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Biomedical subjects

H Wada

Publications and source records attributed to H Wada.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The immunosuppressive effect of FK 506 on canine lung transplantation.

The immunosuppressive potency of FK 506 was studied after left lung transplantation in adult mongrel dogs in comparison with cyclosporine. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchial mucosal blood flow measurement with laser Doppler velocimetry, and chest x-ray and pathologic examinations were performed. Group A had no immunosuppression (n = 5); group B received FK 506 (0.10 mg/kg/day intramuscularly (n = 5); group C received cyclosporine (20 mg/kg/day orally) (n = 5). In group A four dogs died of rejection on the seventh to the twenty-first postoperative days. Another one was killed on the fourteenth postoperative day because bronchial dehiscence occurred at the anastomosis. In group B one died of alveolar rejection on the seventh postoperative day. The remaining four survived 28 days and were put to death. In group C all five dogs survived 28 days and were put to death. In group A bronchial stenosis or dehiscence at the anastomosis was found in every one during the early postoperative period. In group B stenosis did not develop in any of the dogs, including the one that died on the seventh postoperative day. In group C slight stenosis was seen in one dog, severe narrowing in another, and good healing in the remaining three. The transplanted lungs were almost normal histologically in four animals of group B, and one showed alveolar phase rejection. In all animals of group A severe rejection was observed, and in group C two of five animals showed vascular phase rejection, two latent phase, and one fibrosis. Histologic examination of the bronchial anastomosis in group B showed almost normal bronchial epithelium and slight submucosal infiltration of mononuclear cells. In group A there was desquamation of epithelium and mild to moderate mononuclear cell infiltration. In group C hyperplasia of the epithelium was observed in two animals, an abscess at the site of anastomosis in one, and mild to moderate mononuclear cell infiltration in all five. With use of laser Doppler velocimetry, bronchial blood flow in group B was found to be the same as in group C. Laser Doppler velocimetry values reached preoperative levels by the twenty-eighth postoperative day in both groups. Although diarrhea developed in two dogs of group B, no other significant side effect of FK 506 was seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Spinal extradural angiolipoma: a case report].

This 60-year-old man had been well until four years prior to admission, when he developed slowly progressive weakness of the lower extremities. On admission he was found to have a spastic paraparesis, sensory disturbance below the level of T10 and mild sphincter dysfunction. Conventional myelography and CT myelography demonstrated an epidural mass located from T5 to T8 vertebral level. MRI revealed that the epidural mass was fusiform and markedly enhanced by the contrast medium. Laminectomy was performed and a fibrous tumor red in color was subtotally removed. Histological findings were consistent with those of angiolipoma. Angiolipoma is a rare tumor in the central nervous system and is regarded as a clinical entity different from a spinal lipoma. Occurrence of angiolipoma in the central nervous system has been reported in 40 cases in the world literature. Thirty nine cases of them occurred in the spinal canal, especially in the dorsal epidural space of the thoracic region. The fusiform shape demonstrated in this case might also be characteristic of angiolipoma in this region.

Epidural Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with pregnancy].

We examined 14 patients (18 cases) with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) during pregnancy at our department. ITP, which had improved, recurred during pregnancy in 4 cases while it developed for the first time during pregnancy in 10 cases. In the other 4 cases, pregnancy occurred in the course of ITP. Although a normal infant was born in 14 cases, 3 stillbirth and a premature infant was observed in 4 cases. Six deliveries had some toxemia of pregnancy. A transient decrease in neonatal platelets was observed in 4 of 14 cases and mother's platelets count was less than 40 X 10(3)/microliters in the 4 cases. Although antinuclear antibody, Coomb's test and antiphospholipid antibody were positive in some cases, these were not markedly related to clinical course or neonatal platelets count. Eleven cases were treated with glucocorticoids, high dose gamma globulin or platelets transfusion, but 11 cases were not treated. Since ITP is frequently observed during pregnancy and may be some risk factor for pregnancy, treatment of ITP is important during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Congenital absence of the right main pulmonary artery--a case report].

A 32-year-old man was admitted to hospital for investigation of bloody sputum. Chest roentgenogram showed a decrease in the volume of the right lung, with mediastinal shift to the right. Chest CT examination revealed narrowing of the right main pulmonary artery. Bronchofiberscopic examination was normal. Pulmonary arteriogram demonstrated complete absence of the right pulmonary artery. Cardiac catheterization showed no concomitant cardiac malformation. Therefore, this case was diagnosed as congenital absence of the right main pulmonary artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment for tuberculous spondylitis; a case report].

