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Biomedical subjects

H V Peeke

Publications and source records attributed to H V Peeke.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of alcohol, congeners, and acetaldehyde on aggressive behavior of the convict cichlid.

Ethanol and three beverage alcohols were examined for their effects on the aggressive responses of the convict cichlid. At an ethanol concentration that gave negligible effects on the basal level of these responses, rum was observed to depress aggression. As its concentration of acetaldehyde was significantly higher than that of the other beverage alcohols, we assessed the effects of acetaldehyde on the aggressive responses, as well as the locomotor activity of the fish. At 4 mg/l, acetaldehyde completely inhibited aggressive responses, without affecting locomotor activity. It is likely, however, that acetaldehyde does not explain the entire inhibitory effect of rum on the aggressive responses of the cichlid.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1981

Modulation of aggressive behavior in fish by alcohol and congeners.

Studies of alcohol and congener effects on the aggressive behavior of fish have been reviewed. It is clear that alcohol has both depressing effects at very low and very high doses and a facilitating effect at moderate doses. Congener effects as they are present in bourbon and in rum appear to have aggression-inhibiting effects. A study of the most prevalent congener in rum and some bourbons, acetaldehyde, demonstrated that it is psychoactive and has a depressing effect on aggressive behavior at doses that do not cause locomotor decrements.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1980

Muscle biofeedback and transcendental meditation. A controlled evaluation of efficacy in the treatment of chronic anxiety.

Recent articles have suggested that muscle biofeedback and transcendental meditation may be useful in treating chronic anxiety. To assess this, we conducted a controlled study comparing muscle biofeedback, transcendental mediation, and relaxation therapy. The study consisted of a six-week baseline period, six weeks of treatment, a six-week posttreatment observation period, and later follow-up. Thirty-one subjects completed the first part of the study and have been followed up for three to 18 months. Forty percent of the subjects had a clinically significant decrease in their anxiety. There were no differences between treatments with respect to treatment efficacy, onset of symptom amelioration, or maintenance of therapeutic gains. We found no evidence suggesting that the degree of muscle relaxation induced by any of the treatments is related to the therapeutic outcome. Relaxation therapies as a sole treatment appear to have a limited place in the treatment of chronic anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Morphine withdrawal induced behavior in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

The effects of morphine withdrawal on a number of behaviors was assessed using a design varying sex, amount of morphine implanted, degree of dependence at the time of testing and amount of morphine antagonist injected. Increases in two types of agonistic behavior were seen and may be related to the aversive interoceptive stimuli associated with withdrawal. Furthermore, correlations for males were found between agonistic behavior and activity, wet shakes, digging and vocalization. Agonistic behavior was correlated only with activity in females.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Motivational variables and the sensitization and habituation of aggression in the convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum).

Four experiments using territorial Convict Cichlids investigated motivational factors involved in the incremental and decremental processes associated with aggression resulting from exposure to conspecifics intruded into the territory. The first three experiments varied some single aspect of the experimental situation (temperature, distance from the nest or size of the intruder). The fourth experiment combined those factors which resulted in faster habituation (small intruder, far from the nest, in cool water) and compared the response to factors which resulted in slower habituation or an increase in response rate (large intruder, close to the nest in warm water). While a combination of higher intensity stimuli did result in slower habituation than the combination of lower intensity stimuli, response rate was not a simple algebraic summation of the factors. Results are discussed in relation to multi-factor theory of habituation and the nature of "drive".

Aggression↗
PubMed1976

Response independent habituation of territorial aggression in the three-spined stickleback (gasterosteus aculeatus).

Territorial sticklebacks were habituated to a male conspecific confined to a clear glass tube in a two stage experiment. In the first stage, one group was allowed complete access to a stimulus tube containing a live, male conspecific and the number of bites directed at the stimulus was recorded. A second group was prevented from biting at the stimulus fish by placing a glass barrier between the territorial resident and stimulus tube. A third group was treated the same as the second but without a stimulus fish present. During the second stage of the experiment, which followed a 15 min rest, all groups were allowed access to the stimulus tube and confined conspecific. A typical habituation curve resulted across both sessions for the first group. The second group, which was characterized by very infrequent attempts to bite during state 1, showed behavior during stage 2 identical to that of group 1. During the second stage, the third group demonstrated typical initial habituation behavior (parallel to that of group 1 during the first stage). These results are interpreted as evidence that habituation proceeds as a function of exposure to a stimulus and is independent of whether or not a response is made.

Aggression↗