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Biomedical subjects

H Weill

Publications and source records attributed to H Weill.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Silicosis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pneumothorax complicating pulmonary emphysema.

Clinical and roentgenographic findings were compared in patients 40 years of age and over and in those under 40 who were treated for acute unilateral pneumothorax. Dyspnea and anxiety were pominent in the older individuals, although pneumothoraces were usually small. Because physical findings were often unreliable, roentgenograms were required. In the presence of pulmonary emphysema, loss of retractility prevented total collapse of the underlying lung. Increased intrapleural pressure caused over-expansion of the chest wall and the depression of the diaphragm without much mediastinal shifting. Partial collapse of emphysematous lobes demonstrated bullae that were not previously obvious. Respiratory failure developed in five patients over 40 years of age, but four of them recovered after relief of the pneumothorax. Mortality for the group was low and related to associated pulmonary diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The efficiency of protective hoods used by sandblasters to reduce silica dust exposure.

Several types of respiratory protective hoods used by sandblasters were investigated in two steel fabrication yards. MSA Gravimetric Dust Samplers were used to collect respirable dust samples outside and inside hoods during sandblasting. Colorimetric and x-ray diffraction techniques were applied to the samples for free-silica determination. The majority of the sandblasters, who wore various types of air-supplied hoods, were exposed to an average level of silica dust several times higher than the TLV. Sandblasters wearing non-air-supplied hoods were at the greatest risk. Modern well maintained and properly worn air-supplied hoods offered fair protection during sandblasting periods, but the concentration of suspended respirable dust in ambient air during non-blasting intervals exceeded the TLV by several times.

Air↗
PubMed1975

Lung function consequences of dust exposure in asbestos cement manufacturing plants.

A comprehensive study of health effects associated with the mixed dust exposure in this industry has included the collection of clinical, radiographic, lung function, and dust exposure data on 859 workers in two plants. Evidence is presented supporting a dose-response relationship between indexes of dust exposure and lung function, similar to the previously reported relationship with extent of x-ray film changes using the ILO U/C classification. Lung volumes and maximum expiratory flow rates decrease in relation to increasing cumulative dust exposure while pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL) is not dust-dose related. Worders who had crocidolite exposure had smaller lung volumes, lower expiratory flow rates, and reduced DL when compared with those having only chrysotile exposure. When the study population is divided into exposure groups, data thus far analyzed suggest that the chest x-ray film will reveal small opacities as early as significant functional changes can be detected, but individuals may have functional reduction prior to the appearance of x-ray film changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory effects in toluene diisocyanate manufacture: a multidisciplinary approach.

A new plant manufacturing toluene diisocyanate (TDI) has provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of TDI vapor inhalation on respiratory health in a group of exposed workers who have been studied prior to the start of plant operation. In order to establish dose-response relationships and determine host factors, complete biologic monitoring, including pulmonary function and immunologic studies, has been performed concurrently with a comprehensive environmental monitoring program including continuous sampling for atmospheric concentrations of TDI. Study groups include workers with regular exposure to TDI in production jobs (83), workers with intermittent contact with this vapor, usually in maintenance (28), and a control group of workers employed outside the TDI area (55). This population is being followed for a period of 5 yr. The plant began operations in August 1973 with start-up procedures completed by the end of October. TDI spills occurred for numerous reasons, usually attributed to pump failure and resultant line blockage. Significant exposures also occurred in the drumming operation. The influence of these malfunctions is noted in the continuous monitoring data on atmospheric TDI concentrations which continue to reveal frequent excursions above the threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.02 ppm ceiling. These data are presented in relation to time and plant location. Although the first full year follow-up following initial exposure was not complete, certain preliminary clinical observations were made. A number of workers had episodes of acute respiratory symptoms related to single exposure to an irritant gas at work, usually either TDI or phosgene. It appears that two or three workers in the study population have become "clinically sensitized" to TDI and have been removed from regular TDI exposure. To date, the total number of workers who report the presence of recurring respiratory symptoms has not increased in comparison with the pre-exposure survey. Pulmonary function data after one full year of TDI exposure are not yet available. Pre- and post-shift ventilatory function studies do not indicate significant differences between the exposed and control groups. Selected individuals had carefully controlled inhalation challenge tests to monitored concentrations of TDI vapor under laboratory conditions. In workers suspected of having become "sensitized", immediate and/or late air flow obstruction was demonstrated and could be related to dose of inhaled TDI.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1975

Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a new volume ventilator.

A three phase laboratory and clinical evaluation of a new fluidically controlled volume ventilator (Ohio 550) was undertaken to determine if this more compact, less complex and less costly unit retained the multiple advantages which have been established for volume ventilators in the continuous ventilatory support of patients in respiratory failure. Inspired volume, peak pressure, and flow rates were continuously monitored while a "test lung" was ventilated with its "effective compliance" reduced, and ambulatory patients with varying degrees of obstructive and restrictive ventilatory impairment were ventilated with the 550 respirator. Since adequate tidal and minute volumes were achieved under these conditions of markedly altered breathing mechanics, ten patients in acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation were managed with the 550 respirator. Aside from the absence of a sighing device, not considered by the authors to be a major disadvantage, the mechanical characteristics, inspired oxygen control and alarm systems were judged satisfactory and compared favorably with the volume ventilators currently available. The fluidic control system is expected to enhance the reliability and minimize the maintenance required of this respirator.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Differences in lung effects resulting from chrysotile and crocidolite exposure.

Crocidolite asbestos exposure may carry a greater risk for the development of lung and pleural tumours than chrysotile exposure, although differences in regard to lung fibrosis have not previously been demonstrated. Clinical, radiographic and physiological indicators of lung disease were related to qualitative and quantitative estimates of past total dust exposure in two groups of workers who had spent 20 to 30 years in the asbestos cement industry. One group had exposure to chrysotile, silica and crocidolite in the pipe-making area; the other group had no crocidolite exposure. Crocidolite exposure was related to the prevalence of small irregular opacities and pleural thickening but not to small rounded opacities. The "crocidolite" group had significantly small lung volumes, lower forced expiratory flows, and reduced pulmonary diffusion. Finger clubbing was the only clinical fineing significantly more prevalent in the crocidolite-exposed workers. It is suggested that crocidolite exposure has a greater fibrogenic effect on the lungs than a similar total exposure to chrysotile asbestos.

Asbestosis↗