[Recurrent urinary incontinence in the female in relation to the hypotonic urethra].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
H Wolf
Publications and source records attributed to H Wolf.
Second-trimester placental volume measurement by ultrasound: prediction of fetal outcome.
A prospective study evaluated sonographic second-trimester placental volume measurements in the prediction of fetal outcome. A parallel section scan method was used. Abnormal fetal outcome could be predicted with a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 90%. Evidence is given that fetal growth retardation is preceded by abnormal placental development in the first half of pregnancy. To a large extent, fetal birth weight and outcome are results of placental development and the ability of the placenta to meet the growing needs of the fetus as determined by its intrinsic growth potential.
Birth Weight↗
A longitudinal study of the relationship between placental and fetal growth as measured by ultrasonography.
Placental volume and fetal weight were estimated by ultrasonographic measurement at regular intervals from 16 to 20 weeks' gestation in 18 patients. The individual data were fitted to a logistic function. The estimated parameters were used to compare different groups of patients. In seven normal cases placental and fetal growth followed a sigmoid or nearly linear pattern. In four of these cases a reduction of placental and fetal growth during the last 1 to 3 weeks was apparent. In 11 cases with an abnormal outcome of pregnancy (fetal death, fetal distress necessitating a cesarean section, or neonatal weight below the 10th percentile) placental growth retardation always preceded fetal complications or growth retardation by at least 3 weeks.
Adult↗
Streptomycetes can grow through small filter capillaries.
Streptomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria growing as branching filaments. The filaments are able to deform. This ability allows the cells to squeeze through capillaries as small as 0.2 micron in diameter. After passage through the capillaries, numerous hyphae are morphologically altered to a helical structure.
Micropore Filters↗
Immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry of experimental rat bladder cancer: binding of the lectins PNA and WGA and of a Le(Y) mouse monoclonal antibody.
Two lectins, peanut agglutinin (PNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and a mouse monoclonal antibody against blood group Le(Y) were used to study the distribution of carbohydrate antigens in an experimental rat bladder cancer model. Neoplasia was induced in 28 rats by intravesical installation of N-nitroso-N-methyl-urea (NMU). Fifteen rats were installed with the NMU solvent and served as controls. Urothelial samples were taken from all animals, the atypia were graded and detailed data on the location of the lectin-binding structures and the binding of the monoclonal antibody were obtained by immunohistochemical methods. Urine samples were collected at different times during tumor development and data on the cytological location of the lectin-binding structures and the binding of the monoclonal antibody were obtained by immunocytochemical methods. Examination of the histological distribution of lectin binding structures and Le(Y) antigen showed a characteristic change in carbohydrate antigen expression associated with the development of urothelial atypia. In normal urothelium carbohydrate antigens were present in cytoplasm, whereas they became expressed on cell membranes in non-invasive carcinomas. Immunocytochemistry of urine specimens revealed a lack of correlation between the antigen expression found in exfoliated cells and that found in tissue. Morphologically normal cells from NMU-treated animals were found to express a carcinoma associated antigen pattern.
Animals↗
The obese strain of chickens: an animal model with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Animals↗
Eczema-like, erythematous, infiltrated plaques: a common side effect of subcutaneous heparin therapy.
Erythematous, infiltrated plaques appear to be a common but neglected cutaneous reaction to heparin. Erythematous, infiltrated plaques are unrelated to heparin necrosis and sometimes closely mimic contact dermatitis. We report 15 patients (14 women and 1 man, the first to be reported in the literature) in whom erythematous, infiltrated plaques developed 3 to 21 days after commencement of subcutaneous heparin therapy. The clinical appearance, routine histopathologic and immunohistopathologic findings, and results of various skin tests provided circumstantial evidence for the presence of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Subcutaneous provocation tests proved superior to intracutaneous or epicutaneous tests for the diagnosis of erythematous, infiltrated plaques. Erythematous, infiltrated plaques were caused by heparin constituents in all female patients, whereas chlorocresol was implicated as the cause in the only man.
Adult↗
[Epstein-Barr virus infections. New pathogenic and clinical aspects].
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is among the most widespread of human viruses. It causes several different diseases, such as acute infectious mononucleosis (IM), chronic active EBV-infection (cEBV), the x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP), polyclonal and oligoclonal lymphomae in connection with immunologic disorders, as well as African Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnosis are discussed. In this connection, special tests on the latency and multiplication of the Epstein-Barr virus are presented. --The Epstein-Barr virus persists in the parotid gland of healthy individuals and is secreted via saliva. It is transmitted by direct contact and responsible for infectious mononucleosis. For the first time we succeeded in proving the multiplication of the virus in the palatine tonsil during acute phase of infectious mononucleosis.
