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H Ushijima

Publications and source records attributed to H Ushijima.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Novel PCR methods for detection of HIV proviruses using digoxigenin labelled probes--filter paper method].

We have reported novel methods for screening of HIV by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digoxigenin labelled probes. Here we developed a filter paper method for samples from long distances. About 50 microliters of peripheral bloods were absorbed in filters (5 mm diameter), dried, heated, then stored for 1 month at room temperature before PCR. This method was proved to be sufficient for detection of HIV proviruses from clinical samples.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1991

[Bacteriostatic activity of bovine colostrum].

Succeeding the previous report on antivirus activity of non immunized bovine colostrum immunoglobulin, we studied the bacteriostatic activity of the immunoglobulin, lactoferrin and lactoferrin Fe by using the automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing system. We have presented the representative positive and negative reactions. Then, we have reported that the immunoglobulin was effective in 10 of a total of 20 species which we examined. In some species, the lactoferrin was slightly more effective than the immunoglobulin was. These results indicated that the immunoglobulin, lactoferrin and lactoferrin Fe were useful for the bacteriostatic reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Tachyphylaxis to the inhibitory effect of manganese on potassium-induced contractions in the isolated vas deferens of the guinea pig.

In the isolated vas deferens of the guinea pig, the inhibitory effects of manganese (Mn2+) on the contractions induced by potassium (K+) were decreased when the contractions were induced repeatedly in the presence of Mn2+. This phenomenon appeared to be tachyphylaxis to the inhibitory effects of Mn2+. After the repetitive application of K+ with Mn2+, the phasic component of K(+)-induced contraction was restored, while the tonic component of this contraction and resting tone were augmented by the deprivation of extracellular Mn2+. When Mn2+ was applied during the tonic component of the K(+)-induced contraction, the phasic component of the next contraction induced by K+ in the absence of Mn2+ was slightly inhibited and the tonic component of the contraction was potentiated. When extracellular calcium concentration was increased, the inhibitory effect of Mn2+ on K(+)-induced contractions was reduced, while the tachyphylaxis to Mn2+ also appeared. Under this condition, the resting tone was markedly increased when the K(+)-induced contraction was repeated in the presence of Mn2+. In the calcium-free medium containing Mn2+, although K+ caused slow and monophasic contractions, the magnitude of the contractions was much smaller than that of the contractions induced in the normal medium containing Mn2+. These results suggest that the tachyphylaxis was not produced by the decrement of the inhibitory effects of Mn2+ on the contractions but by the augmenting effects of intracellularly accumulated Mn2+ and that these augmenting effects of Mn2+ are not due to the direct action on the contractile proteins but due to the indirect action of Mn2+ which increased the availability of Ca2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of rotavirus and enterovirus infections by tea extracts.

Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea and theaflavin digallate from black tea inhibited infections of cultured rhesus monkey kidney MA 104 cells with rotaviruses and enteroviruses. Their antiviral effects were maximally induced when directly added to virus, and their pre- and post-treatment of the cells produced much weak antiviral activity. Antiviral activity of the extracts therefore seems to be attributable to interference with virus adsorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of common epitopes on gag proteins of HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV[AGM] using monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1.

Five monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to gag proteins of HIV-1 were prepared in mice. Western blot analyses showed that three clones recognized p24 and the other two p17. Among the three MoAbs recognizing p24, all recognized two of three strains of HIV-2. The spectra of reactions to SIV[AGM] of these MoAbs against p24 were different from one to another; K3-24 recognized all four strains of SIV[AGM], L6-24 three of them, and K5-24 none of them. Of the two MoAbs recognizing p17, K7-17 recognized two of the three strains of HIV-2 but not any SIV[AGM] strain, and the other clone, L14-17 recognized none of analogous proteins of HIV-2 nor of SIV[AGM]. These results demonstrate that the gag proteins of HIV-2 and SIV[AGM] share some common epitopes with those of HIV-1 which are heterogenic in some degree among the different isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of pseudosinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern associated with abruption placentae].

From retrospective studies of fetal heart rate records on abruption placentae, six cases with the pseudosinusoidal FHR pattern (pseudosinusoidal pattern) are reported. The pseudosinusoidal pattern has the following characteristics: 1) oscillation frequency synchronized with the frequency of uterine contractions, 2) an amplitude of 19bpm or more, which is positively correlated with the area of placental separation, 3) uniform frequency and amplitude, 4) a frequency of 1.3 cycles/min or less, which is clearly different from the true sinusoidal pattern. It seems that this characteristic pseudosinusoidal pattern appeared with decreased fetoplacental blood flow, which was initiated by abruption placentae and superimposed by uterine contractions. Since this pattern indicates progressive fetal jeopardy, an emergency delivery should be performed for intact survival.

Abruptio Placentae↗
PubMed1991

Antibodies against defined carbohydrate structures of Candida albicans protect H9 cells against infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 in vitro.

In this study we raised antibodies against Candida albicans mannans of serotype A and B which comprise mannose alpha(1----2)-and mannose alpha(1----3)-linked residues. These antibodies inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type IIIB (HIV-IIIB) infection of H9 cells in vitro; 5 micrograms/ml of antibodies against mannan from serotype A and 10 micrograms/ml of antibodies against serotype B mannan were sufficient to inhibit infection by almost 100 and 85%, respectively, after an incubation period of 4 days. During a prolonged incubation period (8-12 days), the amount of HIV particles (as measured by reverse transcriptase activity in the culture medium) increased again in assays with antibodies raised against serotype B, but only little in assays containing antibodies against serotype A. Applying the Western blotting technique and a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system it was established that the antibodies reacted with the gp120 of HIV-1 exclusively. Immunofluorescence inspection using a confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that the gp120 protein is exposed on the outer surface of H9 cells where it is recognized by the anti-mannan antibodies. These results indicate that mannan residues of C. albicans can serve as antigens to raise neutralizing antibodies against HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of second-look operation (SLO) for primary ovarian cancer].