A 64-year-old woman was admitted with the chief complaints of severe back pain. Chest X-ray film on admission showed an abnormal mass lesion in the right upper mediastinum. Chest tomography and chest CT films revealed destruction of thoracic vertebrae (Th 2 and 3) and paravertebral abscess. Chemotherapy containing RFP was started under diagnosis of active tuberculous spondylitis of thoracic vertebrae. Three months later, curative operation for spondylitis were performed. She underwent the resection of necrotic bone and the anterior spinal fusion using transplanted bone autograft. Her post-operative course was good and she discharged three months after curative operation. Tuberculous spondylitis is still important diseases at the differential diagnosis from metastatic vertebral tumors. This report describes a successful case of surgical treatment for tuberculous spondylitis of thoracic vertebrae.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma interleukin-6 in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation].

Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was measured in 60 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Plasma IL-6 level was high in patients with DIC, and was particularly high in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF) or poor prognosis. Plasma IL-6 level correlated positively with C-reactive protein in patients without DIC, but not in those with DIC. The increased plasma IL-6 level observed in DIC patients suggests that activation of the immune system is involved in the progression of DIC and in the pathology of organ failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparative effects of 5% ethanolamine oleate versus 5% ethanolamine oleate plus 1% polidocanol for sclerosing esophageal varices.

Sixty-six patients with portal hypertension and esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis were randomized to receive either 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) or 5% EO plus 1% polidocanol (EOP) as a sclerosant for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS). The two groups were well matched with regard to age, sex and the severity of liver disease. In no patient in the two groups was there any major complication, such as esophageal perforation or esophageal bleeding. Eradication of esophageal varices was attained with an average of 4.7 and 4.3 sessions of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in the ethanolamine oleate and polidocanol groups, respectively. Data on one patient in the ethanolamine oleate group had to be excluded because he left the hospital after 2 sessions of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Esophageal ulcers occurred earlier in the polidocanol group (after an average of 2.8 weeks) than in the ethanolamine oleate group (3.8 weeks), the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.01). The rate of occurrence of esophageal stricture requiring more than 2 sessions of bougienage was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the polidocanol group (16/33, 48%) than in the ethanolamine oleate group (4/32, 12%). This study suggests that the two sclerosants have equal efficacy for treating patients with esophageal varices. With polidocanol there was ulceration and stricture in the distal esophagus.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1992

[Pneumonectomy for destroyed lung or chronic tuberculous empyema].

Fourteen patients underwent pneumonectomy for destroyed lung or tuberculous empyema at the Shimada Municipal Hospital from September 1980 to December 1985. Mean age was 61 and ten patients were males. Cough and sputum (in 12 cases) and hemosputum or hemoptysis (in 8 cases) were common complaints. Three patients had complications in the immediate postoperative period: hemorrhagic shock, pulmonary embolism and contralateral pneumothorax. They were treated conservatively. The postoperative course was uneventful in the other patients and all complaints were reduced or disappeared. And lung function improved in 3 cases with chronic empyema compressing the mediastinum. In conclusion, pneumonectomy is one of the radical operation for destroyed lung or chronic tuberculous empyema with low pulmonary function and complaints. And the critical level are 40% of %VC and 25% of FEV1.0/pr. %VC in preoperative pulmonary function.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Histamine N-methyltransferase controls the contractile response of guinea pig trachea to histamine.

The contractile response of isolated guinea pig trachea to histamine was potentiated in the presence of the histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitor SKF 91488, whereas the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine was without effect. SKF 91488 shifted in a concentration-dependent fashion the concentration-response curves to histamine to lower concentrations with the maximum by 1 log unit. The trachea contained significant HMT activity (45.4 +/- 5.0 pmol/min/mg protein). In situ hybridization to detect HMT mRNA indicated that HMT mRNA was present in the epithelium and endothelium, being more abundant in the former. Removal of the epithelium shifted the concentration-response curves to histamine to lower concentrations by 0.8 log unit, and SKF 91488 caused only a slight shift of histamine concentration-response curves in tissues denuded of epithelium. These findings suggest that HMT regulates the contractile response of guinea pig trachea to histamine, and epithelial removal-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine is largely explained by the loss of HMT in the epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Homozygous protein C deficiency: identification of a novel missense mutation that causes impaired secretion of the mutant protein C.

