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Biomedical subjects

H Xie

Publications and source records attributed to H Xie.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Fidelity to assertive community treatment and client outcomes in the New Hampshire dual disorders study.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the association between fidelity of programs to the assertive community treatment model and client outcomes in dual disorders programs. METHODS: Assertive community treatment programs in the New Hampshire dual disorders study were classified as low-fidelity programs (three programs) or high-fidelity programs (four programs) based on extensive longitudinal process data. The study included 87 clients with a dual diagnosis of severe mental illness and a comorbid substance use disorder. Sixty-one clients were in the high-fidelity programs, and 26 were in the low-fidelity programs. Client outcomes were examined in the domains of substance abuse, housing, psychiatric symptoms, functional status, and quality of life, based on interviews conducted every six months for three years. RESULTS: Clients in the high-fidelity assertive community treatment programs showed greater reductions in alcohol and drug use and attained higher rates of remission from substance use disorders than clients in the low-fidelity programs. Clients in high-fidelity programs had higher rates of retention in treatment and fewer hospital admissions than those in low-fidelity programs. No differences between groups were found in length of hospital stays and other residential measures, psychiatric symptoms, family and social relations, satisfaction with services, and overall life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Faithful implementation of, and adherence to, the assertive community treatment model for persons with dual disorders was associated with superior outcomes in the substance use domain. The findings underscore the value of measures of model fidelity, and they suggest that local modifications of the assertive community treatment model or failure to comply with it may jeopardize program success.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Lymphocyte subsets and sister-chromatid exchanges in the students exposed to formaldehyde vapor.

The present report evaluates the effects of formaldehyde (FA) exposure on peripheral lymphocytes by using both genetic and immunological parameters. Twenty-three non-smoking students in the study had inhalation exposure to 0.508 +/- 0.299 mg/m3 of FA for a period of 8 weeks (3h x 3 times each week) during anatomy classes. As for composition of lymphocyte subsets after FA exposure, significant increase was found in the percentage of CD19 (B cells), while significant decrease was observed in CD3 (total T cells), CD4 (T helper-inducer cells), and CD8 (T cytotoxic-suppressor cells) with a P < 0.01. Increase in the ratio of T-helper-inducer cells to T-cytotoxic-suppressor cells (T4/T8) was also observed with statistical significance after exposure (P < 0.001). In the meanwhile, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was reported between lymphocyte proliferation rate and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) at the exposure level and duration. It is suggested that the lymphocyte subsets may be most susceptible to the effects of FA, though a single immunological endpoint is rarely related with pathophysiological interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Studies on production of pullulan by the feed batch fermentation.

The feed-batch fermentation of pullulan was investigated based on the conditions of batch fermentation. The optimal conditions of pullulan fermentation were determined by the investigation on the effect of feed mode, initial feed time, intermittent time, and composition of the feed solution on parameters such as productivity, conversion yield, biomass, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH of the fermentation broth, viscosity of the fermentation broth and molecular weight of the product. Above 70% of conversion yield and 100 kD of average molecular weight of the product was obtained at the optimal conditions.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1999

[Classification and surgical correction of hump nose].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new classification of hump nose and to develop operative techniques based on its characteristics in Chinese patients. METHODS: This paper presents and summarises 68 cases of hump nose. According to the anatomic structure of the hump nose, we classify it into four types: small hump type I and II, moderate hump and large hump. Based on the classification of hump nose, two operative methods were developed-osteotomy and non-osteotomy. RESULTS: From 1990 to 1997, 68 cases of hump nose were operated on. Postoperative follow-up for 1-18 months showed satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: By means of this classification and the operative techniques, good result can be obtained for the correction of the majority of hump noses in the Chinese.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy with dementia: clinicopathological studies of 17 cases.

