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Biomedical subjects

H W Pabst

Publications and source records attributed to H W Pabst.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Performance of two new solid-phase ligand assays for TSH using monoclonal antibodies.

Three ligand assays for TSH using monoclonal antibodies, an IRMA, an ELISA and a DELFIA were compared with a standard DAB RIA technique. The IRMA proved to be superior in respect to sensitivity, precision, reproducibility and practicality. The highest sensitivity yet, was achieved by DELFIA. IRMA, ELISA and DELFIA are performable on a daily routine basis. ELISA and DELFIA have the additional advantage of being non-isotopic immunoassays (NIIA). Under routine conditions IRMA reveals the best discrimination of hyperthyroid from euthyroid patients by basal TSH. This fact improves the TSH determination's clinical value considerably and may in the future--if confirmed--change the diagnostic schemes in use at present, e.g. rendering most of the TRH-tests unnecessary.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Dissimilar course in the right and left ventricular function in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy].

The case of a patient with severe dilative cardiomyopathy and cardiomegaly demonstrates that M-mode echocardiography and planar chest radiographs are not always sufficient to follow up the disease correctly. Using other non-invasive imaging modalities, in this case radionuclide ventriculography and NMR tomography, which provide more precise information with regard to morphology and function of both the right and the left heart, allows a more reliable follow-up of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lacrimal dacryoscintigraphy.

Lacrimal dacryoscintigraphy facilitates definite diagnosis of obstructions and stenosis of the lacrimal drainage system with little stress to the patient. Together with x-ray dacryocystography it is an important diagnostic tool especially for pre- and postoperative evaluation of the drainage apparatus. Dacryoscintigraphy is the best method for measuring the dynamics of tear drainage especially in the canaliculi. Although it is not a substitute for other methods in general use, it complements them and expands their diagnostic accuracy.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

In vivo and in vitro studies with omega-[rho-123I-phenyl]-pentadecanoic acid in rats.

Biodistribution, plasma clearance and urinary excretion of omega-[p-123I-phenyl]-pentadecanoic acid were investigated in rats. The affinity of this radiopharmaceutical to red blood cells and to the plasma proteins was determined in vitro. Various radioactive metabolites were analysed by paper electrophoresis both in blood and urine at various intervals after administration of the compound. Protein-binding in plasma was determined by both electrophoresis and TCA precipitation. In vitro studies showed 30% uptake by red blood cells at equilibrium (30 min post-injection). 48% of the activity in the red cells could be removed after repeated washing with saline. The maximum uptake by myocardium occurred at 1 min and the maximal heart-to-blood ratios at 3 min. Although in vitro protein-binding was high, in vivo studies showed a very rapid plasma clearance (94% in 3 min) which indicated a weak binding. The amount of free iodine in plasma was less than 1% at any time after injection, thus not presenting a background problem or unnecessary radiation dose to thyroid and whole body. The major radioactive metabolites were 123I-p-hippuric acid and 123I-p-benzoic acid. In urine 123I-p-hippuric acid was excreted almost quantitatively. The metabolism was very fast, even 3 min post-injection the first metabolites could be found in the blood stream. Urinary excretion did not reach a plateau until 48 h. The total amount of radioactivity excreted was 56% within 48 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Therapeutic results of malignant goiter 1960-1980. Significance of percutaneous radiotherapy in well differentiated carcinomas].

The therapeutic approach in malignant goitre is fairly uniform, apart from use of percutaneous irradiation. The influence of irradiation on survival rate in differentiated carcinomas transgressing organ boundaries was assessed in the evaluation of treatment results in 621 patients (two patient groups: 1960-1980). Early stages of tumour (T0-T1) were seen in only 18% of cases; 24% of all cases had metastases, mainly of the lungs and skeleton. Males died 1.5 times more frequently due to differentiated tumours than did females The 10-year-survival rate was 90% in patients below the age of 50 years in contrast to 60% in older patients. Papillary carcinomas had such a survival rate in 78% and follicular carcinomas in 66%. Stages T0-T2 had a survival of 87% in contrast to 58% in stage T3. Occurrence of distant metastases diminished survival to 48%. 167 patients with irradiation (I) and 73 without (II), but an otherwise equal treatment, with differentiated carcinoma stage T3 could be compared. Group I showed a 5- and 8-year survival of 88% and 75%, group II 68% and 38% (P less than 0.001). Local recurrence was the same in both groups, however metastases occurred more frequently and earlier in group II.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Capillary blood flow in the tests and testosterone secretion in the starved rat.

