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Biomedical subjects

H Vik-Mo

Publications and source records attributed to H Vik-Mo.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Kinetics of a sulfadiazine-trimethoprim combination.

The pharmacokinetics of a combination of sulfadiazine and trimethoprim has been studied in 16 patients with varying degrees of reduced renal function. In normal renal function, the serum half-life (t1/2) of active sulfadiazine, total sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim were quite close: 7.7, 9.6, and 12.1 hr, respectively. There was a gradual increase in serum t1/2 with reduction in renal function for both active and total sulfadiazine and for trimethoprim. With accurate determinations of endogenous renal clearance, t1/2 estimates may be made from regression curves presented. The relative distribution in the body was unrelated to renal function. It was similar for the two fractions of sulfonamide and higher for trimethoprim. The means were 0.371, 0.176, and 1.104 L/kg, respectively, for active and total sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim.

Absorption↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of coronary blood flow during acute coronary occlusion in dogs. Effect of nicotinic acid and sodium salicylate.

The effects of the antilipolytic agents nicotinic acid (NA) and sodium salicylate (SS) on the distribution of coronary blood flow during acute myocardial ischaemia were studied in open chest dogs. Fifteen min following experimental coronary artery occlusion, blood flow in the ischaemic myocardium was on average 28% of flow in the non-ischaemic myocardium. The reduction in blood flow in the ischaemic mycardium was more pronounced in the endocardial than in epicardial halves of the myocardium. No significant change in blood flow was observed after administration of NA or SS in either the ischemic or nonischemic part of the myocardium. Both drugs reduced the extent of myocardial ischaemic injury as shown by reduced epicardial ST-segment elevations. Arterial concentrations of fatty acids were lowered by NA or SS, whereas the mechanical activity of the heart remained unchanged. It is concluded that the reduction of acute myocardial ischaemic injury effected by NA or SS is not due to changes in myocardial blood flow, but more likely to lower myocardial oxygen demand related to reduced fatty acid utilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Neisseria meningitidis infections in Northern Norway: an epidemic in 1974-1975 due mainly to group B organisms.

A severe epidemic of disease due to Neisseria meningitidis has been occurring in northern Norway since 1974. Based on bacteriological and clinical examination of cases during the 18 months between January 1, 1974 and June 30, 1975, an overall attack rate of 26.3 cases per 100,000 population per year has been calculated. The attack rates were highest in 1975 (total, 37.4 cases per 100,000 population; Troms County, 54.5) and in children younger than four years (total, 173.6; Troms County, 328.9). The epidemic shows a total case-fatality ratio of 14.1%. The highest case fatality ratio was recorded for patients older than 20 years (25.0%). Among the youngest children, cases were distinctly more frequent in males than females; in older children and adults, male patients had a clearly higher case-fatility ratio than female patients. Of the three serogroups of N. meningitidis, group B caused more cases of infection that groups A and C together. In addition, the causative meningococcal strains were almost uniformly resistant to high concentrations of sulfonamide. Both of these traits appear to have developed in northern Norway at or shortly before the time when the epidemic began.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Family study of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the relation to age and sex. The Tromso Heart Study.

A family study of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and total serum cholesterol concentration has been undertaken, and the relation to age, sex, cigarette smoking, physical activity and familial occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) was examined. HDL cholesterol was determined in 251 females and 194 males and total serum cholesterol in 677 females and 657 males, all aged 0-49 years. With respect to HDL cholesterol, significant sex differences were observed both in absolute level and in age-related change. A negative correlation between HDL cholesterol and total serum cholesterol was observed in all age groups except females aged 0-19 years, supporting the hypothesis of HDL as a ""clearing'' lipoprotein. HDL cholesterol showed a positive correlation only in pairs of first-degree relatives involving the mother and in sib-sib paris of the same sex. On the other hand, for serum cholesterol a positive correlation was found among all family members, although significantly higher between first-degree relatives than between spouses. No relation was found between cigarette smoking, physical activity of familial occurrence of MI and the HDL cholesterol or total serum cholesterol concentrations. In accordance with the ""HDL hypothesis'', the present finding could partly explain the higher incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in males than in females, and partly also the high risk which is transmitted from women with IHD to their first-degree relatives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of acute myocardial ischaemia on platelet aggregation in the coronary sinus and aorta in dogs.

The effect of an acute myocardial ischaemia on circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) in the coronary sinus and aorta was studied in open chest dogs. Even before induction of myocardial ischaemia significantly more CPA were found in the coronary sinus than in the aorta. Acute myocardial ischaemia produced by a non-thrombotic coronary artery occlusion increased CPA in coronary sinus, but not in aorta. Administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) reduced the extent of the myocardial ischaemia as evidenced by reduced ST-segment elevations in epicardial ECG. Before induction of myocardial ischaemia, ASA significantly reduced CPA in coronary sinus, but no significant effect was observed during myocardial ischaemia. In the aorta no effect of ASA on CPA was found.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Effect of sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid on epicardial ST-segment elevation during coronary artery occlusion in dogs.

The effect of sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on myocardial ischaemic injury following acute coronary artery occlusion has been studied in thoracotomized dogs during basal conditions and during elevation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration induced by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of isoprenaline (0.075-0.15 microgram/kg/min). Ischaemic injury was measured as the sum of ST-segment elevations (sigmaST) in epicardial ECG recordings from 10-15 sites 15 min after occlusion. Both sodium salicylate and ASA (60 mg/kg) significantly reduced sigmaST both before and during isoprenaline infusion. Arterial concentrations of FFA were reduced by either drug during isoprenaline infusion, whereas in the basal state only a significant effect by sodium salicylate could be demonstrated. The reduction in epicardial ST-segment elevation during coronary occlusion could not be explained by reduced mechanical activity of the heart. It is suggested that the reduction by salicylates of myocardial ischaemic injury might be related to reduced utilization of FFA by the myocardium, although a FFA-nondependent mechanism cannot be excluded in the basal state.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Increased plasma cyclic AMP concentrations in fasting man.