OBJECTIVES: To study clinicopathologically 17 cases of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) with dementia and to investigate the possible neuropathology of this disorder. METHODS: Of 362 autopsy cases, 17 who had had dementia with proved CAA were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin, Congo red, Bodian and beta/A4 protein immunohistochemical stain were used. Brain sections were observed under light microscopy and polarized light microscopy. The amyloid was confirmed by positive Congo red stain with apple-green birefringence under polarized light and positive beta/A4 immunohistochemical stain. The severity of amyloid deposit was graded as slight, moderate and severe. RESULTS: In the 17 cases of CAA associated with dementia, Alzheimer's disease was found in 3 cases, Pick's disease in 1, multi-infarct dementia in 6, multi-hemorrhage dementia in 4, and pure CAA in 3. CONCLUSIONS: CAA not only is closely related to Alzheimer's disease, but also causes cortical multiple small infarcts and hemorrhagic lesions, which lead to dementia. Moreover, pure CAA may produce dementia through hypoperfusion of the cortex by CAA-related hyalinization and stenosis of the arteries, which lead to the loss of cortical neurons.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Combined effect of alpha-fetoprotein antisense oligodeoxy-nucleotides and 5-fluorouracil on human hepatoma cell growth.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the growth of BEL-7404 human hepatoma cells in vitro. METHODS: Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized by beta-cyanoethyl-phosphoramidite chemistry. AFP gene expression in human hepatoma cells was determined by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunocytochemical method. Cell growth in the presence or absence of experimental agents was measured using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-dipheny ltetrazolium (MTT) microculture tetrazolium assay. RESULTS: AFP antisense oligomers markedly suppressed the growth of BEL-7404 human hepatoma cells in vitro by sequence-specific blocking of the AFP gene expression in the cells (P < 0.05). 5-FU also inhibited the hepatoma cell growth in a dose-dependent manner when used alone (P < 0.05). The combined treatment with AFP antisense oligomers and 5-FU showed significantly enhanced hepatoma cell growth inhibition than either AFP antisense or 5-FU treated cells alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined use of AFP antisense oligomers and 5-FU could more effectively inhibit the growth of BEL-7404 human hepatoma cells in vitro.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical and experimental study on the treatment of endometriosis with dan'e mixture].

OBJECTIVE: To find a medicine to treat endometriosis effectively with less side-effect. METHODS: Dan'e mixture (DEM, consists of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Rhizoma Zedoariae) was used to treat 189 cases of endometriosis and the change of symptom and sign, the B ultrasonograph, the anti-endometrium antibody and endometriosis quantitative diagnostic index were observed, another 160 cases were treated with Danazol as control, also using animal model to treat with DEM and Danazol. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-nine cases were treated for 9 months. According to National Standards, 39 cases (20.6%) were cured, 67 cases (35.4%) were markedly effective, 67 cases (35.4%) were effective, and 16 cases (8.4%) were ineffective. Compared with 160 cases treated with Danazol for 9 months, the total effective rates were 95% and 91.5% respectively, the difference between them was insignificant. Animal experiments showed the similar results to the clinical ones. CONCLUSION: SZM is a safe and effective medicine to treat endometriosis, which deserves further study and development. It is particularly helpful for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of endometriosis in the early stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Treatment of severe acute renal failure with continuous renal replacement therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To present the experience in 101 severe acute renal failure (ARF) patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in our hospital from May 1986 to January 1999. METHODS: Patients'age, sex, previous health status and characteristics of renal failure were recorded. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score were calculated before CRRT treatment. RESULTS: 60 (59.4%) patients survived the acute phase of their illness, and 41 (40.6%) patients died. In the survival group, there were significantly less patients with pre-renal causes of renal failure and refractory course of uremia, low APACHE II score before treatment and less need of mechanical ventilation or vasoactive supporting. No difference was found in the percentage of oliguria between the survival and total group. CONCLUSION: CRRT is the treatment of first choice in ARF, especially in those complicated cases with severe parachymal renal diseases. The patients' age, previous health status, APACHE II score before CRRT, delayed occurrence of acute renal failure, need of mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs were predictors of a worse prognosis in severe ARF patient. The prognosis of renal type ARF patients improved with CRRT.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1999

[A clinical analysis of Mooren's corneal ulcer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and to compare the effects of several therapies of Mooren's corneal ulcer. METHODS: 550 consecutive in-patients with Mooren's corneal ulcer were clinically analyzed, including the age, sex, laterality of the eye, ulcer location, rate of perforation, cure rate of surgeries, recurrent rate, and the effects of conjunctiva excision, lamellar keratoplasty (LKP), LKP plus cyclosporin A eye drops. RESULTS: The average age of onset of the ulcer was 48.4 years old, the ratio of male to female was 1:0.74, bilateral disease occurred in 165 cases (30.0%) of whom 52 cases (31.5%) were in the younger group and 113 (68.5%) in the older group. There were 501 eyes (70.1%) with the ulcer located at the limbus of palpebral fissure, and 95 out of 715 eyes with the disease had corneal perforation, the rate of perforation being 13.3%, 41 cases (43.2%) in the younger group and 54 cases (56.8%) in the older group. The postoperative recurrent rate was 25.6%. The cure rate of once LKP plus cyclosporin A eye drops was 73.7%, the final cure rate was 95.6%, and the preservative rate of the corneal anatomical structure of the surgeries was 99.7%. CONCLUSION: LKP plus cyclosporin A eye drops is an effective treatment of Mooren's corneal ulcer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Opioid receptor mediated modulation of intrahippocampal enkephalin induced cellular immune function].

