Change in several calvariofacial distances and angles during the decade of childhood following age 5 years.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H V Meredith.
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Tanner and Cameron (1980) recently reported analyses of velocity data on London children for standing height, body weight, arm girth, calf girth, and two measures of skinfold thickness. Their purpose was to determine whether in mid-childhood (some time between ages six and nine years) these variables underwent slight "acceleration and deceleration." The present report supplements this with velocity findings on Iowa City children for standing height, body weight, chest girth, arm girth, calf girth, and hip width. The London study showed no evidence of a mid-childhood spurt in standing height of girls, and clear evidence of a mid-childhood spurt in calf girth of boys. The Iowa City measures confirm the finding for standing height, but not that for calf girth. Other instances of agreement and discrepancy regarding a mid-childhood spurt are discussed, and additional relevant findings presented. The author joins Tanner and Cameron (1980) in recognizing the difficulties of reducing measurement and statistical error sufficiently to accept or reject the occurrence of mid-childhood somatic spurts.
Data for this study were seriatim measures of stature on United States youths of North European ancestry. They were gathered between 1925 and 1932 in Massachusetts and between 1950 and 1957 in Iowa. Statistics from size and velocity analyses for each period were obtained and compared. At age 10 years, mean stature of the 1950-1957 youths exceeded that of the 1925-1932 youths by more than 5.0 cm. It was deduced that less than 2.0 cm of this amount arose from a difference in socioeconomic composition of the samples, and upwards of 3.0 cm from secular increase. In both periods, annual velocity means increased between ages 9 years and 12 years for females and between 11 years and 14 years for males. These increases were greater from the velocity data for 1950-1957 than for 1925-1932. No predictive relationship was found between stature at a pre-adolescent age and early occurrence of adolescent peak velocity for stature.