Biomedical subjects

H Wu

Publications and source records attributed to H Wu.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke-induced DNA adducts in C7Bl and DBA mice.

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), which is largely composed of the sidestream cigarette smoke, has been implicated in increased incidence of cancer among nonsmokers. The present study was conducted to compare the potential of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke to induce DNA adducts in mice. Groups of female C57Bl and DBA mice were exposed twice daily for 65-70 weeks to mainstream or sidestream smoke from the University of Kentucky reference cigarettes (2R1) in a nose-only exposure system. Animals received a total particulate matter dose of about 16 and 6 mg/kg body weight/exposure and exhibited blood carboxyhemoglobin levels of about 16 and 34%, for mainstream and sidestream smoke-exposed groups, respectively. Pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was induced by about 2- to 3-fold in both mainstream and sidestream groups of C57Bl and in mainstream smoke-exposed group of DBA mice, but not in sidestream smoke-exposed DBA mice. An analysis of total DNA adduct levels by the 32P-postlabeling assay showed a significant (12- to 25-fold) increase in the magnitude of preexisting lung DNA adducts in both mainstream and sidestream smoke-exposed C57Bl and DBA mice. Smoke exposures did not affect the total preexisting DNA adducts in liver of either strain. It is concluded that both mainstream and sidestream smoke are capable of enhancing preexisting DNA adducts in the lungs of chronically smoke-exposed mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Elevated plasma levels of VWF:Ag in hyperthyroidism are mediated through beta-adrenergic receptors.

Thyroid dysfunction influences the levels of Von Willebrand factor (VWF:Ag). Plasma VWF:Ag levels in 35 hyperthyroid patients were significantly elevated, which had a positive correlation with both T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) levels. A follow-up study of seven hyperthyroid patients undergoing anti-thyroid therapy showed that the elevated VWF:Ag levels returned to normal range with the normalization of thyroid function. On the other hand, after administration of 160 mg/day of propranolol, a specific blocker of beta-adrenergic receptors, to five hyperthyroid patients for twenty-eight days, plasma VWF:Ag levels returned to normal range, while T3, T4 levels remained high without significant alteration. These results demonstrated that the elevation of plasma VWF:Ag by thyroid hormone is mediated through beta-adrenergic receptors, which may be useful to further understand the physiological and pathological roles of thyroid hormone in the regulation of VWF:Ag levels.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

A histological study of the eye lesions in 12 leprosy patients with tuberculoid lesion in 4 eyes.

The histological reactions in 12 eyes of 12 leprosy patients were studied (5 BT, 1 BB, 1 BL and 5 LL). Granuloma lesions composed of epithelioid cells, Langerhans giant cells, macrophages and lymphocytes were found in various intraocular tissues, e.g. cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body or retina in 4 patients (1 BT and 3 LL). Of the 3 LL patients, according to the records, 2 were cured and in the other patient the outcome of the treatment was not mentioned. In view of the finding of the granulomatous lesions in the clinically cured patients and tuberculoid granuloma in the intraocular tissues in the LL patients, could there be some peculiarities in the intraocular sites? Or perhaps the tuberculoid reaction is just a manifestation of an upgrading reaction? More examinations on human leprosy eye specimens will be needed to answer these questions.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[The role of hemorheologic disturbance in experimental acute pancreatitis].

The role of hemorheologic disturbance in experimental acute pancreatitis was studied in Wistar male rats. It was found that pancreatic duct obstruction with secretin stimulation could induce acute interstitial pancreatitis (AIP), but when high molecular dextran intravenous injection being added, acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) was induced. The authors suggest that the high molecular dextran can increase blood viscosity, aggregation of erythrocytes and decrease erythrocyte deformability, which results in pancreatic microcirculatory disturbances and promotes progressive pancreatic necrosis. Hemorheologic disturbance is one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of ANP.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

[Research on hemostatic mechanism of extracts from carbonized Schizonepeta tenuifolia Brig].

