Biomedical subjects

H Wada

Publications and source records attributed to H Wada.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Preservative effects of trehalose on rat muscle flaps.

In this experiment, the effect of trehalose on the preservation of rat gracilis muscle flaps was studied. The muscle flaps were preserved in 4 degrees C Euro-Collins solution or 4 degrees C trehalose-Euro-Collins solution for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, and then replanted in the same rats using microsurgical techniques. Immediately after preservation and 1 week after replantation, the levels of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate in flaps preserved in the trehalose-Euro-Collins solution were significantly higher than those in flaps preserved in the Euro-Collins solution. In the 4 degrees C Euro-Collins solution group 1 week after replantation, focal necrosis, hyaline degeneration, and proliferation of fibroblasts were seen after 12 hours of preservation, and, after 48 hours of preservation, there were no surviving flaps. In the 4 degrees C trehalose-Euro-Collins group, focal necrosis, hyaline degeneration, and proliferation of fibroblasts were seen only after 24 hours of preservation, and, after 96 hours of preservation, two of eight flaps survived. These findings indicate that trehalose was effective in the preservation of muscle flaps.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗

PubMed1996

Plasma levels of activated FVII in various diseases.

Plasma activated factor VIIa (FVIIa) levels were measured in various diseases using mutant tissue factor (TF). FVIIa levels in thrombotic patients and patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were significantly higher than those in healthy control subjects. The plasma FVIIa levels in thrombotic patients treated with warfarin were similar to those of control subjects. The plasma FVIIa levels in pregnant women and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, infection or malignancies were high. However, the levels in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were not significantly increased. DIC patients are in a severe hypercoagulable state, and exhibit severe consumption of coagulation factors. The slightly increased FVIIa level in the DIC patients observed is probably considered to be caused by consumption of coagulation factors. The plasma FVIIa level was poorly correlated with other hemostatic parameters except for protein C in our analysis of all cases. In the analysis of DIC and thrombotic patients treated without warfarin, the plasma FVIIa level was negatively correlated with TF antigen. Plasma FVIIa levels might reflect hypercoagulability in thrombotic diseases, and a normalized FVIIa level in patients with thrombotic diseases should be considered to be associated with DIC.

Autoimmune Diseases↗

PubMed1996

Protection against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias by human thioredoxin.

Adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), identified in the supernatant of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cell culture, is a human homologue of thioredoxin and consists of 104 amino acids; it has two redox-active half-cysteine residues in an exposed active center. Human thioredoxin has many biological activities, including growth promotion, cell activation, and a catalase-like radical scavenging activity. We examined the protective effect of human thioredoxin (h-thioredoxin) against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in an isolated rat heart model with 10-min regional ischemia followed by 30-min reperfusion. Male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: a control, a superoxide dismutase (SOD 8 x 10(4) IU/L), and a catalase group (1 x 10(6) IU/L), and three groups treated with h-thioredoxin [approximately .01 microM (TRX-I group), approximately 0.1 microM (TRX-II group), and approximately 1 microM (TRX-III group)]. In the early reperfusion period, h-thioredoxin reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) to 8% in the TRX-II group (p < 0.01) from the control value of 75%. SOD and catalase reduced the incidence of VF to 43 and 33%, respectively (NS). During the entire reperfusion period, the incidence of VF in the SOD group was 79%, as compared to 83% in the control group. In the catalase and TRX-II groups, the incidence of VF was significantly reduced to 42 and 25%, respectively. These findings indicate that SOD failed to protect against the reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. h-Thioredoxin exerted a protective effect against these arrhythmias; a concentration of approximately 0.1 micro was the most effective.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Ectopic ureterocele with a horseshoe kidney in an adult.

A rare adult case of a left ectopic ureterocele associated with a duplex horseshoe kidney is reported. To the best of our knowledge, only one pediatric case of horseshoe kidney with an ectopic ureterocele has been reported. The present case was successfully treated by ureteropyelostomy, upper ureterectomy and unroofing of the ureterocele. The patient is currently followed with excretory urograms and renograms.

Choristoma↗

PubMed1996

Oral sustained-release cisplatin capsule.

