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Biomedical subjects

H Wada

Publications and source records attributed to H Wada.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia with necrotizing myofascitis in a patient with hypoplastic leukemia].

A 54-year-old male was admitted to Kawasaki Medical School Hospital with the complaint of fever. His diagnosis of hypoplastic leukemia had been made one year ago. After the admission, cecal mass with pain and high fever were noted. Four days later, he suddenly lost consciousness and died. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from blood cultures and also from the myofascitis specimen. Autopsy specimen of the iliopsoas muscle showed necrotizing myofascitis. The specimen obtained from the cecum showed submucosal hemorrhage with edema and these findings were compatible to ischemic colitis. This pathogen is widely distributed in nature, especially in water fields. Therefore, it would be advised to consider the Aeromonas hydrophila as one of the pathological organisms pathognomonic for the septicemia, when one may see febrile and gastrointestinal symptoms in a patient with hematological malignancies.

Aeromonas hydrophila↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical identification of erythroid precursors in paraffin embedded bone marrow sections: spectrin is a superior marker to glycophorin.

AIM: To investigate whether spectrin can be used as an immunohistochemical marker for erythroid precursors in routinely processed paraffin embedded bone marrow sections. METHODS: Bone marrow biopsies and clot sections were stained with rabbit antihuman erythrocyte spectrin antibodies, specific for erythroid cells as shown by western blotting and bone marrow smears, and compared to sections stained with antiglycophorin monoclonal antibodies (JC159 and Ret49f). RESULTS: Antispectrin antibodies resulted in diffuse cytoplasmic staining of early erythroblasts and membranous staining of late erythroblasts as well as erythrocytes. In haematopathological samples, immature erythroid cell clusters were clearly identified. In contrast, antiglycophorin monoclonal antibodies resulted in only membranous staining of late erythroblasts, and faint staining of early erythroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Spectrin may be a superior marker to glycophorin for the identification of erythroid precursors in paraffin embedded sections.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1999

K-ras mutations appear in the premalignant phase of both microsatellite stable and unstable endometrial carcinogenesis.

AIMS: Sequential events of endometrial tumorigenesis can be studied by comparison of genetic lesions seen in normal, premalignant, and malignant tissues. The distribution of k-ras mutations in microsatellite stable and unstable premalignant lesions was studied to determine whether this gene is implicated in both tumorigenic pathways. METHODS: K-ras mutations were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing in matched endometrial normal, premalignant (atypical hyperplasias), and adenocarcinoma tissues from individual patients. Identification of precancers solely by their appearance as atypical endometrial hyperplasias is very subjective; therefore, in addition to histopathological assessment, we performed molecular testing (non-random X inactivation or clonal altered microsatellites) for an expected feature of precancers--that is, monoclonality. RESULTS: Equivalent K-ras mutation frequencies were seen in microsatellite stable (six of 33) and unstable (three of 23) cancers. In both types, K-ras mutation in monoclonal precancers usually corresponded to a change from normal to an equivocal (two of 12) or hyperplastic (10 of 12) histology. Divergent K-ras genotypes among multiple neoplastic tissues of individual patients (two of six patients) are exceptions explained either by multicentric premalignant disease, or acquisition of K-ras mutation late in neoplastic progression. CONCLUSIONS: K-ras mutation occurs in both premalignant microsatellite stable and unstable endometrial neoplasia, sometimes before acquisition of features readily diagnostic as atypical endometrial hyperplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Role of load in regulating eIF-4F complex formation in adult feline cardiocytes.

This study examined whether cardiocyte load increases eIF-4F complex formation. To increase load in vitro, adult feline cardiocytes were electrically stimulated to contract (1 Hz, 5-ms pulses). eIF-4F complex formation, measured by eIF-4G association with eIF-4E, increased 57 +/- 16% after 4 h of contraction compared with controls. eIF-4F complex formation did not increase on electrical stimulation with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), an inhibitor of active tension. Both insulin and phorbol ester increased eIF-4F complex formation, but these increases were unaffected by BDM. Insulin caused a shift of eIF-4E binding proteins (4E-BPs) into their hyperphosphorylated gamma-isoforms and dissociation of 4E-BPs from eIF-4E. Rapamycin inhibited 4E-BP phosphorylation in response to insulin but had no effect on eIF-4F complex formation. Electrically stimulated contraction caused a partial shift of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 into the gamma-isoforms, but it had no effect on 4E-BP association with eIF-4E. Rapamycin blocked the increase in eIF-4F complex formation in electrically stimulated cardiocytes and depressed contractility. These data indicate that cardiocyte load causes a tension-dependent increase in eIF-4F complex formation that does not require dissociation of 4E-BPs from eIF-4E.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Mitochondrial injuries in rat lungs preserved for 17 h: An ultrastructural study.