In the present work, the effect of intrahippocampal microinjection of opioid receptor antagonist naloxone on the enhancement of cellular immune responses induced by enkephalin was studied in rat. The results showed that (1) the proliferation activity of splenic lymphocytes stimulated by Con A and natural killer (NK) cell activity were decreased with microinjection of 1 microl lipopolysaccharide (LPS,50 ng/microl) into bilateral hippocampus; (2) the decrease of cellular immune responses induced by LPS could be inhibited by a preceding intrahippocampal injection of 1 microl met-enkephalin (10 microg/1 microl); (3) the enhancement of cellular immune responses induced by met-enkephalin could be blocked by an opioid receptor antagonist naloxon (10 microg/microl); and (4) cellular immune responses were also inhibited when naloxon was injected intrahippocampally alone. The above results suggest that the enhancement of cellular immune responses induced by enkephalin was mediated by opioid receptors in hippocampus.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of alpha-fetoprotein on the growth of human hepatoma cells in vitro].

The stimulatory activity of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the growth of mouse hepatoma-22 cells had been reported in our previous paper. The present work aimed at further investigation of the effect of AFP on human hepatoma cell growth by MTT colorimetric assay. The results showed that AFP could stimulate the growth of SMMC-7721 human hepatoma cells in vitro. The present results also showed that the stimulatory effect of AFP on the growth of SMMC-7721 cells was decreased by the anti-serum of AFP. The anti-AFP antibody alone could suppress the growth of SMMC-7721 cells. On the other hand, AFP and anti-AFP antibody had no effect on the growth of HL-60 human leukemia cells, indicating that the tumor cell growth stimulating effect of AFP was not simply due to non-specific addition of exogenous protein and this effect of AFP showed strict tumor cell specificity. In addition, MCF-7 human breast cancer cell growth was also promoted by AFP and inhibited by anti-AFP antibody. Because AFP cell-surface receptors have been detected in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and AFP could also be produced and secreted by MCF-7 cells, the possibility may be considered: AFP may bind with its receptors on tumor cell membrane for the purposes of growth stimulation.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1999

[A study on adhesive properties of transformed human embryonic tendon cells to PLA and PLGA].

To study the adhesive properties of transformed human embryonic tendon cells (THETCs) to polylactic acid(PLA) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid 85/15 (PLGA 85/15), the adhesive mechanical properties of single THETCs to PLA films (average thickness 18.6 microns) and PLGA 85/15 films (average thickness 17.3 microns) were measured by means of micropipet aspirating technique. The rsults showed that the attachment rate and adhesive force for two polymer groups(PLA precoated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and PLGA 85/15 precoated with BSA) were significantly lower than those for two control groups(PLA and PLGA 85/15), respectively, while the attachment rate and adhesive force for other two polymer groups (PLA precoated with poly-D-lysine (PDL) and PLGA 85/15 precoated with PDL) were significantly higher than those for two control groups, respectively, and that the adhesive properties of THETCs to PLGA 85/15 films were better than those of THETCs to PLA films. These demonstrate that BSA can inhibit THETCs attachment to polymer, and PDL can promote THETCs attachment to polymer, and suggest that PLGA 85/15 films were better than those of THETCs to PLA films. These demonstrate that BSA can inhibit THETCs attachment to polymer, and PDL can promote THETCs attachment to polymer, and suggest that PLGA 85/15 coated with PDL may be used as a new type attachment substrate for THETCs.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1999

[Vibration studies of amphetamine and methamphetamine by micro Raman].

For the first time, we obtained and investigated the Raman spectra of amphetamine and methamphetamine by micro Raman with incidence excitation light 514.5 nm under the ambient environment. According to the fact that both molecules belong to single substituted benzene which has the symmetry of Cy2v, the attribution of Raman vibration modes in amphetamine and methamphetamine molecules was carried out by studying the spectral lines in the two spectra. The Raman line that only appeared in methamphetamine but could not be seen in any other drugs we have investigated was most possibly attributed to the stretching vibration between C-N(+)-C.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1999

[Studies of narcotics by micro Raman spectroscopy].

For the first time, the Raman spectra of eight kinds of narcotics were obtained and investigated by micro Raman. The results indicated that the Raman spectra were affected by the numbers and position of methyl in substituent groups. Under incidence light 514.5 nm and appropriate measurement condition, high quality Raman spectra of drugs with low fluorescence background were obtained. In addition, we discovered that narcotine and thedaine were very sensitive to strong light radiation. Finally, by comparing Raman spectra carefully for all drugs we measured the specific Raman peaks were given for the purpose of distinguishing different kinds of drugs.

Illicit Drugs↗
PubMed1998

The topology of the substrate binding clefts of glycosyl hydrolase family 10 xylanases are not conserved.

