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Biomedical subjects

H V Jordaan

Publications and source records attributed to H V Jordaan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Growth of the fetal biparietal diameter in urban Cape coloured families.

Ultrasonic measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD) between the 12th week of menstrual age (MA) and delivery were taken longitudinally on a group of 98 Cape Coloured employees of Groote Schuur Hospital. The socio-economic situation of subjects was above average for the community; this was reflected in their larger body size and the increased birth weight of observed fetuses. A growth chart showing MA as a function of BPD has been constructed for clinical use. This chart can be regarded as representing a 'norm' closer to the ideal than to the average in the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cardiac size during prenatal development.

In this study, the cardiac circumference as measured in a four-chamber view was analyzed to determine its relationship to three linear, sonar measurements--biparietal diameter, femoral length, and abdominal circumference--and two sonographically derived fetal parameters--gestational age and estimated fetal weight. The results showed that the cardiac circumference correlates significantly with these direct and derived variables. It is recommended that the magnitude of the cardiac circumference as a function of any or all of these variables be used as an index of organ size when assessing fetuses at risk for anomalous cardiac development.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Fetal foot length.

Data on fetal weight (FW) and two foot measurements, heel-toe length (HTL) and the distance between the heel and the point of maximal convexity of the metatarsophalangeal crease (HML), are analysed. Analysis shows that the regression of FW on each of the foot measurements is curvilinear, that there is strong correlation between the variables, and that HML is a better guide to FW than HTL. Simple formulas are presented for calculating FW from foot measurements. A comparison of the regression of HTL on FW in present-day fetuses and those in Streeter's study (1920) shows that despite a significant secular trend for birth weight to rise, the HTL/FW relationship is essentially unchanged.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. III. Association of meconium with abnormal fetal heart rate patterns.

Fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings of 284 fetuses with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and 1,672 fetuses without meconium staining were compared to investigate the significance of meconium associated with normal and abnormal FHR patterns. MSAF was found to be associated with significantly more low 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores and higher neonatal mortality rates than the control group without meconium. An increase in abnormal FHR patterns in the MSAF group over the control group as well as the postpartum sequelae of meconium itself was likely responsible for the unfavorable outcome. It is concluded that the presence of meconium should be viewed as a warning sign of fetal distress which warrants close intrapartum observation of the patient.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Prenatal determination of fetal brain and somatic weight by ultrasound.

A new method of determining fetal weight in utero is presented. Because it is based on multiple ultrasound measurements which encompass population and individual variations in fetal anthropometry, the method should be applicable to fetuses drawn from different populations. The components of fetal weight are separated into two variables, brain weight and somatic weight, which are independently determined. Their sum provides good estimates of total fetal weight in normal cases as well as those with asymmetrical growth retardation (Sy = 83 gm). The method generates the data required for interpreting fetal weight estimates in terms of any alteration in the brain:somatic weight relationship. It, therefore, yields quantitative information on the severity of asymmetrical IUGR.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Simplified method of determining fetal brain weight in utero.

Analysis of autopsy data shows that, from the 26th through the 38th gestational weeks, fetal brain weight (BrW) is a function of the 3.124 power of the largest head circumference (HC). Because there is excellent correlation between prenatal ultrasound measurement and postnatal tape measurement of the HC, it is possible to determine fetal BrW in utero. An alteration of the BrW:somatic weight (SW) relationship is an important physical stigma of asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The value of longitudinal studies of fetal BrW and SW as a means of discriminating between normal and asymmetric growth is tested in a population at risk for IUGR.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1979

Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. I. Classification and prognosis of fetal heart rate patterns.

A total of 1,996 direct fetal heart rate (FHR) tracings in labor were analyzed using the first and last 30 minutes of monitoring in order to evaluate individual FHR characteristics as to their ability to predict the fetal status. Comparisons were made between individual FHR characteristics occurring alone ("uncomplicated") and those occurring in association with others ("complicated") in predicting fetal status as judged by 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores. These comparisons were made separately for the first 30 minutes and the last 30 minutes of monitoring.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1979

II. Multifactorial analysis of intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings.

The first 30 minutes and the last 30 minutes of 1,996 intrapartum FHR tracings were analyzed for baseline FHR, variability (amplitude and frequency of oscillations), accelerations, and decelerations. A modified FHR scoring system incorporating these FHR features was employed. According to the association between various FHR scores and the incidence of low Apgar scores, FHR patterns were grouped into three basic categories with distinct prognostic significance: (1) normal FHR patterns, (2) compensated distress patterns, and (3) decompensated distress patterns. It is concluded that the prognostic significance of FHR tracings is increased by incorporating several FHR monitoring criteria in the analysis.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1979

Sudden collapse and death of women obtaining abortions induced with prostaglandin F2alpha.

