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Biomedical subjects

H W Baker

Publications and source records attributed to H W Baker.

233 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Correction of cervical esophageal stricture using an axial island cheek flap.

Chronic strictures of the cervical esophagus after laryngectomy and radiation therapy pose a difficult problem in reconstructive surgery. Most conventional operations for cervical esophageal reconstruction are not well suited to the treatment of stricture because of lack of mucosal surface, or because of bulky tissues that awkwardly fit around the tracheal stoma. This report describes our experience with a new operation designed to correct this defect. We transposed an island full-thickness cheek flap, which included an inner lining of mucosa and outer covering of skin. The flap was based on the facial artery and vein, and used as a patch to the stricture area. Normal swaLlowing and excellent cosmetic appearance were achieved. There has been minor numbness of the corner of the upper lip. This flap has excellent reach, and may have multiple applications to reconstruction problems in the head and neck.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Different testosterone and LH relationships in infertile men.

In both man and animals, changes in Leydig cell structure and function accompany seminiferous tubule damage. In this study of 1745 men attending an infertility clinic, 14% of men with elevated levels of FSH also had elevated LH levels. Groups with severe seminiferous tubule failure (eg, Sertoli Cell Only syndrome or high FSH levels) showed an inverse correlation between LH and testosterone levels. In contrast, groups with milder forms of seminiferous tubule disorders (mild hypospermatogenesis, or FSH levels in the low-normal range) showed a positive correlation between LH and testosterone. It is concluded that different mechanisms must be operative to explain the opposite relationships between LH and testosterone, and that their elucidation may point to the etiology of some forms of seminiferous tubule damage in man.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between defective motility (asthenospermia) and ATP reactivation of demembranated human spermatozoa.

Human spermatozoa treated with 0.05% Triton X-100 to remove the cell membranes became immotile but flagellar movement was reinitiated by addition of 0.06 to 1 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The percentage of spermatozoa showing flagellar movement 2 minutes after addition of 1 mM ATP from men with idiopathic asthenospermia (mean +/- SD, 34 +/- 15%), oligozoospermia (17 +/- 21%), sperm autoimmunity (17 +/- 12%), vasoepididymostomy (20 +/- 22%), or idiopathic zero motility (0%) was significantly lower than with spermatozoa from normal men (54 +/- 12%). The percentage of reactivated spermatozoa was correlated with the proportion of live cells (Eosin Y stain, r = 0.602, P less than 0.001), percentage of motile cells (r = 0.761, P less than 0.001), and motility index (r = 0.759, P less than 0.001) in the same semen samples. When expressed relative to initial sperm motility, the proportion reactivated was similar for idiopathic asthenospermia (85%) and normospermia (82%). Thus, failure to produce ATP does not appear to be a frequent cause of low sperm motility in man.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Staging of head and neck cancer.

Revised staging systems for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, the major salivary glands, and the thyroid are presented. The staging has been accepted by both the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union Against Cancer and is gaining worldwide acceptance.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of primary liver tumors and oral contraceptive use.

The American College of Surgeons' survey data on 378 female and 165 male cases of primary liver tumors reported by 477 hospitals in the United States during 1970--1975 are presented. In males, 91.5% of the tumors were malignant, confirming the rarity of benign liver tumors in males. Among females, 43.9% were malignant and 56.1% were benign. Of the 212 benign tumors, 96 were hepatic cell adenomas and 58 were focal nodular hyperplasias. A positive history of oral contraceptive use was found in nearly half of all tumors, 65% of benign tumors, 74% of hepatic cell adenomas, and 74% of focal nodular hyperplasias. High frequencies of benign tumors were observed in the age group 20--30 yr. More than 80% of the tumors in this age group were found in oral contraceptive users. Symptomatology was more severe among users. No case of intraperitoneal bleeding was observed in nonusers. The findings confirm the suggested association between use of oral contraceptives and hepatic cell adenomas and focal nodular hyperplasias.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of socioeconomic status on incidences of three sexually transmitted diseases.