It has been shown that StE can significantly shorten PT, TT, KPTT and RT of experimental animals and has an antiheparin function in the body. Meanwhile, it can significantly shorten ELT and strengthen FA. Its hemostatic action is accomplished through promoting coagulation and inhibiting fibrinolysis. 3P test and EG test were negative, it is thus impossible for a large dosage of StE to lead to DIC.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Research on hemostatic constituents in carbonized Schizonepeta tenuifolia Brig].

It has been shown that the fatsoluble extract SeE from carbonized Schizonepeta tenuifolia has an obvious hemostatic action. In a given range of dose there is a significant linear correlation between the logarithms of its doses and the reciprocal of the bleeding and coagulating times in mice. Obvious hemostatic action was observed after mice had been administered in ip and po respectively for 0.5h and 1h. The hemostatic time of the former was 6h and the latter 12h. The LD50 of StE in po was 2.652 +/- 0.286 g/kg, while in ip 1.945 4/- 0.207 g/kg.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Formation of mouse chimeras from early embryonic pluripotential stem cell].

Three chimeric mice were produced by injecting the embryonic stem cell-CCE cells into the cavity of 3.5 day host blastocysts from Kunming and C57BL/6J mice. By analyses of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1), the results show a contribution from CCE cells in heart tissue of female Kunming chimera. Breeding experiments demonstrated that all chimeric mice were fertile but none of 3 chimeras produced germ line transmission.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[A clinical study of intravenous captopril in heart failure].

A clinical study of intravenous captopril was performed in 10 patients with mild heart failure and 20 with severe heart failure. The results indicated that intravenous captopril may rapidly reduce cardiac preload and afterload, increase cardiac output, inhibit renin system activity and decrease plasma level of catecholamine. A short period of treatment with intravenous captopril may produce a rapid symptomatic improvement in patients with acute or severe heart failure. There was a good tolerance with the therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[The effect of stimulation and toxicity of rhizoma Pinelliae processed by ginger juice on animals].

Rhizoma Pinelliae boiled with ginger juice has less stimulation and toxicity on animals, which is similar to Rhizoma Pinelliae processed by alum solution. The effect of Rhizoma Pinelliae that has been immersed in ginger juice is not as good as that of the ginger-boiled. It was also observed that the stimulation of raw Rhizoma Pinelliae on mice could be reduced when the mice was given fresh or boiled ginger juice. The Rhizoma Pinelliae processed by ginger juice and alum has very little toxicity on mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Infectivity and pathogenesis of titered dosages of simian immunodeficiency virus experimentally inoculated into longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

The 50% macaque infectious dose (MID50) and pathogenesis of uncloned simian immunodeficiency virus (isolated from a pigtailed macaque, SIVmne) was determined in longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Five pairs of macaques were inoculated with 10-fold dilutions of the virus stock, and one macaque was mock-infected. The virologic and clinical status of these macaques was monitored for up to 80 weeks. The MID50 of SIVmne was determined to be 10(2) cell culture infectious dose of the original virus stock. In order to test the infectivity and pathogenesis of an established viral dose, six additional macaques were inoculated with 10x MID50 (10(3) cell culture infectious dose) of the SIVmne. The virologic and clinical status of these macaques was monitored for 40 weeks. All of the macaques inoculated with 10x MID50 or greater became infected as evidenced by seroconversion and consistent virus isolation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Macaques infected with SIVmne had an initial sharp decrease in CD2, CD20, CD4, CD8, and CD4CD29 lymphocyte subsets, whereas the CD4:CD8 ratio increased. Viremic macaques developed persistent slight to moderate peripheral lymphadenopathy approximately 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation. Four macaques subsequently died of AIDS-like disease at 29, 33, 42, and 80 weeks after inoculation. Data obtained from the viral titration study and the acute infection model will aid in the development of animal trials to evaluate antiretroviral therapies and preventive vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Analysis on postoperative prognosis in relation to blood ketone body ratios in surgical patients with liver disease].

