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Biomedical subjects

H West

Publications and source records attributed to H West.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Addressing the dual-use of antifungals and fungal antimicrobial resistance (fAMR) through a One Health approach.

Fungal antimicrobial resistance (fAMR) is accelerating, driven in part by the dual-use of antifungal modes of action in agriculture and medicine, threatening therapy. Addressing this challenge requires a unified One Health response that balances agricultural productivity, economic stability, and human and animal health. By focusing on the United Kingdom's policy approach, we argue that current efforts are constrained by fragmented governance, surveillance and regulation. To resolve this, we propose three policy recommendations: 1. a cross-government fAMR body, 2. mandatory environmental and clinical surveillance, and 3. for fungicide approvals to look beyond crop pathogens and integrate risk assessments for potential hotspots of resistance selection in human fungal pathogens. These measures will safeguard current and future antifungals while providing much-needed regulatory clarity and will be translatable to other national and regional contexts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Basic infant life support: retention of knowledge and skill.

Successful resuscitation depends upon several factors including the underlying cause for the cardiac arrest and the availability of advanced life support. Another key factor is the ability of those first on the scene to administer basic life support. Knowledge and skills in basic life support were tested in six registered children's nurses, who were randomly chosen to take part in a small exploratory study. Knowledge was tested by means of a questionnaire and skill was tested with a practical test using an infant manikin. The Resuscitation Council (RC) (1997) guidelines were used as a guide. The results demonstrated that the knowledge and skills of those assessed were unsatisfactory, so a resuscitation update was arranged. The sample group was re-tested using the same questionnaire and practical test immediately following the resuscitation update and again six weeks later. Knowledge and skills improved in five of the six participants, although the order in which they were performing aspects of basic infant life support was beginning to alter by the six-week retest.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1997

Neuronal loss correlates with but exceeds neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.

To assess the relationship between dementia, neuronal loss, and neuropathological findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we counted the number of neurons, senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles in a high-order association cortex. We studied the superior temporal sulcus of 34 individuals with AD and 17 nondemented control subjects, using statistically unbiased, stereological counting techniques. The number of superior temporal sulcus neurons in nondemented control subjects was stable across the sixth to ninth decades. In AD, more than 50% of the neurons were lost. Both neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangles increased in parallel with the duration and severity of illness, but the amount of neuronal loss exceeded by manyfold the amount of neurofibrillary tangles accumulated. In contrast to the correlation between neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss, the number of senile plaques and the percentage of the superior temporal sulcus that was covered by Abeta (amyloid burden) were not related to neuronal loss, number of neurofibrillary tangles, or duration of disease. Neither the amount nor the rate of neuronal loss in the superior temporal sulcus in AD correlated with apolipoprotein E genotype. These data suggest that neuronal loss in association areas such as the superior temporal sulcus contributes directly to cognitive impairment in AD.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Clinical and neuropathological correlates of apolipoprotein E genotype in Alzheimer's disease. Window on molecular epidemiology.

Inheritance of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) epsilon 4 allele has recently been found to be associated with Alzheimer's disease. We have studied the clinical and neuropathological correlates of apolipoprotein E genotype in a large group of Alzheimer's patients. The primary influence on clinical presentation is a shift towards earlier age of onset in individuals who have the apo E epsilon 4 gene: no change in clinical course was observed. In neuropathological studies, we find that the major influence of apo E epsilon 4 is on increased A beta deposition. These results led to a model of the biological interaction between the apo E protein and Alzheimer's disease.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1992

An audit of hearing aid quality in Denmark.

This investigation was aimed towards an evaluation of the quality of hearing aids, dispensed from a National Hearing Health Service. During a twelve month period all subjects attending the hearing aid servicing section were recorded, and the reason for the visit noted. A total of 4450 people attended (45% males, 55% females) with a median age of 71 years, range 8-99 years. Among these 60.4% of attendances could be ascribed to defective hearing aids. Among the defective hearing aids 20.6% had been used less than one year and 91.4% of the defective aids had been used less than four years, that is within the guarantee period. The recording demonstrated that specific series of aids have a defect rate of 6.6-70.9% within the first year of use. A comparison between the frequency of defects in different types of hearing aids (BTE, ITE, ITC and other hearing aids) was performed indicating that there is a risk of 8.6% that BTE will be defective within one year of provision. As 20.6% of the applicants' defective hearing aids had been used less than one year, it is concluded that the quality of hearing aids should be improved; the hearing aid manufacturers' main categories for fault finding can be used in the audiological departments within the National Hearing Health Service; the recording offers valuable data on the quality of hearing aids, and specifically poor series can be revealed within a limited period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Older adult users of outpatient mental health services.