We analyzed the promoter region and all the coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of the protein C gene in a Japanese patient with recurrent thromboembolism and complete protein C deficiency. By sequencing these fragments we identified a previously undescribed mutation. A guanine residue was replaced by an adenine residue converting Gly-292 (GGC) to Ser (AGC) in the last exon coding for the catalytic domain. Substitution of this key amino acid, invariably conserved in the serine protease superfamily to which protein C belongs, probably leads to destabilization of the tertiary structure. In a transient expression assay with COS 7 cells, the protein C level was extremely low in the culture medium of the cells transfected with the mutated protein C expression vector, as compared with the normal vector. In contrast, the cell extracts contained similar amounts of mutant and normal protein C, suggesting impaired secretion of the mutant protein C. Using mutagenic primers to introduce a new PvuII site into the mutant allele, we made a study of the family members in this patient's pedigree, revealing that the mutant allele had been inherited in the affected individuals in this pedigree.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Abnormalities of beta spectrin with hereditary elliptocytosis in mother and child].

It is generally considered that abnormality of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton co elliptocytes. There are, however, few reports of beta spectrin variants. We found a new variant of beta spectrin in a child and her mother. This report is the first case of abnormality of beta spectrin in Japan. The propositus was an 8 month-old girl who was first examined by us in 1988. On laboratory findings, she showed anemia, increased reticulocyte count and decreased haptoglobin concentration. Both peripheral blood smears of patient and her mother showed typical elliptocytosis and they were diagnosed as hereditary elliptocytosis. SDS-PAGE patterns of the red cell membranes of the propositus and her mother were characterized by the presence of an abnormal component migrating immediately below the spectrin chains. We confirmed that the abnormal spectrin appeared clearly at the expense of normal beta chain. The abnormal spectrin (M.W. 216,000d) makes up 16% of the total beta chain. The inheritance of our case was autosomal dominant. The present case is considered as a new spectrin variant.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding the bovine histamine H1 receptor.

A functional cDNA clone for the histamine H1 receptor was isolated from a cDNA library of bovine adrenal medulla by a combination of molecular cloning in an expression vector and electrophysiological assay in Xenopus oocytes. The H1 receptor cDNA encodes a protein of 491 amino acids (Mr 55,954) with seven putative transmembrane domains, illustrating the similarity to other receptors that couple with guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G protein-coupled receptors). The sequence homology between the H1 and H2 receptors is not higher than that between the histamine H1 and m1-muscarinic receptors. The cloned receptor protein expressed in COS-7 cells bound specifically to [3H]mepyramine, an H1 receptor antagonist, and this binding was displaced by H1 receptor antagonists and histamine with affinities comparable with those in membranes of bovine adrenal medulla. H1 receptor mRNA was shown to be expressed in brain and in peripheral tissues, including lung, small intestine, and adrenal medulla. This investigation discloses the molecular nature of the H1 receptor--a receptor that mediates diverse neuronal and peripheral actions of histamine and that may be of therapeutic importance in allergy.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Glycinebetaine enhances and stabilizes the evolution of oxygen and the synthesis of ATP by cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes.

Glycinebetaine (betaine), an osmoregulant in halophilic plants, stabilized the evolution of oxygen and the synthesis of ATP by thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 when it was present during the preparation and incubation of the thylakoid membranes. Moreover, betaine enhanced the evolution of oxygen and the synthesis of ATP when present during assays. When betaine at 1.0 M was present during the preparation of thylakoid membranes and during the measurement of activity, the rate of evolution of oxygen was equivalent to that of intact cells.

2,6-Dichloroindophenol↗
PubMed1991

Histamine-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in type-1 and type-2 astrocytes in primary culture.

Histamine-induced cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation was studied in purified primary cultures of type-1 and type-2 astrocytes from neonatal rat brain. Histamine induced remarkable cAMP accumulation in type-1 astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 1.2 x 10(-5) M, Emax = 1100% of control). In contrast, histamine had no significant effect on cAMP accumulation in type-2 astrocytes. Famotidine, an H2-antagonist, dose-dependently inhibited histamine-induced cAMP accumulation in type-1 astrocytes (Ki = 3 x 10(-8) M), but mepyramine (10(-6) M), an H1-antagonist, had no effect. Dimaprit and impromidine, H2-agonists, stimulated cAMP accumulation, but 2-pyridylethylamine, an H1-agonist, did not stimulate it nor augment the H2-agonist-induced cAMP accumulation. These results indicate that (1) histamine induces cAMP accumulation in type-1 astrocytes but not in type-2 astrocytes, and that (2) histamine-induced cAMP accumulation in type-1 astrocytes is mediated by H2-receptors without significant augmentation via H1-receptors.

Animals↗