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Biomedical subjects

H W Lischner

Publications and source records attributed to H W Lischner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Pyomyositis in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Patient report and brief review.

Although common in tropical regions, pyomyositis is rare in the continental United States. Fewer than 50 cases have been reported to date. It is characterized by suppuration of large muscle groups that can, if not quickly and appropriately treated, lead to sepsis and death. Diagnosis can be difficult secondary to the atypical appearance of the abscess process early on. Almost all cases have occurred in otherwise healthy people. The simultaneous occurrence of pyomyositis and immunodeficiency is rare. A recent report of a case in an adult with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is not, however, unexpected. We describe the first documented occurrence of pyomyositis in a child with AIDS. A brief review of the topic is included. Pyomyositis should be included in the list of unusual infections that can occur in children with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Effects of alcohol ingestion on in vitro susceptibility of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to infection with HIV and of selected T-cell functions.

A role for the biological effects of alcohol is postulated in the increased risk of AIDS known to be associated with chronic alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption during sexual activity. In pilot experiments peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers were studied before and after a single ingestion of 0.7 to 3.1 liters of beer or an equivalent dose of ethanol in other beverages. After moderate alcohol consumption there was increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during 28 days of culture without mitogen stimulation as indicated by overnight syncytium formation with SUP-T1 indicator cells and by increased levels of HIV p24 antigen in the culture supernates. There was also decreased ability of lymphocytes to produce interleukin 2 and soluble immune response suppressor activity after stimulation with concanavalin A, the former, possibly both, for over 4 days after alcohol ingestion. These preliminary data extend well-known immunosuppressive effects of chronic alcohol ingestion to acute ingestion and raise the question: Could even casual alcohol consumption enhance HIV infectivity and/or enhance the progression of latent HIV infection?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine with booster doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and poliovirus vaccines.

The safety and efficacy of simultaneous administration of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), and trivalent oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccines in a test group of 405 children were compared with the safety and efficacy of sequential administration of the same vaccines in a control group of 410 children given MMR followed by booster doses of DTP and OPV 2 months later. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with respect to DTP and OPV. Seroconversion rates to measles, mumps, and rubella exceeded 96% in both groups. Geometric mean titers to measles (P = .05) and rubella (P = .004) were higher in the test group, and titers of antibodies to the other seven antigens were similar in both groups. Clinical reaction data were analyzed in 248 of 405 test children and 249 of 410 control children. The rates of serious vaccine-associated reactions were low and similar in the two groups. Some minor side effects were reported more frequently in the test group, but these differences were judged to be related to study design rather than to differences in the safety of the two vaccine schedules. The results indicate that the safety and serologic efficacy of administering MMR simultaneously with reinforcing doses of DTP and OPV in the second year of life is equivalent to the safety and efficacy observed after administering these antigens separately.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1984

Bone marrow transplantation in chronic granulomatous disease.

A 5-month-old Amish infant boy with chronic granulomatous disease underwent bone marrow transplantation from his 5-year-old, histocompatible brother after a preconditioning regimen of busulfan 2 mg/kg/day for 4 days, followed by cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg/day for 4 days. At the time of bone marrow transplantation, he was free of infection, and remained so throughout the course of the transplant. He was engrafted promptly, with complete reversal of the neutrophil function defect and no sign of graft-versus-host disease. This was followed by loss of the erythroid graft and deterioration in neutrophil function over a period of 9 months. Sixteen months after transplantation, he is free of infection and growing normally, with essentially no evidence for neutrophil engraftment.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1982

Activation of Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes by immune complexes. I. Stimulation of lymphokine production by nonadherent human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by incubation with particulate immune complexes or aggregated human gamma-globulin was studied by measuring the release of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) activity. LIF-active supernatants were consistently produced when nonadherent lymphocytes containing less than 1% surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells and less than 0.2% nonspecific esterase-positive monocytes were incubated in the presence of RBC sensitized with rabbit or human antibodies or with pooled heat-aggregated human gamma-globulin. This immune complex-induced lymphokine production (ICLP) was dependent on the presence of cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (Fc gamma). ICLP could not be demonstrated with lymphocyte preparations enriched for B cells even though the latter showed vigorous LIF production in the presence of complement-sensitized erythrocytes. ICLP was dependent on the concentration of lymphocytes and of stimulant as well as on the duration of coincubation, and it required active metabolic processes and RNA and protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis. Ca++ but not Mg++ was obligatory. ICLP by non-B Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes may play a role in antibody-dependent protective inflammation and immunologic injury phenomena, which is similar to that of lymphokine release by antigen-activated T cells in delayed hypersensitivity responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Activation of Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes by immune complexes. II. Killer lymphocytes mediate Fc ligand-induced lymphokine production.

Cells that participate in immune complex-induced production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) activity can be concentrated in a population making up 2-4% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in which greater than 90% of the cells are active in a single cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay. When so concentrated, such killer (K) cell preparations are as efficient in producing LIF activity as mitogen activated T lymphocytes. Other Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells, do not produce measurable LIF activity when incubated with immune complexes (additional evidence that the K and NK cells among ligands to the FcR of the appropriate lymphocytes, possibly without need for exogenous receptor bridging, is the only requirement for their activation to immune complex-induced lymphokine production (ICLP). It is probable that ICLP by K cells palays a role in antibody-mediated effector functions in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Respiratory complications of primary hypogammaglobulinemia.

The primary hypogammaglobulinemias, with onset of acute and recurrent bacterial infections in infancy and early childhood, consist of a heterogeneous group of largely genetically determined antibody deficiency states including that congenital sex-linked form, Bruton's agammaglobulinemia. Patients with panhypogammaglobulinemia require continuous gamma globulin therapy; in spite of this, they continue to develop infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract in the form of otitis media, mastoiditis, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobranchitis, or pneumonia of a chronic and recurrent nature. The frequency and severity of these infections vary from patient to patient. These episodes all respond to antibiotic administration, often with a prolonged course. Many patients develop permanent pulmonary sequelae in the form of atelectasis, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Most of these changes involve focal areas of the lower right middle and left lingular lobes. Occasionally, the patient may develop generalized bronchiectasis but without hilar lymphadenopathy. Management emphasizes early detection, early institution of gamma globulin treatment, and administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy at the earliest onset of infection. Good pulmonary toilet, nutritional care, emotional care, and a loving home environment are of utmost importance. These patients should be followed in a medical center with the joint effort of specialists in various disciplines.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1975

T-cell deficiency in diGeorge syndrome.

DiGeorge syndrome is broadly defined as absence or hypoplasia of the thymus due to dysmorphogenesis of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches in early embryonic life. Various tests of thymic function have been evaluated in some 19 infants and young children with this syndrome. Deficiency of T lymphocytes has been shown to occur in the presence of as much as 10 to 20% of the normal amount of histologically normal thymic tissue in the partial DiGeorge syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Chorioretinal lesions, sea-blue histiocytes and other manifestations in familial chronic granulomatous disease.

Several little-emphasized manifestations of familial chronic granulomatous disease are considered: destructive chorioretinal lesions may be as constant as the pigmented histiocytosis seen in reticuloendothelial organs and could be related to a defect in the phagocytic activity of the retinal pigment epithelium; pigmented histiocytes with the staining characteristics of sea-blue histiocytes may be present in the bone marrow; patients may present with lesions resembling eosinophilic granuloma. Also discussed are some observations related to the sequestration of bacteria within phagocytic cells and the use of continuous antimicrobial therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1972

DiGeorge syndrome(s).

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Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