A new socioeconomic index scored for census tract characteristics (income, education, and household crowding) was used for study of the socioeconomic patterns of incidences of syphilis, gonorrhea, and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Oregon's three metropolitan statistical areas. Cases of syphilis and gonorrhea were reported, but cases of uterine cancer were found by intensive searches of records from hospitals and pathology laboratories. For all three diseases there was a striking inverse relationship between incidence and urban socioeconomic status, a fact that indicated that this distribution pattern is probably real and not a function of reporting bias. This strong socioeconomic effect on the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases probably reflects corresponding differences in frequencies of nonmarital sexual contacts among the different socioeconomic strata; these differences should be recognized in our efforts to develop more rational control measure for application in the community. From the information available about contacts of persons with syphilis, it appeared that this socioeconomic incidence pattern was a function of heterosexual behavior.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunoinfertility: a case study with implications for immunocontraception.

A detailed case history was compiled on a couple who have had primary infertility for more than 20 years. The history and further laboratory investigations indicated that the infertility was caused by high-titre sperm antibodies in the female. The antibodies blocked sperm-zona binding and reacted with a prominent band at 65 kD in Western blots. Preliminary studies indicate that a subset of the patient's antibodies are specific for a unique protein sequence expressed by a cDNA testis library. This antigen may have potential for immunocontraceptive vaccine development.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between sperm motility assessed with the Hamilton-Thorn motility analyzer and fertilization rates in vitro.

To determine which sperm movement characteristics are related to in vitro fertilization rates, semen and swim-up preparations used for in vitro fertilization in 108 patients were assessed using the Hamilton-Thorn HTM-2030 Motility Analyzer (HTMA) and other sperm tests. There were highly significant correlations between manual and HTMA results for sperm concentration (Spearman r = 0.881; P less than 0.001) and the percentage of motile spermatozoa (Spearman r = 0.580; P less than 0.001). The percentage of motile spermatozoa with average path velocities greater than 10 microns/s and greater than 20 microns/s, straight line and curvilinear velocity, linearity (straight line velocity vs curvilinear velocity), amplitude of lateral head displacement, and beat-cross frequency were significantly higher in the insemination medium after selection of motile spermatozoa by the swim-up technique than in the semen. Linearity (P less than 0.01), the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (P less than 0.05) and straight line velocity (P less than 0.05) in semen, and the percentage of motile spermatozoa with average path velocities greater than 10 microns/s in both semen (P less than 0.05) and insemination medium (P less than 0.05) were significantly correlated with in vitro fertilization rate when examined by a nonparametric (Spearman) test. With logistic regression analysis of all data, only the diagnoses of male infertility and tubal disease, linearity in semen, and the percentage of motile spermatozoa with average path velocities between 10 and 20 microns/s in insemination medium were significantly related to in vitro fertilization rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure of daily measurements of hCG in urine to demonstrate a high rate of early embryonic mortality.

A radioimmunoassay employing beta hCG antiserum and tracer and hCG standard was used in an attempt to detect transient luteal phase rises in hCG in urine as evidence of occult pregnancy loss. It was found that the assay lacked specificity and detected 'hCG' surges at midcycle which were not confirmed using a more specific monoclonal antibody based immunoradiometric assay. Measurements on first morning urine samples across midcycle and throughout the luteal phase in 65 cycles from 36 women attempting to conceive revealed no evidence of transient hCG production in the 56 cycles which did not go on to a clinical pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sperm morphology: consistency of assessment of the same sperm by different observers.

Photographic slides of 36 sperm were shown to a group of 28 observers with different lengths of experience in assessing sperm morphology. Experienced observers were generally consistent (10 or more of the 17 agreeing) in classifying sperm as normal, amorphous, small heads, lacking acrosomes, and having tail defects or cytoplasmic droplets but categorization was more variable for large, tapering and pyriform heads. This study highlights the need for more widespread agreement about definition of sperm shapes and the development of practical objective methods of assessment.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of human seminal plasma proteins on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Seminal plasma proteins were separated by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the patterns for different conditions compared by densitometry. The changes in pattern with time after ejaculation because of proteolysis could be largely prevented by addition of bacitracin. Patterns were similar within the one man and little influenced by duration of abstinence from ejaculation. There were marked variations in pattern between individuals and no specific differences could be detected between samples from men with normal semen analyses, vasectomy, or azoospermia from seminiferous tubule failure. However, there were distinct patterns with congenital absence of the vasa and seminal vesicles and with androgen deficiency. Methods for identification of testicular and epididymal proteins in semen would expand the clinical usefulness of examination of seminal plasma proteins.

Bacitracin↗