Mitochondria of the small vasculature endothelial cells were examined in preserved rat lungs before and after reperfusion, and the ultrastructural changes were correlated with pulmonary function after reperfusion. Rat lungs were flushed with perfusate and prostaglandin E1 and divided into five groups (n = 5 in each group): group A, normal control group; group B, University of Wisconsin solution; group C, Euro-Collins solution; group D, ET-Kyoto solution, and group E, new ET-Kyoto solution. After preservation at 4 degrees C for 17 h, the left lungs were reperfused at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Tissue was sampled and mitochondria of the small vasculature endothelial cells were ultrastructurally analyzed by transmission electron microscopy before and after reperfusion. The ultrastructure of the mitochondria was well maintained in groups A, B and E before and after reperfusion. In group C, the number of severely degenerated mitochondria in the sectional area of 100 microm2 before reperfusion was 18.0 +/- 3.9, which was significantly larger than in the other groups (p < 0.01), and the total number of mitochondria significantly decreased with reperfusion (from 24.8 +/- 3.5 to 8.2 +/- 2.4, p < 0.05). In group C, the shunt fraction, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and the wet-dry ratio of the lung tissue after reperfusion C were significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05; 76.3 +/- 1.5%, 54.8 +/- 4.2 mm Hg, and 20.6 +/- 2.5, respectively). A positive correlation was found between the percentage of the mitochondrial degeneration before reperfusion and the physiological parameters after reperfusion. Mitochondrial damage associated with cold ischemia is probably involved in lung injury caused by cold preservation and reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Influence of deflated and anaerobic conditions during cold storage on rat lungs.

Energy depletion closely correlates with ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in solid organs, but there has been no conclusion about the lungs that contain air. We investigated the alveolar state during cold storage and its relation to energy metabolism and I-R injury in an ex vivo rat lung model. The lung was deflated (DEF group) or inflated with either room air (RA group) or nitrogen (N(2) group) for 6 h at 4 degrees C, and reperfusion samples of buffer and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected (n = 6, each). Furthermore, the static lung compliance, the intrapulmonary high-energy phosphates, lactate, and pyruvate were measured. The pulmonary functions of the DEF and N(2) groups were significantly worse than those of the RA group. In the N(2) group, the intrapulmonary levels of energy charge and pyruvate/lactate ratio were significantly lower than those in the DEF and RA groups, whereas there were no significant differences between the DEF and RA groups. In the DEF group, total protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the BALF were significantly higher whereas the static lung compliance was significantly lower compared with the N(2) and RA groups. We concluded that aerobic metabolism would be essential for attenuating I-R injury of the lung, and inflation of the alveoli would be necessary for avoiding mechanical damage during reexpansion.

Air↗
PubMed1999

Aberrations of the tissue factor pathway in patients positive for lupus anticoagulant.