Eighty-one patients with liver disease were studied for the postoperative changes in the arterial blood ketone body ratio (KBR) and routine liver function tests. The postoperative patients were classified into three groups-according to the postoperative changes in KBR. In the 54 patients of group A, KBR did not decrease to below 0.7, only 2 cases with complications (3.7%); in the 25 patients of group B, KBR decreased transiently to 0.4-0.7 and then increased to over 0.7, 9 cases with complications (36.0%), but they were ameliorated concomitantly with the restoration of KBR; in the 2 cases of group C, KBR decreased irreversibly to below 0.4, and a variety of complications occurred, so the patients finally died of multiple organ failure (MOF). It was found that routine liver function tests were less reliable direct indicators for the onset of postoperative hepatic insufficiency than KBR, which reflected the oxidoreduction state of liver mitochondria.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Effect of baoyuantang on level of serum lipid peroxide and vitamin E in chronic glomerulonephritis].

Serum lipid peroxide (LPO) and vitamin E (VE) were determined in 18 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) before and after treatment with Baoyuantang (BYT). It was found that before treatment the level of serum LPO (4.89 +/- 1.85 mumol/L) was higher, while the content of serum VE (4.27 +/- 1.84 micrograms/ml) was lower than those of normal controls (3.36 +/- 0.59 mumol/L, P < 0.001; 7.03 +/- 0.69 microgram/ml, P < 0.05). After treatment with BYT, the level of LPO lowered to 3.76 +/- 1.49 mumol/L, P < 0.05, as compared with the value before treatment, while the content of VE was increased to 5.33 +/- 2.45 micrograms/ml, but without statistical significance. A negative correlation was found between LPO level and VE content both before and after treatment (r = -0.495,P < 0.05; r = -0.522, P < 0.05). The results indicated chronic deficiency of VE in association with an increase in the level of LPO in the kidney in CGN patients and inhibition of LPO by BYT. After treatment complete remission was observed in 5 cases, basic remission in 3, and partial remission in 7.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Effect of different preparations of ginger on blood coagulation time in mice].

The experiments indicate that the decoction, ether extraction and suspension liquid of roasted ginger and charcoal of ginger all can markedly shorten the blood coagulation time in mice, while the decoction, ether extraction of fresh ginger and dry ginger cannot. The decoction of ginger charcoal has stronger effect than roasted ginger in shortening the blood coagulation time in mice. The effect of decoction of ginger charcoal on blood coagulation time tends to increase when the dosage is increased.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Demonstration of novel anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of diphosphonates.

Diphosphonates (DP) are synthetic pyrophosphates with a P-C-P backbone and are predominantly used for the treatment of bone diseases. Several DP have also been shown to exert significant antiarthritic effects in the rat adjuvant-induced polyarthritis model; however, there is no direct evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds. We therefore tested the effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate on delayed-type hypersensitivity granuloma elicited by s.c. implantation of antigen-soaked hydroxyapatite disks in antigen-sensitized mice. Dichloromethylene diphosphonate induced a dose-related inhibition of the delayed-type hypersensitivity granuloma response (38-64% at 25-100 mg/kg/day s.c. or p.o.); novel DP analogs, U-81581, U-82579 and U-84849 were also effective in the same dose range. In contrast, all DP failed to suppress 24-hr delayed-type hypersensitivity paw edema in mice. In addition to rat adjuvant-induced polyarthritis, mouse antigen-induced erosive arthritis was also significantly suppressed by s.c. administration of all four DP. Toxicity was minimal for each DP (> 600 mg/kg p.o. or s.c.). We conclude that DP represent a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents with excellent therapeutic potential for chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Effects of total coumarins, essential oil and water extracts of Cnidium monnieri on plasma prostaglandin and cyclic nucleotide in the rats of kidney-yang insufficiency].

