral yolk sac and the ectoplacental cone/chorioallantoic placenta. Studies were performed on conceptuses from day 10 (day of conception = day 0) to day 14 of gestation. Ethoxyphenoxazone deethylation, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) hydroxylation, and ring- and N-hydroxylation of 2-acetylamino-fluorene (AAF) were utilized in assessments of cytochrome P-450IA1-dependent monooxygenase activities during the same gestational period. In untreated conceptuses, cytochrome P-450IA1 could not be detected immunologically in any of the three tissues at any stage of gestation investigated. The deethylation reaction was quantifiable in embryos and yolk sacs of untreated conceptuses, but was not inhibited by cytochrome anti-P-450IA1 antibodies, alpha-naphthoflavone or metyrapone. Treatment of pregnant rats with 40 mg/kg of 3-methylcholanthrene 48 hr prior to removal of the conceptuses resulted in marked increases in measured enzymatic activities as well as in readily immunodetectable cytochrome P-450IA1. Inducibility for the deethylase was greatest in the visceral yolk sac (3-8x), was evident in the embryo proper (2-3x) but was minimal in the ectoplacental cone (1.5-2x). Much greater induction (up to 70x) was observed with BaP and AAF as substrates. Induced activities were inhibited effectively (70-100% inhibition) by cytochrome anti-P-450IA1 antibodies and by alpha-naphthoflavone but not by metyrapone. Inducibility increased as a function of gestational age in the ectoplacental cone/chorioallantoic placenta but reached maxima on day 12 in the embryo and visceral yolk sac. A good correlation between antibody/alpha-naphthoflavone-inhibited enzymatic activities and quantities of immuno-detectable cytochrome P-450IA1 was also apparent. The results indicate that cytochrome P-450IA1, or a very closely related isoform(s), is both inducible and enzymatically functional in tissues of the conceptus throughout organogenesis and have important implications for the potential effects of bioactivatable proteratogens.
2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
Immunohistochemical distribution and partial characterization of FLFQPQRFamidelike peptides in the central nervous system of rats.
Two peptides that are structurally related to the molluscan tetrapeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRF-NH2) were recently isolated from bovine brain extract (Yang et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7757-7761, '85). These peptides have an attenuating effect on morphine-induced analgesia when injected intracerebroventricularly in rats. Antisera against the two peptides--an octapeptide, Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 (F8F-NH2), and an octadecapeptide, Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Ser-Ser-Pro-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe- NH2 (A18F-NH2)--were raised in rabbits and characterized with standard radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical blocking controls. This study was aimed at localizing neurons in the rat brain that contain immunoreactivity for these peptides. Cryostat sections of normal and colchicine-treated Sprague-Dawley rat brains were incubated with the specific antisera and the immunoreactivity was visualized by the PAP or the FITC method. Immunoreactive neurons were detected in the hypothalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract. Relatively dense networks of fibers and terminals were observed in the lateral parabrachial nucleus and in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Fibers and terminals were also seen in the lateral septum, amygdala, hypothalamus, neurohypophysis, thalamus, periaqueductal gray, and several medullary nuclei. In these areas the immunoreactivity was abolished when the antisera were incubated with the corresponding synthetic peptides F8F-NH2 and A18F-NH2. Preincubation of the antisera with neuropeptide Y (NPY) did not affect the staining. The results suggest that there are neurons in the rat brain that contain F8F-NH2- and A18F-NH2-like peptides. The neuronal system described here may have a role in the regulation of autonomic functions, such as hypothalamic control and respiratory functions. The neuronal connections of the cells containing F8F-NH2- and A18F-NH2-like peptides remain to be studied.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Rat brain regional distribution and spinal cord neuronal pathway of FLFQPQRF-NH2, a mammalian FMRF-NH2-like peptide.
Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 (F-8-NH2) is a peptide, originally detected by FMRF-NH2 antisera, and subsequently isolated from bovine brain. Using a specific radioimmunoassay for F-8-F-NH2, we have examined the regional distribution and characteristics of F-8-F-NH2 immunoreactivity (IR) in rat brain, spinal cord and pituitary gland. In CNS, F-8-F-NH2-IR is highly concentrated in the spinal cord, hypothalamus and pons-medulla (368, 202 and 136 fmol per mg protein, respectively); lowest values are in the cortex and hippocampus. A modest rostrocaudal gradient of F-8-F-NH2-IR was observed; levels in the sacral cord are 50% higher than in the cervical cord. Dorsal cord content is 8 times higher than in the ventral cord. Dorsal rhizotomy failed to change F-8-F-NH2-IR in the affected regions of the spinal cord while significantly reducing substance P levels. F-8-F-NH2-IR was significantly decreased caudal to a spinal transection, indicating the presence of a descending pathway within the spinal cord. The highest concentration of F-8-F-NH2-IR (1008 fmol per mg protein) was found in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary, while no F-8-F-NH2-IR could be detected in the anterior lobe. Immunohistochemically, F-8-F-NH2-IR was confined to nerve terminal-like structures in the neural lobe. The anterior and intermediate lobes were devoid of immunoreactive structures. HPLC characterization of F-8-F-NH2-IR in the dorsal spinal cord, medulla-pons and pituitary revealed one major immunoreactive peak which is more hydrophobic than bovine F-8-F-NH2. In addition to this material, the hypothalamus was found to contain another, more abundant F-8-F-NH2-immunoreactive peak. Analysis of F-8-F-NH2-IR from posterior pituitary with various antisera having differing affinities for F-8-F-NH2 and gamma 1-MSH indicates that the F-8-F-NH2-IR of rat pituitary is not due to gamma 1-MSH. The high concentration of F-8-F-NH2-like peptide in the dorsal spinal cord supports a role in mediating nociceptive transmission while the localization of F-8-F-NH2-IR in the posterior pituitary suggests an additional autonomic or endocrine function.
Animals↗
Virus-induced polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte stimulation.
Infections with a variety of viruses (lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV), murine cytomegalovirus, Pichinde virus, vaccinia virus) stimulated C57BL/6 mice to generate allospecific CTL coincidental with the generation of virus-specific CTL. In C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice, LCMV-induced CTL with reactivity against cells from mice bearing gene products of the d, f, k, p, q, and s but not the b MHC loci. Studies with congenic mouse strains indicated that the MHC loci coded for the target of the allospecific killer cells. The targets of the allospecific CTL were further identified as class I MHC Ag by three criteria: 1) target cells from congenic strains of mice differing from effector cells only in the expression of class I Ag were sensitive to lysis; 2) fibroblasts expressing low levels of class I Ag were resistant to lysis but were rendered sensitive after treatment with IFN-beta, which induced higher expression of class I Ag; and 3) antibody specific for class I Ag expressed on the target cell blocked killing. Studies with congenic mouse strains also suggested that the ability to generate high levels of the virus-induced allospecific killer cells was also under MHC regulation, as H-2b mice generated high levels and H-2k mice low levels of the allospecific CTL. Both C3H/St and C57BL/6 mice immunized against LCMV developed detectable LCMV-specific CTL when later challenged with either murine cytomegalovirus, Pichinde virus, or vaccinia virus, indicating that a virus infection can stimulate the reappearance of memory CTL. Cold target competition studies indicated no cross-reactivities between these viruses or allogeneic cells at the CTL level. Both the allospecific CTL and the reactivated LCMV-specific CTL were found in blast-size lymphocyte preparations. Spleen cells taken from LCMV-infected C57BL/6 mice 5 days post-infection spontaneously generated into allospecific and virus-specific CTL after 2 days of culture. The generation of both was dependent on the presence of supernatant factors produced only in the presence of L3T4+ cells. These factors activated allospecific CTL in spleen cells from virus-primed mice but not from control mice. We suggest that lymphokines produced as a consequence of virus infection may act to stimulate the proliferation and activation of CTL not specific to the challenge virus, resulting in a virus-induced polyclonal CTL stimulation.
Acute Disease↗
Attitudes towards psychoses and psychotic patients in Beijing.
The issue of public health education regarding mental illnesses has been relatively low profile in the People's Republic of China. A questionnaire study was carried out on 3,028 lay members of the Beijing population to ascertain their knowledge of opinions concerning and attitudes towards the mentally ill. Very few subjects had systematic knowledge about mental illness and nearly half had no acquired knowledge at all. On the whole they were sympathetic towards the mentally ill and towards provision of high quality mental health care. Despite this sympathy a small proportion still attributed mental illness either to 'ghosts', 'retribution for ancestors' evil deeds' or 'bad thoughts'. Superstitious ideas were clearly related to low educational attainment. The attitudes of family members of psychotic patients were explored in greater detail.
