Biomedical subjects

H Y Shin

Publications and source records attributed to H Y Shin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Reduced IL-2 but elevated IL-4, IL-6, and IgE serum levels in patients with cerebral infarction during the acute stage.

Cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS) may play an important role in functioning as intercellular signals that orchestrate the response to injury. Whether this is a cause or result of the brain disease process is uncertain. We investigated IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IgE in the sera of 38 patients with cerebral infarction during the acute stage and 10 normal controls using an originally devised sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that serum levels of IL-2 derived from T helper 1 (Th1) cells were slightly reduced in patients with cerebral infarction, whereas serum levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells were elevated significantly. IL-4 induces synthesis of IgE in human B cells. Endogenous IL-6 plays an obligatory role in IL-4-dependent human IgE synthesis. We observed that serum IgE levels were elevated significantly in patients with cerebral infarction. However, serum IFN-gamma levels were not elevated significantly in cerebral infarction patients. These findings suggest that elevated IL-4, IL-6, and IgE levels in the human serum may be an important factor in cerebral infarction during the acute stage. Decrease of IL-2 levels in the serum of patients with cerebral infarction may be a regulatory mechanism.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2000

Regulatory effect of cytokine production in patients with cerebral infarction by Yulda-Hanso-Tang.

Yulda-Hanso-Tang (YH-Tang) is a prescription for the Taeumin cerebral infarction (CI) patients according to Sasang constitution philosophy. Taeumin patients with CI were treated with YH-Tang during the acute stage. Clinical signs of CI disappeared markedly in about 2 weeks after oral administration of YH-Tang in all patients. The mean interleukin (IL)-2 serum levels were lower in the patients with CI than in the normal groups, whereas the mean IL-4, IL-6 and IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients. There were no significant differences in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels between the groups. Serum IFN-gamma and IL-2 levels derived from T helper (Th)1 cells elevated significantly in the patients with CI by YH-Tang administration. Significant reduced serum levels of IL-4 and IL-6 derived from Th2 cells and IgE were observed in the patients treated with YH-Tang. During the period of YH-Tang administration, there were no other adverse effects. The data indicate that YH-Tang has a good CI treatment effect, and that its action may be due to regulation of cytokine production.

Cerebral Infarction↗

PubMed2000

Taraxacum officinale inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from rat astrocytes.

Substance P (SP) can stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Taraxacum officinale (TO) on the production of TNF-alpha from primary cultures of rat astrocytes. TO (100 and 1000 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha production by astrocytes stimulated with LPS and SP. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to elevate TNF-alpha production from LPS-stimulated astrocytes while having no effect on astrocytes in the absence of LPS. We therefore examined whether IL-1 mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha production from primary astrocytes by TO. Treatment of TO (100 and 1000 microg/ml) to astrocytes stimulated with both LPS and SP decreased IL-1 production significantly. Moreover, the production of TNF-alpha by LPS and SP in astrocytes was progressively inhibited with increasing amount of IL-1 neutralizing antibody. Our results suggest that TO may inhibit TNF-alpha production by inhibiting IL-1 production and that TO has an antiinflammatory activity in the central nervous system.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Abnormalities of erythrocyte membrane proteins in Korean patients with hereditary spherocytosis.

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common inherited erythrocyte membrane disorder characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia. Clinical manifestations and biochemical abnormalities of HS are heterogeneous. In this study, we investigated erythrocyte membrane protein defects in 27 Korean HS cases. Utilizing both the Fairbanks system and the Laemmli system, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins was performed. Proteins were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue and gels were scanned using a densitometer. We detected spectrin deficiency in 7.4% of cases (2/27), ankyrin deficiency in 29.6% (8/27), combined spectrin and ankyrin deficiency in 3.7% (1/27), band 3 deficiency in 11.1% (3/27) and protein 4.2 deficiency in 14.8% (4/27). Membrane protein deficiencies were not observed in nine cases (33.3%, 9/27). Members of two of seven families tested showed the same protein defects as the proband. Ankyrin deficiency alone and combined with spectrin deficiency accounted for 33.3% of cases (9/27), and they were the most common biochemical defects in Korean HS cases. Protein 4.2 deficiency caused HS more frequently in Koreans than in Caucasians.

