Laceration of the external iliac artery with a pediatric intraaortic balloon catheter.
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Catheterization↗
Biomedical subjects
H Watanabe
Publications and source records attributed to H Watanabe.
A low-grade MALT lymphoma in the form of colonic lymphoid hyperplasia with an increased serum IgG2.
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Aged↗
Influence of FK506 on experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
To investigate the role of activated T lymphocytes in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions, we studied the influence of FK506, an immunosuppressant, on the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. New Zealand White rabbits fed on a 1.5% cholesterol diet were administered FK506 at 0.05 mg/kg (n = 12), 0.1 mg/kg (n = 12) or isotonic saline (as the control, n = 12) intramuscularly three times a week for 12 weeks. Although FK506 treatment did not affect plasma lipid levels, it caused an increase in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analysis of the aorta after 8 weeks on the diet revealed that the ratio of T lymphocytes to the total number of cells in the plaques decreased significantly in the FK506 treated rabbits compared to the control rabbits. In culture, FK506 did not affect smooth muscle cell proliferation and cholesteryl ester formation in the macrophages. In contrast, culture medium from lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A decreased the accumulation of cholesteryl ester in the macrophages. This effect was inhibited by the culture medium in the presence of FK506. These findings suggest that activated T lymphocytes may inhibit intracellular cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic plaque.
Animals↗
Allotype immunoglobulin enhances alkaline phosphatase activity: implications for the inflammatory response.
To understand the interactions among components of the immune/inflammation response, we studied the effects of immunoglobulins on the phosphatase activity of alkaline phosphatase in vitro. Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase was incubated with substrate in the presence of allotypic and xenotypic immunoglobulin. We found that bovine but not rabbit immunoglobulin enhanced the phosphatase activity of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Similarly, human but not bovine immunoglobulin G enhanced human placental alkaline phosphatase activity. By enhancing alkaline phosphatase activity, immunoglobulins bound to alkaline phosphatase may assist physiologic transport functions and enhance resolution of the inflammatory response. Further, in clinical conditions with high immunoglobulin concentrations, the serum alkaline phosphatase recorded may have spuriously high values.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Surgery for thoracic esophageal carcinoma with clinically positive cervical nodes.
OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine whether and under what circumstances surgical intervention should be recommended for patients with clinically positive cervical nodes for metastasis from thoracic esophageal carcinoma by pretreatment examination. METHODS: The survival of the patients was compared using factors including anatomic subsites of the tumor, T categories, subdivisions of N categories, and R classification according to the TNM classification. RESULTS: The 5-year survival of 63 patients who underwent surgery for primary therapy was 26.7%. There was no statistically significant difference between the postoperative survivals when compared according to the location of the tumors. As a matter of course, the patients with later stages of the disease had worse survival. However, by the multivariable analysis, significant difference was recognized between the patients with tumor invading adjacent structures (T4) and those without and between the patients who received curative resection and those who did not. The 5-year survival of 47 patients who underwent surgery without residual tumor was 32.9%. CONCLUSION: Even when the patient had clinically positive cervical nodes from thoracic esophageal carcinoma, they had a possibility of long-term survival after curative resection with neck lymph node dissection. An operation is thus indicated for curative intent. Accurate pretreatment evaluation is important when deciding which patients require surgery and how to carry out a curative surgical procedure without residual tumor.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Identification of opioid receptor subtypes in antinociceptive actions of supraspinally-administered mitragynine in mice.