Descriptive demographic, clinical and interview data from clients of an outpatient mental health clinic for older adults are presented. These clients are better educated and have a more frequent history of marital difficulties than older adults in general. Although a significant minority received V code and Adjustment Disorder diagnoses, the majority were depressed and had histories of prior mental health services. Economic factors are a major issue in seeking services.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Safety evaluation of Streptomyces murinus glucose isomerase.

A glucose isomerase enzyme, obtained from Streptomyces murinus, was produced by a fermentation process and subjected to a series of tests to investigate its safety in use and manufacture. It was not mutagenic (Ames test, using liquid culture) nor did it provoke chromosomal damage (rat bone marrow cytogenetics test). It did not contain (nor did the organism produce) antimicrobial activity or macrolidpolyene antibiotics. It had no teratogenic activity when administered to pregnant rats at 100,000 ppm in the diet. It was without effect upon rats when administered at this dietary concentration for 4 weeks. Dietary administration at 5000, 15,000 or 50,000 ppm to rats for 13 weeks resulted in nephrocalcinosis in females at all dosages (probably a physiological response to the altered calcium:phosphate ratio in the admixed diet) and status spongiosus in the brains of males receiving 50,000 ppm. As the finding of nephrocalcinosis in rats is generally agreed to be of no toxicological importance with regard to the use in man, the dietary concentration of 15,000 ppm was considered to be highest no-effect level. This level corresponds to an intake of some 1000 mg/kg/day, which represents approximately 8000 times the human intake based on a conservative estimation.

Aldose-Ketose Isomerases↗
PubMed1985

The mechanisms of up-regulation of the hepatic insulin receptor in hypoinsulinemic diabetes mellitus.

The mechanism underlying the increased insulin binding found in hepatic plasma membranes from streptozotocin-diabetic rats was evaluated by measuring insulin binding to intact and Triton X-100-soluble extracts of plasma membranes prepared from the livers of control rats and rats administered streptozotocin (85 mg/kg). In addition, to assess whether the cellular content of hepatic insulin receptors is also increased in diabetic animals, we measured insulin-binding activity in intact and soluble extracts of total hepatic cellular membrane preparations (100,000 X g cellular pellets). The data indicate that while insulin binding is increased (52 +/- 3%) in intact hepatic plasma membranes from diabetic rats compared to control rats, there is no comparable increase in insulin binding in intact total cellular membranes or in Triton X-100-soluble extracts of plasma membranes or total cellular membranes. We therefore conclude that the enhanced insulin binding found in the livers of diabetic rats is the result of a local redistribution of plasma membrane insulin receptors from cryptic to exposed sites. Finally, the data suggest the presence of a negative modulator of insulin-binding affinity in intact plasma and total cellular membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Prevention of unnecessary geriatric deaths: differential rate of morbidity/mortality on admission to long term care facilities.

The amount of trauma experienced by elderly entering nursing homes appears to be a function of a number of environmental factors. The present study uses physician visits, PRN medication requests, the number of prescription medications administered, and mortality to compare the effects of two nursing home types, nonprofit and proprietary, on the elderly over a period of seven months. Physician visits, medication requests, and the number of prescription medications administered fluctuated in the nonprofit homes over the seven months while they decreased and then stabilized in the proprietary homes. Mortality was significantly higher in the proprietary homes. The implications of these findings for preventive interventions are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Autotransfusion following open-heart surgery.

Autotransfusion following cardiopulmonary bypass has been used infrequently. Certain patients are noted for the potential of serious hemorrhage following conclusion of bypass. A new autotransfusion technique for use in such patients is described. The method involves a simple modification of the basic cardiopulmonary bypass setup and requires no separate autotransfusion unit. It can be utilized for several minutes after the administration of protamine. Blood salvage can be considerable and at times lifesaving.

Adult↗