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte↗

PubMed2000

Colorectal adenocarcinoma as a second malignant neoplasm following rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder: a case report.

Following improvements in therapy for childhood malignancies, the striking increase in survival rate over the past 30 years has led to the increase risk of developing second malignant neoplasms (SMNs). We report a case of colorectal carcinoma as a SMN, following treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder at his age of three years, and developed adenocarcinoma in the colon 13 years later. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed adenocarcinoma involving the rectosigmoid area with radiation colitis in its background. The tumor cells showed strong immunoreactivity for p53 protein, suggesting the role of irradiation and p53 mutation in carcinogenesis. This case emphasizes the need for dose observation in survivors of early childhood malignancies treated with radiation and multiagent chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the spine. Analysis of twenty-three cases.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical and radiologic data in four major tertiary referral centers. OBJECTIVES: To report clinical and roentgenographic findings, to evaluate the results of various treatment methods, and to propose a protocol for management. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the spine is a rare condition, and therefore, appropriate management is still controversial. METHODS: Clinical and roentgenographic findings of 38 vertebral lesions of 23 children, with average follow-up of 5.4 years, were investigated. This is the most extensive report apparent in the literature to date. The results of treatment were assessed clinically and radiologically. Anterior vertebral body height was measured sequentially to evaluate reconstitution of the vertebral body. RESULTS: The last follow-up examination demonstrated no clinical evidence of disease in all patients, regardless of treatment method. Neurologic deficits developed in four patients, but they completely disappeared. Satisfactory restoration of height was demonstrated in all except five vertebrae: one that had collapsed maximally when the patient was more than 15 years of age and four that had been fused anteriorly or posteriorly. Unsatisfactory results were also seen in a patient with progressive scoliosis and in one with an irregular endplate with disc space narrowing. Both of these complications developed after curettage. CONCLUSIONS: For treatment of single or dual spinal lesions, observation with or without bracing seems to be sufficient. In patients with multifocal lesions, chemotherapy produces good results. For treatment of neurologic deficit, low-dose radiotherapy is favored. Patients who underwent surgery--especially curettage and anterior fusion--had the worst outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Abdominal-wall myositis secondary to intra-arterial chemotherapy for femoral osteosarcoma.

With the increasing application of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC), new side-effects are encountered. We describe two children with proximal femoral osteosarcoma who developed focal myositis of the abdominal wall musculature after IAC. In both cases, myositis presented as abdominal pain and mimicked acute abdomen. US demonstrated asymmetrical thickening of abdominal-wall musculature in the right lower abdomen. This diagnosis should be considered when evaluating the patient with unexplained abdominal pain and a history of IAC.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1999

Proliferation not apoptosis as a prognostic indicator in retinoblastoma.

The balance between proliferation and cell death is the major determinant of tumour growth. We analysed the proliferative and apoptotic indices (PI and AI, respectively) of 33 children with retinoblastoma. PI and AI were assessed by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 antigen and TUNEL staining, respectively. The mean PI was 21.0+/-21.1%, and higher PI was associated with more advanced tumour stage (P<0.0001) and poor clinical outcome (P<0.05). Patients in whom amplified N-myc oncogene was found (n=6) determined by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction tended to have a higher PI (37.6+/-27.2%) than those without amplified N-myc (n=27; PI=17.3+/-18.1). A PI value of over 40% was clearly associated with an unfavourable prognosis. The AI, however, did not correlate with any of the other variables analysed. The findings suggest that proliferation, but not apoptosis, is of critical significance in retinoblastoma biology. PI, as determined by the Ki-67 antigen labelling index, seems to be a relevant histopathological parameter that can predict the clinical outcome of retinoblastoma.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed1999

Inhibition of mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis by sodium salicylate.