Mitragynine (MG), a major alkaloidal constituent extracted from the plant Mitragyna speciosa Korth, is known to exert an opioid-like activity. Our previous study showed the involvement of opioid systems in the antinociceptive activity of MG in the tail-pinch and hot-plate tests in mice. In the present study, to clarify the opioid receptor subtypes involved in the antinociceptive action of MG, we investigated the effects of selective antagonists for mu-, delta- and kappa- opioid receptors on antinociception caused by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of MG in the tail-pinch and hot-plate tests in mice. The coadministration of a selective mu-opioid antagonist, cyprodime (1-10 microg, i.c.v.) and the pretreatment with a selective mu1-opioid antagonist naloxonazine (1-3 microg, i.c.v.) significantly antagonized the antinociceptive activities of MG (10 microg, i.c.v.) and morphine (MOR, 3 microg, i.c.v.) in the tail-pinch and hot-plate tests. Naltrindole (1-5 ng, i.c.v.), a selective delta-opioid antagonist, also blocked the effects of MG (10 microg, i.c.v.) without affecting MOR (3 microg, i.c.v.) antinociception. Nor-binaltorphimine, a selective kappa-opioid antagonist, significantly attenuated MG (10 microg, i.c.v.) antinociception in the tail-pinch test but not in the hot-plate test at the dose (1 microg, i.c.v.) that antagonized the antinociceptive effects of the selective kappa-opioid agonist U50,488H in both tests, while it had no effect on MOR antinociception in either tests. These results suggest that antinociception caused by i.c.v. MG is dominantly mediated by mu- and delta-opioid receptor subtypes, and that the selectivity of MG for the supraspinal opioid receptor subtypes differs from that of MOR in mice.
Analgesics↗
Effects of methylenechloride-soluble fraction of Japanese angelica root extract, ligustilide and butylidenephthalide, on pentobarbital sleep in group-housed and socially isolated mice.
We previously showed that the extract of Japanese angelica root (JAR-E) reversed the decrease in pentobarbital (PB) sleep induced by isolation stress and yohimbine and methoxamine, stimulants of central noradrenergic systems, in mice. Here, we tested the effects of several fractions from JAR-E and ligustilide and butylidenephthalide, phthalide components of JAR-E, on PB sleep in isolated mice to elucidate the mechanism of the action of JAR-E. Methanol-soluble (Met-S) and -insoluble (Met-IS) fractions were obtained from JAR-E. Methylenechloride-soluble (MC-S) and -insoluble fractions (MC-IS) were prepared from Met-S. MC-S (11.4-76 mg/kg, p.o.) reversed the isolation stress-induced decrease in PB sleep, but neither Met-IS (0.8-2.4 g/kg, p.o.) nor MC-IS (0.7-2 g/kg, p.o.) had the same effect. The i.p. administration of MC-S exhibited a similar activity to that observed after the p.o. administration of the same fraction. Ligustilide (5-20 mg/kg, i.p.) and butylidenephthalide (10-30 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed PB sleep decrease in isolated mice. Both components (20 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the suppressive effects of yohimbine (30 nmol, i.c.v.), methoxamine (200 nmol, i.c.v.) and a benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG7142 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on PB sleep in group-housed mice. These results suggest the contribution of ligustilide and butylidenephthalide to the effect of JAR-E on PB sleep in isolated mice, and implicate central noradrenergic and/or GABA(A) systems in the effects of these components.
4-Butyrolactone↗
High-monounsaturated fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J mice.
A high-monounsaturated fat diet has been proposed as a palatable alternative to a high-carbohydrate diet in diabetic patients, but it is unknown whether a higher intake of monounsaturated fat induces obesity and diabetes, as usually observed with other types of fat. To answer this question, C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: the first group was given a high-carbohydrate diet, and the other two groups were given a high-monounsaturated fat diet (60% of total energy) as olive oil or synthetic triolein for 4 months. It has been previously reported that the C57BL/6J mouse has a genetic predisposition for intraabdominal obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by high-polyunsaturated fat (n-6) feeding. Although there were no significant differences in energy intake and fat absorption among these three groups, compared with the high-carbohydrate diet, both high-monounsaturated fat diets produced hyperglycemia, obesity, and triglyceride accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle. These data indicate that the recently recommended high-monounsaturated fat diet might induce obesity and diabetes.
Animals↗
Induction of thyroid tumours in (C57BL/6N x C3H/N)F1 mice by oral administration of kojic acid.