An oral sustained-release cisplatin preparation was prepared by combining microporous water-insoluble pharmaceutical polymer, ethylcellulose, a membrane and a gel-forming polymer, poly(acrylic) acid (Carbopol). As cisplatin is an extremely hydrophilic and small compound, it was difficult to control the release rate solely by the micropores on the ethylcellulose capsule. To retain cisplatin within the capsule, gel-forming polymer was formulated inside the capsule. The release rate of cisplatin was dependent both on the number of micropores of the capsule and the formulated amount of Carbopol. The number of micropores ranged from 20 and 30 to 60, and the formulated amount of Carbopol varied from 15 to 100 mg. In-vitro release experiments suggested that the release rate decreased as the formulated amount of Carbopol increased when the pore number was 60 and 30. However, when pore number was decreased to 20, the effect of the amount of Carbopol was not clearly observed. In the in-vivo study using rabbits, the sustained-release cisplatin capsule was evaluated in comparison with solution after oral administration of 20 mg drug. With the pore number of 60, Cmax was 0.46 +/- 0.02 microgram mL-1 at 4 h and thereafter serum concentrations declined rapidly. When the pore number was 30, serum cisplatin level-time profiles showed long-acting patterns and AUC was reversely correlated with the formulated amount of Carbopol. Cmax and tmax were 0.41 +/- 0.02 microgram mL-1 and 3.33 +/- 0.88 h, respectively and 0.23 +/- 0.01 microgram mL-1 was obtained at 24 h after oral administration of capsule having 30 pores and 15 mg of Carbopol. We conclude that the possibility of developing an oral sustained-release cisplatin preparation is feasible.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1996

[Rapid detection of the hemolysin genes in Aeromonas sobria by the polymerase chain reaction].

The hemolysin of Aeromonas sobria is one of the important virulence factors in this organism. Rapid detection and identification test for A. sobria is important for early and specific diagnosis of this infectious disease. We evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rapid detection of A. sobria. Two pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers (ASA1-s and a; AerAAS-s and a) were used in PCR technique to detect the different hemolysin genes (ASA1 and aerAAS) in A. sobria. The PCR identified 91% of ASA1-positive and 23.4% of aerAAS-positive strains in beta-hemolytic A. sobria. Other species of Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Vibrio cholerae O1 and V. parahaemolyticus tested were negative in the PCR with two pairs of primers. The PCR technique for detection of two hemolysin genes suggested the possibility of application of this method for detection of A. sobria in A. sobria-associated infections.

Aeromonas↗

PubMed1996

Comparative effects of contraction and angiotensin II on growth of adult feline cardiocytes in primary culture.

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine whether angiotensin II causes growth of adult feline cardiocytes in long-term culture, 2) to compare the growth effects of angiotensin II with those resulting from electrically stimulated contraction, and 3) to determine whether the anabolic effects of contraction are exerted via the angiotensin type 1 receptor. Adult feline cardiocytes were cultured on laminin-coated trays in a serum-free medium. Cardiocytes were either electrically stimulated to contract (1 Hz, 5-ms pulse duration, alternating polarity) or were nonstimulated and quiescent. Quiescent cells were studied as controls and after treatment with angiotensin II (10(-8) M), losartan (10(-6) M; an angiotensin type 1-receptor antagonist), or angiotensin II plus losartan. Contracting cells were studied in the presence and absence of angiotensin II or losartan. In quiescent cardiocytes, angiotensin II treatment on day 7 significantly increased protein synthesis rates by 22% and protein content per cell by 17%. The effects of angiotensin II were completely blocked by losartan. Electrically stimulated contraction on days 4 and 7 in culture significantly increased protein synthesis rate by 18 and 38% and protein content per cell by 19 and 46%, respectively. Angiotensin II treatment did not further increase protein synthesis rate or protein content in contracting cardiocytes. Furthermore, losartan did not block the anabolic effects of contraction on protein synthesis rates or protein content. In conclusion, angiotensin II can exert a modest anabolic effect on adult feline cardiocytes in culture. In contracting feline cardiocytes, angiotensin II has no effect on growth. Growth caused by electrically stimulated contraction occurs more rapidly and is greater in magnitude than that caused by angiotensin II. Growth of contracting adult feline cardiocytes is not dependent on activation of the angiotensin receptor.

Angiotensin II↗

PubMed1996

Adjuvant chemotherapy after complete resection in non-small-cell lung cancer. West Japan Study Group for Lung Cancer Surgery.