Sodium salicylate (NaSal) is a commonly used agent with a wide pharmacological spectrum. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of NaSal on anaphylaxis. NaSal (10-1 and 1 mm) significantly inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. NaSal also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE). NaSal (10-1 and 1 mm) significantly inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Northern-blot analysis demonstrated that a significantly reduced level of the mRNA of L-histidine decarboxylase was expressed in mast cells treated with NaSal, compared with that without NaSal. NaSal (10-2 and 10-1 mm) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion from RPMC. The level of cyclic AMP in RPMC, when NaSal (1 mm) was added, transiently and significantly increased about sixfold compared with that of basal cells. These results suggest a possible use of NaSal in managing mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1999

Inhibition of mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis by succinic acid.

We have examined the effect of succinic acid on anaphylaxis. Succinic acid (100 mM) significantly inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in mice and dose-dependently inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE. Further 10 and 100 mM significantly inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl IgE. In addition succinic acid (0.1 and 1 mM) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-dinitrophenyl IgE-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion from rat peritoneal mast cells. The level of cyclic AMP in rat peritoneal mast cells, when succinic acid (100 mM) was added, transiently and significantly increased about 4 times compared with that of basal cells. These results suggest a possible use of succinic acid in managing mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1999

The evaluation of antianaphylactic effect of Oryza sativa L. in rats.

This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanol extract of Oryza sativa L. (Dong-Jin in Korean, abbreviate as Os-DJ hereafter) on anaphylaxis. Os-DJ (10(-5) to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. When Os-DJ was pretreated at concentration ranging from 10(-5) to 1 g/kg, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Os-DJ (1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. Moreover, Os-DJ dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results indicate that Os-DJ possess antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1999

Four cases of therapy-related leukemia.

Combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy have contributed to the successful treatment of various cancer patients. But the development of second malignancies is an inevitable complication of long-term cytotoxic treatment. The most serious and frequent of such complications is acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Therapy-related leukemia is generally fatal. Since the number of patients exposed to chemotherapy is increasing each year, the clinical significance of this entity cannot be underestimated. There have been many investigations of therapy-related leukemia, but in Korea published reports are rare. We describe four such cases, involving one older female with lung cancer and three children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and malignant lymphoma. Alkylating agents were used for chemotherapy, and in one case, topoisomerase II inhibitor. Irrespective of the causative agents, the latency periods were relatively short, and despite induction chemotherapy in two, all survived for only a few months. During the follow-up of patients treated for primary malignancies, the possibility of therapy-related leukemia should always be borne in mind.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Action of Ulmi radicis cortex extract on systemic and local anaphylaxis in rats.

1. To assess the contribution of an aqueous extract of Ulmi radicis cortex (AEURC) in systemic anaphylaxis, compound 48/80 was used as a fatal anaphylaxis inducer in rats. 2. AEURC completely inhibited anaphylactic shock with a dose of 1.0 g/kg body weight (BW) 1 hr before injection of compound 48/80. 3. AEURC significantly inhibited serum histamine levels induced by compound 48/80. 4. AEURC (1.0 g/kg BW) also inhibited by 79.1% passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. 5. AEURC dose dependently inhibited the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) by compound 48/80. Moreover, AEURC had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from RPMC. 6. The level of cAMP in RPMC, when AEURC was added, significantly increased compared with that of a normal control. 7. These results indicate that AEURC may possess strong antianaphylactic action.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1998

Morphological alterations in rat peritoneal mast cells by stem cell factor.

Stem cell factor (SCF) stimulates mast cell adhesion and, because SCF is produced normally in tissues, it may be a major factor responsible for the adhesion of mast cells to connective tissue matrix. We found that the morphology of rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) altered after the addition of recombinant murine SCF (rmSCF) in vitro. The ability of rmSCF to enhance morphological alteration was dose dependent and completely abolished by anti-c-kit ACK2 monoclonal antibody. Exposure of RPMC to transforming growth factor-beta 1, wortmannin, genistein, herbimycin A, staurosporine, indomethacin and cytochalasin D before the addition of rmSCF antagonized rmSCF-induced morphological alteration. However, nordihydroguiaretic acid had no effect. Many RPMC appeared to respond also to nerve growth factor (NGF) but the total number of cells with altered morphology was much greater when the culture was stimulated by rmSCF than by NGF. We suggest that morphological alterations of mast cells by rmSCF is an important step for the participation in adhesion to tissue under resident physiological conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effect of cytochalasin D on systemic and local anaphylaxis in a murine model.