The tumorigenicity of kojic acid (KA), which is widely used for food and cosmetics in Japan, was examined in B6C3F1 mice. Female and male animals were divided into three groups and given 0, 1.5 and 3.0% KA containing food from the age of 6 weeks. At sacrifice after 20 months, thyroid weights were significantly increased in both sexes of mice receiving KA, especially in the male groups. The enlarged thyroid glands histologically featured diffuse hyperplasia and follicular adenomas, the incidences of the latter being 65% and 87%, respectively in 1.5% and 3.0% KA-treated males, significantly higher than the control value of 2%. In the females, the figures were 2%, 8% and 80% in the 0%, 1.5% and 3.0% KA groups, respectively. The serum free T3 levels in the 3.0% KA animals of both sexes at month 6 were significantly lower than in the controls. On the other hand, their serum TSH levels were higher, although the differences disappeared at later time points. In conclusion, continuous administration of high dose of KA induces thyroid adenomas in male and female B6C3F, mice, presumably by a mechanism involving decrease in serum free T3 levels and increased TSH.
Adenoma↗
Intraobserver and interobserver variance in the measurement of ultrasound-estimated bladder weight.
Recently, we reported that ultrasound-estimated bladder weight (UEBW) could be used as a noninvasive tool in evaluating the degree of bladder hypertrophy. This study was designed to test the reproducibility of its measurement. The overall mean UEBW of the initial measurement and that of the second one by one observer in 36 cases was 42.8 +/- 22.6 g and 42.9 +/- 22.6 g, respectively. The paired differences between two measurements ranged from -3.4 to 2.7 g, with a mean difference of only -0.1 g. The interobserver variance was also slight. The paired differences between UEBW measurements derived from the two observers in 32 cases ranged from -6.0 to 7.9 g, with a mean difference of only 0.1 g. The Cochran's test statistic of the measurements of UEBW was 0.142 for one observer and 0.130 for two, which were less than its 5% critical value. Due to these favorable characteristics, UEBW could be reliable tool for the investigation of bladder hypertrophy with a sufficient reproducibility.
Adult↗
Hypoglycemic effect of the water extract of Piper sarmentosum in rats.
The hypoglycemic effect of the water extract of the whole plant of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (Piperaceae, Thai name: Chaplu) was examined in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In an oral glucose tolerance test, a single oral administration of the water extract at doses of 0.125 and 0.25 g/kg significantly lowered the plasma glucose level in the normal rats. A reference drug, glibenclamide, at a dose of 5 mg/kg (per os, p.o.) also showed a significant hypoglycemic effect in the normal rats. In contrast, a single oral administration of the water extract at these doses and glibenclamide did not significantly lower the plasma glucose level in the diabetic rats. However, the repeated oral administration of the water extract at a dose of 0.125 g/kg for 7 days produced a significant hypoglycemic effect in the diabetic rats. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, p.o.) also caused significant hypoglycemia in the diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that the water extract of whole plant of Piper sarmentosum has a hypoglycemic effect in rats.
Animals↗
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid: a hypoglycemic constituent of aqueous extract of Pandanus odorus root.
Hypoglycemic activity-guided fraction led to the isolation of the known compound, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, from Pandanus odorus Ridl. (Thai name: Toei-hom, Pandanaceae). This compound showed a hypoglycemic effect in normal rats after the oral administration of 5 mg/kg. Additionally, the compound increased serum insulin levels and liver glycogen content in normal rats.
Animals↗
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the preventive effect of supplemental oral vitamin C on attenuation of development of nitrate tolerance.