PURPOSE: We performed a study to determine whether postoperative mild chemotherapy to maintain the patient's quality of life (QOL) and immunoactivity could also prolong survival. SUBJECT AND METHODS: From December 1985 to July 1988, 323 patients with completely resected primary non-small-cell lung cancer (stage I to III) were enrolled. The subjects were randomized into three treatment groups, as follows: cisplatin (CDDP) 50 mg/m2 body surface, vindesine (VDS) 2 to 3 mg/kg body weight for three courses, and 1-year oral administration of tegafur (FT) plus uracil (UFT) 400 mg/kg body weight (CVUft group, 115 patients); 1-year oral administration of UFT 400 mg/kg body weight (Uft group, 108 patients); or surgical treatment only (control group, 100 patients). RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rates were 60.6% for the CVUft group and 64.1% for the Uft group versus 49.0% for the control group. The results of statistical testing were P = .053 (log-rank test) and P = .044 (generalized Wilcoxon test) among the three groups, P = .083 (log-rank) and P = .074 (Wilcoxon) between the CVUft and the control groups, and P = .022 (log-rank) and P = .019 (Wilcoxon) between the Uft and the control groups, which indicates higher survival rates in the CVUft and the Uft groups compared with the control group. A multivariate statistical analysis on prognostic factors using Cox's proportional hazards model was performed with the following results: P = .037, hazards ratio = 0.64 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.42 to 0.97 (control v CVUft group); and P = .009, hazards ratio = 0.55 with a 95% CI of 0.36 to 0.86 (control v Uft group). CONCLUSION: Significantly favorable results were obtained in the CVUft and Uft groups compared with surgery alone. These data showed significant prognostic advantages in the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Infectivity of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from the bengalee to chickens.

Due to its importance in public health, the infectivity of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) originating from the bengalee, a variety of Lonchura striata, was examined in 3-day-old chickens. When chickens were inoculated orally with 10(4) CFU or 10(8) CFU of S. Typhimurium isolated from the bengalee and observed for 7 days, Salmonella was found in cloacal swabs from both groups. S. Typhimurium was also recovered from the liver, spleen and cecal of all the birds, and the counts in the cecal content were approximately 10(8) CFU per gram in each bird. Focal necrosis in the liver was observed in both groups. When chickens were inoculated with 10(4) CFU of S. Typhimurium originating from the bengalee or the chicken and observed for 21 days, more birds were positive for Salmonella in the former group than the latter group during the first week. S. Typhimurium was isolated from the liver, spleen and cecal content of both groups, and the counts of the cecal content were approximately 10(8) CFU per gram. Focal necrosis in the liver was noted in both groups. The results indicate that S. Typhimurium originating from the bengalee is infective and pathogenic to chickens, and the pathogenicity is almost similar to that of Salmonella derived from the chicken.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in fasted rats.

Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP) isoenzymes under fasting conditions were examined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), amino-acids (L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), L-homoarginine (L-HArg)) inhibition and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) treatment. The sALP of non-fasted rats was separated into three bands (S1, S2, S3) by PAGE. The molecular weight (M.W.) of S1 corresponded to that of an isoenzyme found in the ileum. By the addition of L-Phe, the staining intensity of S1 was weakened, S2 and S3 remained unchanged and the total activity of the isoenzymes extracted from intestine decreased. On the other hand, the activity of isoenzymes extracted from kidney and bone decreased by the addition of L-HArg. Therefore, S1 was judged to be derived from intestine. The activities of total sALP and S1 decreased from 16 h of fasting. Total sALP activity and sALP activity of the supernatant prepared by WGA treatment decreased, whereas the ALP activity of the precipitate (difference between total sALP activity and supernatant sALP activity) did not change. The activity band of the precipitate corresponded to that of S3 by PAGE. Therefore, S3 was judged to be derived from bone. In conclusion, under fasting conditions, the activity of S1 decreased while the activities of S2 and S3 remained unchanged.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1996

[Direct observation of the vibration and the traveling wave on the basilar membrane of the guinea pig].

Basilar membrane vibration was investigated in guinea pigs by using a laser Doppler velocimeter. To monitor the physiological condition of the cochlea, compound action potentials and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured before and after each experiment. Sharply tuned (Q10dB : 4.6-7.0) mechanical vibrations were successfully observed in 190 preparations of 15 animals. In these animals, strong compressive nonlinearity of the basilar membrane response and steep phase lag above the characteristic frequency were observed clearly. These findings strongly support the existence of active mechanical elements that play important roles behind the auditory transduction in the cochlea.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1996

[Effect of aging on distortion product otoacoustic emissions].

The effect of aging on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) was investigated in 58 ears of 32 volunteers with normal hearing DPOAE levels to tones with a fixed frequency ratio (f2/f1 = 1.2) were measured with the CUBDIS system (MIMOSA Acoustics, USA). Age dependency of DPOAE level was clearly observed both in frequency plots (DP-gram) and input-output functions. In elderly persons, DPOAE levels for higher frequency primaries were significantly lower than in younger persons, when no remarkable change of audiometry threshold was noted. These results imply that the DPOAE level can be a sensitive indicator for age-related cochlear dysfunction.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1996