We investigated the effect of cytochalasin D on anaphylaxis. Cytochalasin D dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. Especially, cytochalasin D inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 100% with a dose of 1 microg g-1 body weight (BW). Cytochalasin D significantly inhibited serum histamine levels induced by compound 48/80. Cytochalasin D (10(-1) microg g-1 BW) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE to 79.6+/-1.8%. Cytochalasin D dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cAMP in rat peritoneal mast cells, when cytochalasin D was added, transiently and significantly increased about fourfold compared with that of basal cells. Our studies provide evidence that cytochalasin D will be beneficial in the treatment of anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1997

Hepatic uptake of Tc-99m MDP on bone scintigraphy from intravenous iron therapy (Blutal).

Two patients with hypochromic microcystic anemia received intravenous iron therapy (Blutal, Yuham Co., An Yang, Korea). These patients demonstrated diffuse hepatic uptake of Tc-99m MDP on bone scintigraphy, which was performed for evaluation of lower back pain in one patient and to rule out skeletal metastases from gastric cancer in the other patient. Blutal is an iron colloid chondroitin sulfate complex and is used to treat iron deficiency anemia in Korea. Phagocytized iron colloid within the hepatic reticuloendothelial system is responsible for the hepatic uptake of Tc-99m phosphate in the two presented cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Clinical trial of low dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of low dose cytosine arabinoside (LD Ara-C) as an alternative treatment to conventional cytotoxic induction chemotherapy in childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Four children with APL in poor medical condition prior to chemotherapy were treated with LD Ara-C (10 mg/m2/12 h) for 3 weeks. In three patients, the second course was administered after a resting period of two weeks. Subsequent conventional cytotoxic induction chemotherapy was applied in patients who did not enter complete remission (CR). After induction of CR, maintenance chemotherapy with a conventional monthly multi-drug regimen was applied. CR in one patient and partial remission (PR) in two patients were obtained after two courses of LD Ara-C. Patients who did not enter CR after LD Ara-C entered on subsequent conventional chemotherapy. There were no major complications such as intracranial hemorrhage and sepsis; myelosuppression was not as severe as in conventional chemotherapy; there was clinical and laboratory improvement in coagulopathy. We concluded that LD Ara-C may be an alternative treatment to the conventional chemotherapy in children with APL, especially in whom conventional cytotoxic induction chemotherapy is thought to increase the risk of serious complications and early fatality during induction chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in Wilms' tumor: a comparative study of pre- and post-chemotherapy specimens.

A total of 36 Wilms' tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for proliferative (proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeling) index (PI) with special reference to the effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the proliferative potential of tumors and differences in PI according to the histologic components (epithelial, blastemal and stromal). The cases were divided into two groups according to the status of chemotherapy at the time of surgical removal of the tumors. In group I (n = 12, cases with pre-operative chemotherapy), the mean PI +/- s.d. values of epithelial, blastemal and stromal types were 19.5 (n = 1), 10.1 +/- 5.28 (n = 8), and 16.2 +/- 13.49 (n = 3), respectively, and in group II (n = 24, cases without preoperative chemotherapy), 45.2 +/- 15.41 (n = 3), 28.5 +/- 16.92 (n = 10), and 23.2 +/- 4.45 (n = 2), respectively. The cases with mixed histology in group II (n = 9) had comparable PI values for each histologic component. The mean PI +/- s.d. was 12.1 +/- 7.76 in group I and 31.9 +/- 15.95 in group II. The PI value of group II was significantly higher than that of group I (P < 0.001). Alterations in the PI value following chemotherapy implied that the interpretation of tumor histology following chemotherapy should be more prudent because alteration of the PI, which reflects the proliferative potential of tumor cells, suggests modified biology of viable cells in pretreated cases as a consequence of chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