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the preventive effect of vitamin C, an antioxidant, on the development of nitrate tolerance. BACKGROUND: Decreased intracellular production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a mechanism of nitrate tolerance, and increased superoxide levels and reduced activation of guanylate cyclase have been observed in vitro. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 24 normal volunteers and 24 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were randomized to receive either vitamin C (2 g three times daily [vitamin C group, n=12]) or placebo (placebo group, n=12). The vasodilator response to nitroglycerin was assessed with forearm plethysmography by measuring the change in FBF before and 5 min after sublingual administration of 0.3 mg of nitroglycerin. Blood samples were simultaneously obtained to measure platelet cGMP levels. FBF was measured, and blood sampling was performed serially at baseline (day 0), 3 days after administration of vitamin C or placebo (day 3) and 3 days after application of a 10-mg/24-h nitroglycerin tape concomitantly with oral vitamin C or placebo (day 6). RESULTS: There were no differences between the vitamin C and placebo groups in percent increases in FBF (%FBF) or platelet cGMP levels (%cGMP) after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin on day O (%FBF: normal volunteers 31+/-8 vs. 32+/-10; patients with IHD 32+/-9 vs. 32+/-8; %cGMP: normal volunteers 37+/-9 vs. 39+/-10; patients with IHD 38+/-10 vs. 39+/-10 [vitamin C group vs. placebo group]) or day 3 (%FBF: normal volunteers 32+/-9 vs. 33+/-9; patients with IHD 31+/-10 vs. 31+/-10; %cGMP: normal volunteers 36+/-8 vs. 37+/-9; patients with IHD 39+/-11 vs. 38+/-10 [vitamin C group vs. placebo group]). The %FBF and %cGMP in the placebo group were significantly lower on day 6 than in the vitamin C group (%FBF: normal volunteers 30+/-8 vs. 19 4, p < 0.01; patients with IHD 29+/-9 vs. 17+/-6, p < 0.01; %cGMP: normal volunteers 36 10 vs. 17+/-6, p < 0.01; patients with IHD 37+/-11 vs. 15+/-5, p < 0.01 [vitamin C group vs. placebo group]). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that combination therapy with vitamin C is potentially useful for preventing the development of nitrate tolerance.
Adult↗
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of carvedilol on the prevention of nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure.
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of carvedilol on nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure. BACKGROUND: The attenuation of cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) production due to inactivation of guanylate cyclase by increased superoxide has been reported as a mechanism of nitrate tolerance. Carvedilol has been known to combine alpha/beta-blockade with antioxidant properties. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of carvedilol on nitrate tolerance, 40 patients with chronic heart failure were randomized to four groups that received either carvedilol (2.5 mg once a day [carvedilol group, n=10]), metoprolol (30 mg once a day [metoprolol group, n=10]), doxazosin (0.5 mg once a day [doxazosin group, n=10]) or placebo (placebo group, n=10). Vasodilatory response to nitroglycerin (NTG) was assessed with forearm plethysmography by measuring the change in forearm blood flow (FBF) before and 5 min after sublingual administration of 0.3 mg NTG, and at the same time blood samples were taken from veins on the opposite side to measure platelet cGMP. Plethysmography and blood sampling were obtained serially at baseline (day 0); 3 days after carvedilol, metoprolol, doxazosin or placebo administration (day 3); and 3 days after application of a 10-mg/24-h NTG tape concomitantly with carvedilol, metoprolol, doxazosin or placebo (day 6). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the response of FBF (%FBF) and cGMP (%cGMP) to sublingual NTG on day 0 and day 3 among the four groups. On day 6, %FBF and %cGMP were significantly lower in the metoprolol, doxazosin and placebo groups than on day 0 and day 3, but these parameters in the carvedilol group were maintained. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that carvedilol may prevent nitrate tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure during continuous therapy with NTG.
Adrenergic Antagonists↗
Preventive effects of carvedilol on nitrate tolerance--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative study between carvedilol and arotinolol.
OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare the preventive efect of nitrate tolerance between carvedilol with antioxidant properties and arotinolol without antioxidant properties. BACKGROUND: The attenuation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production due to inactivation of guanylate cyclase by increased superoxide has been reported as a mechanism of nitrate tolerance. Carvedilol has been known to combine alpha- and beta-blockade with antioxidant properties. METHODS: To evaluate the preventive effect of nitrate tolerance, 24 patients with untreated hypertension were randomized to receive either carvedilol (10 mg twice a day [carvedilol group, n=8]), arotinolol (10 mg twice a day [arotinolol group, n=8]), or placebo (placebo group, n=8). Vasodilatory response to nitroglycerin (NTG) was assessed with forearm plethysmography by measuring the change in forearm blood flow (FBF) before and 5 min after sublingual administration of 0.3 mg NTG, and at the same time blood samples were taken from veins on the opposite side to measure platelet cGMP. Plethysmography and blood sampling were obtained serially at baseline (day 0), 3 days after carvedilol, arotinolol or placebo administration (day 3) and 3 days after application of a 20 mg/24 h NTG tape concomitantly with carvedilol, arotinolol or placebo (day 6). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the response of FBF (%FBF) and cGMP (%cGMP) to sublingual administration of NTG on days 0 and 3 among the three groups. On day 6, %FBF and %cGMP were significantly lower in the arotinolol group and the placebo group than days 0 and 3, but these parameters in the carvedilol group were maintained. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that carvedilol with antioxidant properties may prevent the development of nitrate tolerance during continuous therapy with NTG compared with arotinolol without antioxidant properties.
Adrenergic Antagonists↗
Syntheses and preventive effects of analogues related to 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 (ED-71) on bone mineral loss in ovariectomized rats.
Analogues related to 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-2beta-(3-hydroxypropoxy)vitamin D3 (ED-71) (2), 26,27-dimethyl ED-71 (3) and 26,27-diethyl ED-71 (4), were synthesized from lithocholic acid (5). In the study of the preventive effects of these analogues and ED-71 (2) on bone mineral loss in ovariectomized rats, 26,27-dimethyl ED-71 (3) showed the most potent activity.
Animals↗
Presence of Vicia graminea lectin- and Vicia unijuga lectin-binding (Vgu) glycoproteins in human fetal membranes and some of their biochemical properties.
We have previously reported that Vicia graminea lectin (VGA)- and Vicia unijuga lectin (VUA)-binding glycoproteins (Vgu glycoproteins), malignant tumor-associated antigens, exist in human meconium and amniotic fluid. To examine the origin of Vgu glycoprotein, their presence, some of their chemical and serological properties and their biosynthesis in the human fetal membrane, amnion and chorion laeve and accompanying membrane cells were examined. Perchloric acid-soluble fractions were prepared from human amnion and chorion laeve, after which VUA-binding components (Vgu glycoproteins) were separated by HPLC and affinity chromatography using immobilized VUA. Biosynthesis of the antigens in primary cultured cells prepared from the amnion and chorion laeve were examined by pulse-labeling and immunoprecipitation using immobilized VUA and compared with those in cultured human cancer cells. The results indicated that the serological properties of VUA-binding components in fetal membranes were similar to those of meconium and amniotic fluid, that many molecular species of VUA-binding components were synthesized in amnion and chorion laeve cells and that about 40-50% of antigens synthesized are secreted from cells while antigens synthesized in cultured cancer cells human were hardly secreted with more than 95% of the antigens remaining in the cells. From these results, we concluded that a large part of Vgu glycoproteins found in amniotic fluid is synthesized in cells of the amnion and chorion laeve and secreted into the fluid, and that Vgu glycoproteins synthesized in cancer cells were not secreted, rather they were retained in the cells.
Amnion↗
Epidemiological analysis of Salmonella enterica Enteritidis isolates in Japan by phage-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates of phage types (PTs) PT1, PT4, PT13a and PT22 derived from sporadic cases and outbreaks of food poisoning in Japan during 1994 and 1995 were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). While PT1 strains from 5 different outbreaks showed 14 PFGE patterns, 5 PFGE patterns were observed among PT4 isolates from 5 different outbreaks and 6 independent isolates from imported chicken. Interestingly, 8 out of 9 PT4 strains associated with foreign travel to Southeast Asia were indistinguishable in PFGE pattern from 5 independent isolates of imported chicken from England. Although both PT13a and PT22 were first reported in Japan in 1994, PT22 showed various PFGE patterns compared to PT13a which had the same pattern within an outbreak, unlike PT1. These results could indicate that multiple clonal lines of PT1 and PT22 had already spread while relatively fewer clonal lines of PT4 and PT13a might exist in Japan.
Bacteriophage Typing↗