Adolescent↗
Purification of ovine prolactin by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies.
Five monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against ovine prolactin (oPRL) were obtained by the lymphocyte hybridoma technique. One low-affinity McAb with (2D2) was purified by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The 2D2 was immobilized on Sepharose 4B with epichlorohydrin to produce an immunosorbent column, which was used to purify oPRL from a crude preparation by a single-step procedure.
Animals↗
[Clinical and radiological diagnosis of Fanconi's anemia].
This paper reported 4 cases of Fanconi's anemia, which is a rare disease usually seen in children under 10 years of age. Its clinical features comprise familial pancytopenia, hypoplasia of bone marrow, and conspicuous megakaryophthisis, with multiple malformations predominantly occurring in the skeleton and kidney. Some cases may be associated with abnormalities of the chromosome.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
An observation on the treatment of 34 cases of vascular headache with head-acupuncture therapy.
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Acupuncture Therapy↗
Effect of needling sensation reaching the site of disease on the results of acupuncture treatment of bronchial asthma.
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Acupuncture Therapy↗
Rat neuropeptide Y precursor gene expression. mRNA structure, tissue distribution, and regulation by glucocorticoids, cyclic AMP, and phorbol ester.
Rat brain neuropeptide Y precursor (prepro-NPY) cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced in order to study regulation of the prepro-NPY gene. Rat prepro-NPY (98 amino acid residues) contains a 36-residue NPY sequence, followed by a proteolysis/amidation site Gly-Lys-Arg, followed by a 30-residue COOH-terminal sequence. The strong evolutionary conservation of rat and human sequences of NPY (100%) and COOH-terminal peptide (93%) suggests that both peptides have important biological functions. In the rat central nervous system, prepro-NPY mRNA (800 bases) is most abundant in the striatum and cortex and moderately abundant in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord. The rat adrenal, spleen, heart, and lung have significant levels of prepro-NPY mRNA. Regulation of the prepro-NPY mRNA abundance was studied in several rodent neural cell lines. PC12 rat pheochromocytoma and N18TG-2 mouse neuroblastoma cells possess low basal levels of prepro-NPY mRNA, while NG108-15 hybrid cells possess high levels. Treatment of PC12 cells with a glucocorticoid such as dexamethasone or elevation of cAMP by forskolin increased the prepro-NPY mRNA level 2-3-fold or 3-10-fold, respectively. In N18TG-2 cells dexamethasone and forskolin synergistically increased prepro-NPY mRNA 7-fold. Treatment of PC12 cells with the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate alone elevated prepro-NPY mRNA marginally, but the phorbol ester plus forskolin elicited 20-70-fold increases, which were further enhanced to over 200-fold by dexamethasone and the calcium ionophore A23187. These results indicate that NPY gene expression can be positively regulated by synergistic actions of glucocorticoids, cAMP elevation, and protein kinase C activation.
Animals↗
Manifestations of cell damage after freezing and thawing.
The nature of the primary lesions suffered by cells during freezing and thawing is unclear, although the plasma membrane is often considered the primary site for freezing injury. This study was designed to investigate the nature of damage immediately after thawing, by monitoring several functional tests of the cell and the plasma membrane. Hamster fibroblasts, human lymphocytes, and human granulocytes were subjected to a graded freeze-thaw stress in the absence of cryoprotective compound by cooling at -1 degree C/min to a temperature between -10 and -40 degrees C, and then were either warmed directly in water at 37 degrees C or cooled rapidly to -196 degrees C before rapid warming. Mitochondrial function in the cells was then assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), fluorescein diacetate (FDA), colony growth, and osmometric response in a hypertonic solution. Cells behaved as osmometers after cooling at -1 degree C/min to low temperatures at which there were no responses measured by other assays, indicating that the plasma membrane is not a primary site for injury sustained during slow cooling. These results also indicate that the FDA test does not measure membrane integrity, but reflects the permeability of the channels through which fluorescein leaves the cells. Fewer cells could respond osmotically after cooling under conditions where intracellular freezing was likely, implying that the plasma membrane is directly damaged by the conditions leading to intracellular freezing. A general model of freezing injury to nucleated mammalian cells is proposed in which disruption of the lysosomes constitutes the primary lesion in cells cooled under conditions where the cells are dehydrated at low temperatures.
Animals↗