Effects of total coumarins, essential oil and water extracts of Cnidium monnieri on plasma prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) and cyclic nucleotide levels in rats of Kidney-Yang insufficiency were studied. 55 rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, Group I was administered orally with saline (normal group), group II was injected with intraperitonally hydrocortison acetate to induce Kidney-Yang insufficiency (control group), group III, group IV and group V (experimental groups) were injected with hydrocortison acetate, the same as group II, and administered orally with the total coumarins, essential oil and water extracts of Fructus Cnidii respectively. The levels of plasma PGE2, PG2 alpha and plasma cAMP, cGMP were measured. In group II, in comparing with those of group I, the levels of plasma PGE2, and PGF2 alpha decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and the value of cAMP/cGMP also lowered obviously (P < 0.01) due to the significant reduction of cAMP and insignificant change of cGMP. In group III and group V, the above-mentioned indices changed significantly (P < 0.01 or 0.05) compared with those of group II, and after treatment it normalized basically in comparing with those of group I. In group IV, those indices didn't change regularly and apparently as group III and group V did, compared with group II, and could not normalize satisfactorily. It is suggested that the coumarins in the fruit of Cnidium monnieri are probably the effective ingredients to invigorate Kidney and strengthen Yang, while the efficacy of essential oil remained unconfirmed.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Studies on the mechanism of the protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum--cellular immune responses].

Kinetics of cellular immune responses was studied in C57BL/6 mice immunized with irradiation-attenuated vaccine, cryopreserved and irradiated vaccine or frozen-thawn vaccine. The results and analysis of correlation between cellular responses and resistance showed that cellular immune responses played an important role in the protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Molecular genetic analysis of bacteriophage P22 gene 3 product, a protein involved in the initiation of headful DNA packaging.

Bacteriophage P22 DNA packaging events occur in processive series on concatemeric phage DNA molecules. At the point where such series initiate, the DNA is recognized at a site called pac, and most molecular left ends are generated within six short regions called end sites, which are present in a 120 base-pair region surrounding the pac site. The bacteriophage P22 genes 2 and 3 proteins are required for successful generation of these ends and DNA packaging during progeny virion assembly. Mutants lacking the 162-amino-acid gene 3 protein replicate DNA and assemble functional procapsids. In this report we describe the nucleotide changes and DNA packaging phenotypes of a number of missense mutations of gene 3, which give the phage a higher than normal frequency of generalized transduction. In cells infected by these mutants, more packaging events initiate on the host chromosome than in wild-type infections, so the mutations are thought to affect the specificity of packaging initiation. In addition to having this phenotype, these mutations affect the process of phage DNA packaging in detectable ways. They may: (1) alter the target site specificity for packaging; (2) make target site recognition more promiscuous; (3) affect end site utilization; (4) alter the pac site; and (5) cause apparent random DNA packaging series initiation on phage DNA.

Bacteriophage P22↗

PubMed1992

Regulated expression of the human acetylated low density lipoprotein receptor gene and isolation of promoter sequences.

The acetylated low density lipoprotein (AcLDL) receptor is expressed on tissue macrophages after their differentiation from monocyte precursors and has been proposed to play a role in the generation of foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions. In the present studies, THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells were used to investigate mechanisms responsible for expression of the AcLDL receptor gene after treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA). TPA-dependent accumulation of AcLDL receptor mRNA was not detected until after a lag phase of 12 hr and was blocked by concurrent treatment with cycloheximide. In addition, the TPA-dependent induction of AcLDL receptor activity and mRNA levels was inhibited by retinoic acid and dexamethasone treatment. Isolation and sequence analysis of the promoter regions for the human and bovine AcLDL receptor genes indicated high sequence similarity. Binding sites for AP-1 proteins or other known transcription factors were not conserved between the two species, suggesting that novel factors are required for AcLDL receptor expression.

Base Sequence↗