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Biomedical subjects

H W Sander

Publications and source records attributed to H W Sander.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Spinal cord mediation of the opioid analgesia of pregnancy.

It has been demonstrated that during pregnancy and labor in rats and humans there is an opioid-mediated elevation in the threshold for responsiveness to aversive stimuli which reaches a maximum at term. Acute administration of the opiate antagonist, naltrexone, into the lumbar intrathecal (i.t.) space of pregnant rats (day 20 of gestation) significantly reduces the threshold for reflexive jumping in response to electric footshock. The i.t. administration of the inactive stereoisomer of a closely related narcotic antagonist, (+)-naloxone, is devoid of any effect on pain threshold. No effect on the pain threshold is observed following intrathecal saline administration to pregnant rats, i.t. naltrexone administration to non-pregnant rats or following systemic administration of an intrathecally effective dose of naltrexone to pregnant rats. These data indicate that the analgesia observed during gestation is mediated, at least in part, via a spinal opioid pathway which is activated by some aspect of the pregnant condition.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diaphragmatic denervation in intensive care unit patients.

The causes of prolonged requirement for mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) are currently a subject of investigation. Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), an axonal polyneuropathy that frequently occurs with prolonged sepsis and multi-organ failure, has been cited as a frequent cause of difficulty with weaning from a ventilator. The relative contribution of diaphragmatic denervation in ICU patients with and without CIP has not been definitively determined. We reviewed 102 ventilator dependent intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) was diagnosed based upon electrodiagnostic criteria. Electrodiagnostic studies included diaphragmatic needle electromyography (EMG) to evaluate for diaphragmatic denervation. The medical charts of the patients with diaphragmatic denervation were reviewed for etiologies other than CIP for the diaphragmatic denervation. Our results suggest: 1) Respiratory impairment in ICU patients may often be unrelated to either CIP or diaphragmatic denervation; 2) Only about half of ventilator dependent CIP patients have diaphragmatic denervation; 3) Diaphragmatic denervation in ICU patients frequently may be attributable to causes other than CIP.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trapezius CMAP amplitude asymmetry in accessory neuropathy.

In accessory neuropathy electrodiagnosis, upper trapezius compound muscle action potential (CMAP) latencies and amplitudes are commonly measured. The few prior reports describing middle and lower trapezius recording have traditionally emphasized latency value determination. The utility of amplitude measurement with middle and lower trapezius recording has not, to our knowledge, been previously described in individual patients with accessory neuropathy. We report three patients (A-C) who developed unilateral accessory neuropathy following surgical procedures. Accessory nerve conduction studies were performed with surface recording over the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles. Latency values were normal except for a prolonged lower trapezius latency value in patient B. Side-side trapezius amplitude comparisons revealed striking asymmetries from all three recording sites in patients A and B (71-95% CMAP amplitude decrements) and in the lower trapezius recording of patient C. Middle and lower trapezius side-side CMAP amplitude comparisons may increase the sensitivity of accessory neuropathy electrodiagnosis.

Accessory Nerve Diseases↗