The crystal structures of family 10 xylanases indicate that the distal regions of their active sites are quite different, suggesting that the topology of the substrate binding clefts of these enzymes may vary. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated the rate and pattern of xylooligosaccharide cleavage by the family 10 enzymes, Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa xylanase A (XYLA) and Cellulomonas fimi exoglucanase, Cex. The data showed that Cex contained three glycone and two aglycone binding sites, while XYLA had three glycone and four aglycone binding sites, supporting the view that the topologies of substrate binding clefts in family 10 glycanases are not highly conserved. The importance of residues in the substrate binding cleft of XYLA in catalysis and ligand binding were evaluated using site-directed mutagenesis. In addition to providing insight into the function of residues in the glycone region of the active site, the data showed that the aromatic residues Phe-181, Tyr-255, and Tyr-220 play important roles in binding xylose moieties, via hydrophobic interactions, at subsites +1, +3, and +4, respectively. Interestingly, the F181A mutation caused a much larger reduction in the activity of the enzyme against xylooligosaccharides compared with xylan. These data, in conjunction with a previous study (Charnock, S. J., Lakey, J. H., Virden, R., Hughes, N., Sinnott, M. L., Hazlewood, G. P., Pickersgill, R., and Gilbert, H. J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 2942-2951), suggest that the binding of xylooligosaccharides at the -2 and +1 subsites ensures that the substrates occupy the -1 and +1 subsites and thus preferentially form productive complexes with the enzyme. Loss of ligand binding at either subsite results in small substrates forming nonproductive complexes with XYLA by binding to distal regions of the substrate binding cleft.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Molecular events after antisense inhibition of hMSH2 in a HeLa cell line.

To establish a cause-effect relationship between the human mismatch repair pathway deficiency and the observed phenotypes, a hMSH2 deficient HeLa cell line (HeLa-MSH2-) was established by transfecting the HeLa cells with an antisense RNA expression plasmid. The expression plasmid was constructed by inserting an 851 bp fragment of hMSH2 cDNA into the polyclonal site of the vector pREP9 in a reversed orientation. The production of the mismatch binding protein, hMSH2, was inhibited in HeLa-MSH2- cells, as demonstrated by Western blotting and band shift assay of its whole cell extract. The growth rate of this cell line was not different from the parental HeLa cells soon after transfection. However, the rate was faster after 10 subcultures. The spontaneous mutation frequency at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus increased markedly, but no N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) tolerance appeared in this cell line. Our results clearly demonstrated several molecular events happened after the inhibition of a major mismatch recognition protein, hMSH2, in the mismatch repair pathway, mimicking carcinogenesis processes.

Base Pair Mismatch↗
PubMed1998

The interrelationship between selective tau phosphorylation and microtubule association.

The purpose of this study was to examine the modulation of tau phosphorylation mediated by protein kinase A, a kinase with low intrinsic activity, and by the constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase, as well as to examine the subsequent effects on tau-microtubule association in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Activation of protein kinase A with forskolin and rolipram significantly increased tau phosphorylation at Ser262/356 only in the presence of okadaic acid, indicating that phosphates at these sites are normally turned over rapidly. In contrast, glycogen synthase kinase appears to maintain tau phosphorylation at Thr181 and Ser396/404 since inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase with lithium reduced phosphorylation at these sites. Lithium treatment also significantly decreased tau and tyrosinated alpha-tubulin levels. Perturbation of microtubules with nocodazole or taxol induced tau dephosphorylation at Tau-1 sites, Thr181 and Ser396/404, indicating that both constitutive kinase activity and microtubule state modulate tau phosphorylation at these sites. Nocodazole- or taxol-induced tau dephosphorylation was blocked by the protein phosphatase 2A/1 inhibitor okadaic acid, but not by the protein phosphatase 2B inhibitor cyclosporin A. In addition, osmotic stress, such as treatment with 20 mM NaCl, selectively increased tau phosphorylation at the Tau-1 epitope. To investigate the effect of phosphorylation on tau association with microtubules and microtubule stability in situ, a Triton X-100 extraction assay was utilized to separate the detergent-soluble cytosolic components from the detergent-insoluble cytoskeletal components. In control cells or cells treated with lithium very little tau was detected in the cytosolic fraction. Activation of protein kinase A in the presence of okadaic acid elevated tau levels in the detergent-soluble fraction, which contained all the tau phosphorylated at Ser262/356, and also decreased microtubule stability, as indicated by decreased acetylated alpha-tubulin levels. In conclusion, the phosphorylation state of tau in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase, microtubule dynamics and osmotic stress at overlapping sites which apparently have little influence on tau-microtubule association. In contrast, phosphorylation of tau at Ser262/356 within the microtubule-binding, which was mediated in part by protein kinase A, prevented the association of tau with microtubules in situ.

Amino Acid Sequence↗