Two recent cases of sudden collapse and eventual death of the woman after induction of abortion with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) have been reported to the Center for Disease Control as part of the epidemiologic surveillance of deaths due to abortion. We present these cases in order to document this event associated with the use of PGF2alpha. The etiology of the sudden collapse is still unknown. Nonetheless, the deaths of these two healthy young women undergoing induced abortions with PGF2alpha should heighten clinicians' awareness of some possible risks associated with these new abortifacients.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1978

Biological variation in the biparietal diameter and its bearing on clinical ultrasonography.

Interpopulation differences in the term BPD and its relations to BW stress the need for each institution to analyze its own data. Variations in the BPD as a function of BW do not connote differences in the brain: body weight relationship, because the neurocrania of all term fetuses are not homomorphic. Differentiation of neurocranial form accounts for there being no consistent relationship between the BPD and calculated brain weight in interpopulation comparisons. The wide scatter of BPD and BW values in data from a single source challenges the wisdom of judging individual serial BPD readings by mean population values. Because the correlation between BW and the common indices of maternal size (stature, weight, and surface area) is too low (r = 0.27, 0.27, and 0.35, respectively) to provide a useful means of determining the fetal growth potential, each fetus should be used as its own control in serial cephalometry.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

A new method of evaluating fetal growth.

When fetal brain weight (BrW) is expressed as a modified exponential function of total body weight (BW), there is close agreement (p = 0.9841) between measured and calculated values (Sy = 6.16 g). Fetal BrW in utero can be determined from the neurocranial cross-sectional area (CSA) of the fronto-parieto-occipital plane. The standard error of the estimate is Sy = 8.03 g. The estimation of BW from the abdominal circumference and BrW from the CSA is the basis of two indexes which reflect the BrW:BW relationship. By definition, the brain size index (BSI) is 100 in the normally growing fetus. In a given case, a value greater than 100 denotes the amount by which measured BrW exceeds the BrW which is appropriately for a normal fetus of the same BW. The somatic retardation index (SRI) expresses as a percentage the amount by which total fetal weight lags behind normal ponderal growth in cases of IUGR. The indexes provide quantitative data on relative brain and body weights and serve as a ratio scale of the severity of the pathology in IUGR.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1978

HCG.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1976

Neonatal and maternal cranial form.

The mean cephalic index (CI) in the normally grown full-term neonate is in the lower eighties. Because intra-uterine growth retardation causes a greater proportionate reduction in the biparietal than in the occipitofrontal diameter, the resultant CI is significantly lower (P less than 0,01) than in neonates who have grown normally. There is no significant correlation between maternal and neonatal cranial form as judged by the CI. In man, hereditary factors operate in the long period of postnatal growth and differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The differential enlargement of the neurocranium in the full-term fetus.

There is a wide range of variation in the cephalic index in the full-term fetus. The index rises as birth weight increases. The correlation between birth weight and the cephalic index is significant (r = 0,65) at the 0,05 level. Increasing neurocranial size is associated with differential growth of the dimensions which determine endocranial capacity. A higher cephalic index is achieved by a disproportionately large increase in the biparietal diameter relative to the occipitofrontal dimension. This results in a more globular neurocranial form.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

Fetal biparietal diameter and birth weight. An interpopulation comparison.

Data on the biparietal diameter (BPD), determined ultrasonically, of the full-term South African Negroid fetus are presented. Population differences in the absolute value of the BPD and the linear regression of birth weight on the biparietal dimension are emphasised. The possible biological explanations for these differences are discussed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1976

The differential development of the hominid pelvis.

The peculiarly shaped hominid pelvis represents the total response to the diverse forces which have moulded its structure, these being requirements for efficient bipedalism and parturition. In some respects the structural requirements of these unrelated functions have been in conflict. In these instances the morphological response to the dominant requirement, viz. bipedalism, is clearly discernible, while the changes subserving the needs of parturition are seen as compensatory modifications, the greater emphasis of which is responsible, in part, for pelvic sexual dimorphism in the female. Total pelvic architecture is thus a mosaic constituted by the aggregate of differential responses to different functional goals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Newborn: adult brain ratios in hominid evolution.

The ratio of newborn to adult brain size varies widely in primates. These variations provide an index of the different degrees of postnatal brain growth in the different members of the primate order. The uniquely low figure for Homo sapiens indicates a greater degree of postnatal brain growth and therefore postnatal dependence and also a greater need and opportunity for social organisation. An attempt is made to determine the newborn adult brain ratio in a proto-human population, Australopithecus africanus. Two possible causes of the reduction of the ratio in hominid evolution are discussed. The first is the limiting confines of the maternal pelvis adapted primarily for orthograde progression rather than parturition. The second concerns the resultant of a set of three paired variables between the members of each pair of which there exists an allometric relationship. These are the relation between brain and body size in the adult, feto-maternal weight allometry and the relation between newborn brain-size and birth weight.

Adult↗