Burkitt Lymphoma↗
[Viral origin of postnatally acquired inner ear damage].
Experimental and clinical data exist which point at a possible role of herpes virus infections in postnatally acquired inner ear disturbances. The presence of viral DNA in the inner ear and vestibular organ of experimentally infected mice and pigs suggests that not only primary infections but also the reactivation of latent herpes viruses can cause severe inner ear damage. Serological examinations are presented and therapeutic considerations discussed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Recurrence rate following surgery of incontinence in patients with hypotonic urethra].
In a retrospective study, 94 patients were examined after incontinence operation. We show the anamnestic, clinical and urodynamic results. Standardised questions were used for exploring the patients' history. The loss of urine during provocation, like coughing with a filled bladder up to 300 ml, showed the clinical incontinence. The urodynamic investigations were performed with a modern, computer-guided instrument. The pressure was measured by highly flexible polyurethane catheters with micro-tip pressure transducers. The examinations were made in horizontal position with 100 ml, and upright position with either 100 ml or 300 ml bladder volume. Approx. 50% of the examined patients had postoperative stress incontinence both anamnestically and urodynamically. After vaginal repair and the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure, regardless of maximal urethral closure pressure (UVDR max), the recurrence rate was doubled in comparison to Burch colposuspension. After dividing all patients into those with hypotonic and those with normotonic urethra, the recurrence rate was doubled when UVDR max was low. The comparison of vaginal repair and abdominal colposuspension in patients with hypotonic urethra showed a significantly higher recurrence rate in the first group. In a preliminary prospective study, 19 patients with hypotonic urethra prior to surgery underwent Burch colposuspension. The examinations 3-6 months later did not show any stress incontinence. The main UVDR max ascended from 28.2 to 38.2 cm H2O. The increase was statistically significant (p less than 0.003). Unsatisfactory results after incontinence operations were obtained on patients with vaginal repair with hypotonic urethra. Preliminary results show, that after Burch colposuspension on patients with low maximal urethra closure pressure, a reduction of recurrence may be achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Cytogenetic findings in 1250 chorionic villus samples obtained in the first trimester with clinical follow-up of the first 1000 pregnancies.
First-trimester chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed in a series of 1250 pregnancies. The direct method of karyotyping was successful in 1205 (96.4%). Abnormal laboratory findings resulted in 60 terminations of pregnancy (4.8%). In addition, six unexpected balanced chromosome rearrangements were detected. False-positive cytogenetic findings occurred in 2.3%, comprising 22 with mosaicism confined to the trophoblast, and a further six non-mosaic false-positive discrepancies were detected, four after termination of pregnancy. The outcome of the first 1000 pregnancies is known in all but one. There were no false-negative findings. Of 947 pregnancies meant to be continued, 34 (3.6%) ended in pregnancy loss before 28 weeks gestation. However, obstetricians with an experience of over 150 procedures had a pregnancy loss of 1.3%.
Adult↗
Oral hairy leukoplakia: observations in 95 cases and review of the literature.
Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) was observed in 25.4% of 373 HIV-seropositive patients (n = 95). 87 were men of an average age of 37.1 yr, 8 were women (30.3 yr). 71.6% of the patients were male homosexuals. At initial diagnosis of HL the majority of cases was classified as CDC IVc1 (45.3%) and CDC II (22.1%). Average CD4/CD8 ratio (n = 19) was 0.24 with a range of 0.04-1.0. Thirty biopsies of HL revealed some of the histologic features thought to be characteristic. In only 20 of 30 biopsies EB-virus-specific-capsid antigen was detected. The problems of clinical and histological diagnosis of HL are discussed. Further strict criteria are necessary in order to define HL more distinctly.
Adult↗
Lectinohistochemistry of human bladder cancer: loss of lectin binding structures in invasive carcinomas.