The average capillary blood flow in the testes was found to be 181 microliter/min/g testis tissue (n = 19) in rats starved for 5 days and 273 microliter/min/g (n = 18, p less than 0.01) in the control group. Plasma testosterone was significantly decreased in the starved animals (1.00 +/- 0.06 ng/ml vs 5.43 +/- 0.63 ng/ml). When starved and control rats were stimulated with human chorion gonadotropin, testosterone values in plasma were greatly increased in both groups. The capillary blood flow was not altered. The date indicate that human chorion gonadotropin can stimulate testosterone production in the starved rat without influencing the reduced capillary blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: lung perfusion scintigraphy and thoracic roentgenography. Comparison of results in 472 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism].

Although lung-perfusion scintigraphy has been proved to be the most helpful method in the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary embolism, especially in comparison with actual chest-X-ray or ventilation studies, sometimes problems occur in interpreting the scan. The aim of the present retrospective study in 472 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism was to reevaluate the reliability of direct and indirect radiological findings typical for pulmonary embolism. Out of 155 patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism 41% showed those signs in chest-X-ray (true-positive). 59% cases were found to be false-negative. Patients without pulmonary embolism (84%) did not demonstrate any radiological symptoms typical for pulmonary embolism (true-negative) but 16% did (false-positive). Physicians should pay more attention to X-ray findings despite the fact, that their sensitivity and specificity are low, because radiological symptoms represent important additional information, helpful especially in controversial clinical results.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Tc-generators - yield of 99mTc and ratio to 'inactive' 99Tc.

A large amount of inactive 99Tc in some delicate labeling techniques may adversely affect the results obtained. Therefore, it is important to know the ratio Q(t) of inactive 99Tc to active 99mTc, which is dependent on the time (t) elapsed since the last elution. On the other hand, in optimizing the use of Tc-generators it is desirable to know the actual yield Y(t) at any time (t) after a preceding elution. It this paper, formulas both for Q(t) and for Y(t) are derived and numerical values are tabulated. In combination with a table of the amount of 99Mo left, M(t), all the properties of a Tc-generator and of its eluates may be derived and theoretical and practical results compared. This information will help in both optimizing the use of Tc-generators and improving quality control in radiopharmaceutical laboratories.

Molybdenum↗
PubMed1982

[Head and neck cancers. What's new in clinical oncology for the practicing ENT physician?].

An interdisciplinary evaluation is made of the most common forms of head and neck cancer, with emphasis on certain aspects.--In the field of x-ray diagnostics, computed tomography dominates varying importance being given to the individual organs. Nuclear medicine pays particular attention to skeletal scintigraphy and gallium scintigraphy. In radiation therapy, progress has been made especially through the use of optimal radiation planning as well as the use of the after-loading technique and neutron radiation. Antineoplastic chemotherapy is currently being used as palliative treatment, adjuvant chemotherapy and as the first step towards a curative therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Postoperative thromboembolism prophylaxis with a reduced low dose heparin fraction and dihydroergotamine in fixed combination (author's transl)].

In a prospective randomized study th efficacy and tolerance of the conventional low dose heparin regimen was compared with a new combination of dihydroergotamine (DHE) and a reduced proportion of heparin (Heparin-Dihydergot 2500) with regard to postoperative thromboembolism prophylaxis in 350 general surgical patients. The result showed that the new combination had the same thrombotic protective action as low dose heparin monotherapy, but with regard to the concomitant risk of hemorrhage it seemed a significantly superior prophylactic variant.

Abdomen↗