To evaluate the relationship between the tissue factor (TF) pathway and lupus anticoagulant (LA), in the present study, we measured the plasma levels of TF antigen and TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) antigen in patients positive for LA. Plasma TF and TFPI levels in LA-positive patients were significantly higher than levels in healthy volunteers (p < 0.01). In LA-positive patients, there were no significant differences in plasma TF and TFPI levels between patients with and without thrombosis. In patients with thrombosis, there was no significant difference in the plasma TF level between LA-positive and LA-negative patients; however, the plasma TFPI level in LA-positive patients was significantly lower than that in LA-negative patients (p < 0.01). We also examined the TF pathway in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) incubated with plasma of LA-positive patients, LA-negative patients, and healthy volunteers. TF activity was significantly higher (p < .05) in HUVECs incubated with the plasma of LA-positive patients than in cells incubated with the plasma of the other two groups (p < .01). However, there was no significant difference in TFPI antigen levels among the media of HUVECs incubated with the plasma of all groups. The viability of HUVEC incubated with the plasma of LA-positive patients with thromboses, LA-positive patients without thromboses, and LA-negative patients with thromboses were significantly lower than that of HUVECs incubated with the plasma of healthy volunteers (p < .01). These findings suggest that abnormalities of the TF pathway plays an important role in the mechanism of hypercoagulability in LA-positive patients. LA may affect vascular endothelial cells causing thrombogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Outcome of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome in Japan.

We examined 159 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome in Japan. The subjects were divided in three groups; 90 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 51 patients with verotoxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome, and 18 patients with drug-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eighty-two percent of the patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura had associated neurological disorders and 78% of drug-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pulmonary edema. Renal insufficiency was noted in the 69% cases with both hemolytic uremic syndrome groups. Seventeen patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura had systemic lupus erythematosus and 6 were pregnant. Autoantibody were positive in 53% of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Seventy-seven percent of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura received plasma exchange at 4,000 mL/day three times a week, 71% antithrombotic agents, and 78% steroid administration, respectively. However, 27% of the patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome were treated by hemodialysis in addition to antithrombotic agents. When drug-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome was diagnosed, the drug was immediately discontinued and the patients were treated with antiplatelet agents. Seventy-four percent of the patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were alive at 26 weeks compared with 95% of those with hemolytic uremic syndrome. As thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura had a high mortality rate in Japan, we should carry out early diagnosis and early treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Increased activated protein C: protein C inhibitor complex and decreased protein C inhibitor levels in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis.

Hemostatic abnormalities were examined in 55 patients during maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Before HD, plasma protein C and protein S antigens were almost within the normal range, while plasma thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT III) and plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC) levels in HD patients were increased slightly, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 level was significantly increased, compared to that in normal volunteers. Plasma activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI) complex and APC alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) complex were not detected in normal volunteers; however, plasma APC-PCI complex was increased in 36 of the patients and plasma APC-alpha 1AT complex was increased in 25 patients. Plasma PCI levels in these patients before HD were significantly decreased. Plasma TAT, PPIC, and tissue type plasminogen activator levels were significantly higher before HD than after 1 hour HD and at the end of HD, while the changes in plasma protein C antigen, protein S antigen, PCI antigen, APC-PCI complex, and APC-alpha 1AT complex were not significant after 1 hour of HD or at the end of HD compared to levels before HD. Plasma PCI levels were correlated with APC-PCI complex, suggesting that decreased PCI levels might be caused by the activation of protein C.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prognostic significance of apoptotic index in completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of apoptotic index (AI) as a prognostic factor after surgery for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 236 patients who underwent surgery for previously untreated pathologic stage I to IIIa NSCLC between 1985 and 1990 were reviewed. AI was defined as the number of apoptotic cells, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling, per 1,000 tumor cells. Proliferative index (PI) and aberrant p53 expression were also evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate for the lowest-AI group (AI < 5.0) was 74.7%; those for the lower-AI group (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0) and the higher-AI group (11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) were 51.6% and 57.8%, respectively. These survival rates were significantly lower than that of the lowest-AI group (P =.021 and P =.043, respectively). The highest-AI group (25.0 < or = AI), however, showed the most favorable prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 83.2%. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a moderate AI (5.0 < or = AI < 11.0 or 11.0 < or = AI < 25.0) was a significant factor to predict poor prognosis. The PIs for the lowest-, the lower-, the higher-, and the highest-AI groups were 32.3%, 48.0%, 54.3%, and 50.7%, respectively. The lowest-AI group showed a favorable prognosis because of its low PI, whereas the lower- and the higher-AI groups had a poor prognosis caused by increased cancer-cell proliferation. The highest-AI group showed the most favorable prognosis because apoptotic cell death overcame cell proliferation. No significant correlation was observed between AI and aberrant p53 expression. CONCLUSION: AI proved to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Developmental expression of Pax1/9 genes in urochordate and hemichordate gills: insight into function and evolution of the pharyngeal epithelium.