With the purpose of studying changes in the expression of glycoconjugate structures in urothelium, nine different lectins (PNA, WGA, VFA, GSA II, STA, UEA I, LCA, DBA and HPA) with specificity for mono- or oligo-saccharides were used on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 47 patients who had undergone surgical resection for bladder tumors and on normal urothelial biopsies from 10 patients. The tumors were graded and a lectinohistochemical method using biotinylated lectins and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was used to demonstrate the lectin binding. Positive staining reactions of cells in cytoplasm and on membranes were evaluated in the basal, the intermediate, and the luminal cell layers, respectively. In both normal and atypical urothelium lectin binding predominated in the luminal cell layer and decreased towards the basal cell layer. In normal urothelium all lectins stained greater than 66% of the cells in the luminal cell layer in cytoplasm and between 5 and 100% of the cells on membranes depending on the lectin used. A gradual loss of lectin-binding structures was seen with increasing grade of atypia. The range of this decrease varied considerably from one lectin to another, but it was consistently found that the percentage of cells stained in cytoplasm and on membranes decreased. A significantly lower percentage of cells stained in cytoplasm was found in invasive tumor cell-islands compared to normal urothelium. In invasive tumor cell-islands staining of cells on membranes was completely absent, except for HPA lectin that stained less than 10% of the cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate a dramatic decrease in lectin-binding carbohydrate structures associated with urothelial malignant progression.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
An orally administered bacterial immunomodulator primes rabbit neutrophils for increased oxidative burst in response to opsonized zymosan.
To assess the potential effect of an orally administered immunomodulator, consisting of a lysate of seven different bacteria, on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function, rabbits were fed this preparation for five consecutive days via a gastric tube. On day 6, PMN were separated from peripheral blood and oxidative burst was triggered by opsonized zymosan or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and quantitated on a single-cell basis. This study presents the extension of an existing flow cytometric method, leading to the possibility of quantitating single-cell oxidative burst triggered by particulate (instead of only soluble) stimuli. By this means, treated animals showed statistically significant increased oxidative burst reactions compared with the control group. The data provide evidence that oral application of a bacterial immunomodulator leads to a primed state in PMN for increased oxidative activity in response to a particulate stimulus. This offers the possibility that the beneficial effect of similar treatment in humans may in part be due to comparable mechanisms.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Identification of proteins encoded by Epstein-Barr virus trans-activator genes.
Specific antisera were generated to characterize Epstein-Barr virus proteins reported to have trans-activating properties. Open reading frame BRLF1 was found to be expressed in two modifications in vivo, with molecular sizes ranging from 94 to 98 kilodaltons (kDa) depending on the cell line, whereas only one protein (Raji cells, 96 kDa) was detected by in vitro translation. Open reading frame BZLF1 encoded polypeptides of 38 and 35 kDa and additional smaller forms. A BZLF1-encoded 30-kDa protein could be detected under conditions in which expression was restricted to immediate early genes. Nuclear localization could be detected under conditions in which expression was restricted to immediate early genes. Nuclear localization could be shown for the proteins derived from reading frames BZLF1 and BMLF1. BMLF1 expression gave a heterogeneous protein pattern, with molecular sizes between 45 and 70 kDa, including a predominant 60-kDa protein detected in different B-cell lines.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Effects of cyclosporin A upon humoral and cellular immune parameters in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type I: a long-term follow-up study.
Patients who had been included in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial on the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CyA) in producing remissions in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) type I were investigated for humoral and cellular immunologic parameters. Whereas metabolic derangement before the initiation of insulin treatment led to small but significant decreases in the percentage of CD4-positive lymphocytes as well as of the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), the administration of CyA did not influence any of the immunologic parameters tested, which included proliferative lymphocyte responses to mitogens and alloantigens and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A and M. Thus NK cell activity, ADCC as well as the percentage of CD4-positive lymphocytes returned to normal levels in parallel with the normalization of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc), but were not further influenced in their course by the administration of CyA, as compared with patients receiving placebo. Interferon-induced augmentation of NK cell activity did not differ between patients with IDDM on placebo and those under CyA therapy. All other investigated parameters also remained unchanged during the time of CyA therapy. We conclude that metabolic derangement leads to a reversible disturbance of certain cellular immune functions, but their normalization achieved by insulin treatment and their further course remains uninfluenced by the administration of CyA.
Adolescent↗
Carrier bound synthetic oligopeptides in ELISA test systems for distinction between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection.
A series of synthetic carrier bound oligopeptides derived from corresponding regions of the core and envelope proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 were used in enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected individuals. The combination of peptides from regions either conserved or highly variable between the two virus types allowed the identification of HIV infection in general and the differentiation between HIV-1 and HIV-2. No specific reaction was found in seronegative individuals. The use of peptides bound to the same polystyrene carrier as in peptide synthesis allowed the establishment of a highly specific and sensitive test system without the risk of unspecific cross-reaction due to contamination with bacterial or cellular protein material.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
[Diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with special reference to electron microscopy].
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Humans↗