Plasma concentrations of adenosine 3', 5' monophosphate (cyclic AMP), free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and glucose were measured after 24, 48 and 72 h fasting in healthy male students. There was a marked rise in plasma concentrations of cyclic AMP, FFA and glycerol from 24 to 48 h fasting with no further changes from 48 to 72 h fasting. Plasma glucose concentrations fell. After 72 h fasting, inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis with a nicotinic acid analogue effected no significant change in plasma cyclic AMP concentrations, indicating that the elevated plasma nucleotide concentrations during fasting were not related to stimulation of lipolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Haemostatic and lipid abnormalities in hypothyroidism.

10 patients with hypothyroidism were examined before and 3 months after initiation of thyroxin treatment. All patients had high levels of plasma total cholesterol and total phospholipids, and 5 had an additional hypertriglyceridaemia. 1 patient had a prolonged primary bleeding time and all had a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and recalcification time in plasma. Platelet factor 3 activity in platelet rich plasma was reduced and total phospholipid and protein concentration in platelets were low. No significant correlation could be estiblished between the observed lipid, protein and haemostatic parameters, and it is suggested that they represent independent phenomena. All abnormalities were corrected by thyroxin replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Myocardial metabolism and performance during sodium salicylate infusion in dogs.

The effect of sodium salicylate on net myocardial free fatty acid (FFA) uptake, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and the mechanical activity of the heart was studied in eight intact, anesthetized dogs. Sodium salicylate was given intravenously under basal conditions and during isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Under basal conditions, sodium salicylate significantly reduced arterial FFA concentration, but did not influence net myocardial uptake of FFA, and MVO2 was unchanged. During isoproterenol infusion sodium salicylate reduced arterial FFA concentration 28% (P less than 0.01) and significantly reduced net myocardial uptake of FFA from 44.5 +/- 9.0 (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 22.3 +/- 2.1 mumol/min-100g tissue (P less than 0.05) and MVO2 from 20.3 +/- 2.2 to 160 +/- 1.9 ml/min-100g tissue (P less than 0.05). The reduction in MVO2 could not be explained by reduced mechanical activity of the heart. Most probably the mechanism for the reduction in MVO2 effected by sodium salicylate during isoproterenol infusion was mediated by reduced myocardial FFA consumption.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of human platelets on lipolytic activity in plasma.

A method for assay of lipolytic activity in platelet-poor plasma (PPP), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and washed human platelets is presented. The lipolytic activity in PRP was about twice the activity in PPP. A significant correlation between lipolysis in platelets and platelet number was established. Molar sodium chloride strongly inhibited lipolytic activity in platelets and a washing procedure did not significantly change the lipolysis. The results indicate that a lipoprotein lipase is bound to human platelets and may play a role in metabolism of triglyceride in platelets.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Right ventricular size and function as assessed by echocardiography and angiography in patients with different volume load.

A comparative study of right ventricular (RV) function, assessed by echocardiography and angiography, undertaken in 20 patients, 10 of whom had atrial septal defects (ASDs) and 10 had various other heart diseases. All of the measured echocardiographic variables of RV size, apart from RV length, were larger in the patients with ASD. When assessed by multiple regression analysis, the RV M-mode dimension was an independent variable of RV angiographic end-diastolic volume (EDV) in patients without RV volume load (R = 0.92, R2 = 0.85, p < 0.001). In the patients with ASD, echocardiographic RV end-diastolic area was an independent variable of angiographic RVEDV (R = 0.75, R2 = 0.55, p < 0.05), whereas M-mode dimension had a weaker correlation (r = 0.29). The agreement between RV ejection fraction (RVEF) obtained by echocardiography and angiography was moderate in both patient groups. However, fractional area change and fractional length change could not estimate RVEF better. Thus care should be taken to use single measurements and derivatives as the only parameters of RV size and function.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative effects of dobutamine and corwin, a beta 1-adrenergic partial agonist, in experimental left ventricular failure.

Corwin is a new, long-acting beta 1-adrenergic partial agonist for oral and intravenous (i.v.) use. The effects of corwin were compared with those of dobutamine in acute ischemic left ventricular failure in dogs. Failure was produced by embolization of the left main coronary artery with 50 micron plastic microspheres. This induced severe depression in left ventricular function, as evidenced by a marked increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, reduction in left ventricular dP/dtmax, and cardiac output. After 45 min was allowed for stabilization, the 27 dogs were randomly assigned to three groups: control (n = 9), dobutamine-treated (5-10 micrograms/kg/min i.v., n = 9), and corwin-treated (0.025-0.10 mg/kg i.v., n = 9). The doses of dobutamine and corwin were adjusted to give an increase in left ventricular dP/dtmax of 50%. Both drugs similarly increased cardiac output (p less than 0.01), lowered left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p less than 0.01) and total peripheral vascular resistance (p less than 0.01), but did not affect the heart rate. Only dobutamine increased the mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.01). Both drugs also increased the arterial concentrations and myocardial uptake of fatty acids (p less than 0.05) but caused only a small and nonsignificant increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. Our findings indicate that the hemodynamic and metabolic profiles of corwin and dobutamine are similar, and both drugs should be of special value in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Since corwin can be given orally and has a longer duration of action, it is potentially useful in the long-term treatment of heart failure.

Administration, Oral↗