The epithelium of the pharynx contributes to the formation of gills in hemichordates, urochordates, cephalochordates and primitive vertebrates, and is therefore a key structure for understanding developmental mechanisms underlying the establishment of chordate body plans. Pax1- and Pax9-related genes encode transcription factors which are expressed in the pharyngeal region of cephalochordates as well as in the vertebrate pharyngeal pouch epithelium that forms the thymus and parathyroid glands. To explore the molecular basis underlying the occurrence and modifications of the pharyngeal epithelium during evolution, we isolated cDNA clones for Pax1- and Pax9-related genes of urochordates (HrPax1/9 of Halocynthia roretzi and CiPax1/9 of Ciona intestinalis) and a hemichordate (PfPax1/9 of Ptychodera flava) from gill cDNA libraries. Each gene is present as a single copy per haploid genome. All of the cDNAs encode typical paired domains and octapeptides but not a homeodomain, as is also true of other Pax1- and Pax9-related genes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on comparison of the paired domain amino-acid sequences suggests that HrPax1/9, CiPax1/9 and PfPax1/9 belong to the Pax1/9 subfamily, and that they are descendants of a single precursor of Pax1/Pax9. Screening of HrPax1/9 cDNA clones yielded six different types of transcripts which were generated by alternative splicing. Northern blot, RT-PCR/Southern and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that HrPax1/9, CiPax1/9 and PfPax1/9 are not expressed during early embryogenesis but are expressed in the epithelia of differentiating gills, suggesting that these genes encode gill-specific transcription factors. The Pax1/9 genes therefore might provide the first developmental genetic corroboration of hypotheses of organ-level homology that unifies hemichordates, urochordates and cephalochordates.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1999

Mediastinal thoracic duct cyst.

A healthy 34-year-old man had a mediastinal cyst on the imaging study. Surgical treatment was performed. The cyst was diagnosed as a thoracic duct cyst from its anatomic location and contents. Pathologic examination found it to be consistent with thoracic duct cyst. Endothelial cells on its luminal surface were identified by an immunohistologic stain with the factor VIII-related antigen. Twenty-six cases of thoracic duct cysts have been reported. We report an additional case and review the previously reported cases. We found that the ligation of the inferior pedicle of the cyst is essential to prevent postoperative chylothorax.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A case of endobronchial endometriosis treated by subsegmentectomy.

We present a case of endobronchial endometriosis with catamenial hemoptysis. The lesion was diagnosed as endobronchial endometriosis using helical CT, and the patient underwent a subsegmentectomy of the upper part of the lateral basal segment. A histopathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed findings typical of endobronchial endometriosis with intimal hyperplasia within the bronchus. Since the operation, the patient has been asymptomatic for 11 months with no recurrence of hemoptysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Protochordates.

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Animals↗
PubMed1999

Detection of GPI-anchored protein-deficient cells in patients with aplastic anaemia and evidence for clonal expansion during the clinical course.

The incidence of patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) who show a deficiency of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on their peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) cells is higher than that previously reported. We analysed the expression of CD55 or CD59 on PB and BM cells and those of colonies and bursts formed in cultures with marrow cells from AA patients. 4/21 (19%) AA cases later developed paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). 7/17 (41. 2%) AA cases showed a subpopulation without GPI-anchored proteins. The defect characteristic for PNH was observed only on the colonies/bursts but not on the PB or BM cells in three cases. We found the affected colonies/bursts in cultures using thawed marrow cells which had been cryopreserved at the diagnosis of aplasia in one patient who developed PNH 3 years later. Two different mutations of the PIG-A gene were found in the colonies/bursts at the time of AA. The nucleotide sequences were identical between the colonies/bursts at the time of AA and those after the transition to PNH. However, one of the mutations was detected only at the haemopoietic progenitor level but not in PB granulocytes. There may be latent subclones with PNH abnormalities which could expand to the level of clinical detection, or which do not progress and remain indolent for a relatively long time, implying the different extents of clonal expansion among the affected progenitors.

Adolescent↗