The results of second-look operation (SLO) were reviewed in 25 patients with primary ovarian carcinoma and following results were obtained. There were 21 patients in whom SLO was performed to examine whether tumors were present or not. There were 17 patients with negative SLO and remaining four patients were positive SLO. There was a higher tendency for positive SLO with patients of stage III.IV, serous cystoadenocarcinoma, and initial incomplete surgery. It is recommended that SLO is done for the patients with above characteristics. However, there were no cases of positive SLO among patients of stage Ia, so it is suggested that it is not necessary to do SLO. Five years and three years survival of negative SLO were 46% and 68%, respectively and those of positive SLO were 50% and 50%, respectively. Patients with negative SLO were better prognosis than those with positive SLO until four years after SLO. Eight out of 17 patients with negative SLO were recurred. Therefore, some maintenance treatments after negative SLO are needed for attaining further reduction of recurrence, especially patients for serous histology, low grade differentiation, initial incomplete pelvic surgery and stage III.IV. Two out of four patients with positive SLO are alive. Patients with initial complete pelvic surgery and microscopic lesion at SLO tended to be better prognosis. There were four patients in whom tumor debulking was attempted at SLO due to tumor presence after multimodality approach. All patients were eventually recurred and died of disease. However, two patient survived for 44 and 52 months after SLO. It was suggested to be effective for prolongation of life by debulking tumors at SLO.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Removal of HIV antigens and HIV-infected cells in vitro using immunomagnetic beads.

Human anti-HIV antibody-coated magnetic beads and magnetic particle concentrators were used to eliminate HIV antigens and the infected cells in vitro. Fifty micrograms/ml of the antibody coated on 30 mg/ml of tosyl-activated beads, and 10 min of reaction time between the antigens and the immunobeads were sufficient to eliminate the virus antigens from phosphate buffered saline, serum and peripheral blood. HIV-infected cells were eliminated in vitro, but not completely. This method will be useful in eliminating viral antigens and infected cells from clinical material such as blood and blood products.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1990

Shorter size of transmembrane glycoprotein of an HIV-1 isolate.

An HIV-1 strain carrying a shorter form of the transmembrane glycoprotein (TM) with a mobility of 32 kD, named KB-1, was isolated from a Japanese male hemophiliac by coculture of his peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with MT-2 cells and adaption to TALL-1 cells. Another HIV-1 strain, named KB-2, was isolated from his seropositive spouse by coculture of her PBMCs with MT-2 cells. The KB-2 strain carried a TM of ordinary size, with a mobility of 41 kD. The KB-1 strain carrying a truncated form of the TM could replicate in MT-2, MT-4, TALL-1 and MOLT-4 cells. The KB-1 strain is a useful HIV-1 isolate for investigating the function of the cytoplasmic domain of the TM and the significance of the presence of an in-frame stop codon in HIV env gene.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1990

Inhibitory effect of novel 1-deoxynojirimycin derivatives on HIV-1 replication.

The effect of 11 derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNM) on the replication of HIV-1 was studied. Compared with DNM, seven of them showed remarkable inhibition of HIV-1-induced syncytium formation at significantly low concentrations which were not cytotoxic. Two derivatives were found to markedly reduce the infectious virus yields from cell lines chronically infected with HIV. Analysis of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins showed that the derivatives induced modification of the processing of not only gp120/160 but also the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. The modification of the processing of the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 might play an important role in the inhibition of virus replication at a step after the binding of gp120 to CD4. The enhanced anti-HIV activity of DNM derivatives reported here could increase the possibility of non-toxic therapeutic intervention in HIV infections.

1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
PubMed1990

[Immunoglobulin components and anti-viral activities in bovine colostrum].

Bovine colostrum whey and immunoglobulins were prepared. Their characteristics and anti-viral activities were studied:IgG, IgA and IgM were found in bovine colostrum. Most IgG was polymerized. Although neutralization activities against bovine, simian and human rotaviruses existed, anti-human adenovirus antibody was not found. Effects on prophylaxis and treatment for rotavirus gastroenteritis were expected.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine prevents induction of murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in C57BL/10 mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia viruses, a possible animal model for antiretroviral drug screening.

Adult C57BL/10 mice (H-2b Fv-1b) inoculated with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus develop a disease which has many features in common with human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in particular abnormal lymphoproliferation and severe immunodeficiency. In the present study, we examined the possibility that this murine AIDS (MAIDS) model would be useful for evaluating antiretrovirus drugs in vivo through the use of a well-defined antiretrovirus drug, the reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor (H. Mitsuya, K.J. Weinhold, P.A. Furman, M.H. St. Claire, S. Nusinoff-Lehrman, R.C. Gallo, D. Bolognesi, D.W. Barry, and S. Broder, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:7096-7100, 1985) 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). We evaluated the effect of AZT treatment on de novo virus infection as well as on the induction of immunodeficiency by various parameters, including RT activity in serum, splenomegaly, proliferative responses against alloantigens and mitogens, soluble-antigen-presenting cell activity, and immunoglobulin G levels in serum. Our results demonstrated that AZT treatment of C57BL/10 mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus efficiently prevented the induction of immunodeficiency if started at the time of virus inoculation. Starting AZT treatment 1 week later provided only a partial protective effect. Starting AZT treatment 2 weeks later was associated with suppression of RT activity in serum but no prevention of immunosuppression. This MAIDS model may allow rapid and cost-effective screening for antiretrovirus drugs targeted against retroviral functions shared between human AIDS and MAIDS, such as those encoded by gag, pol, or env.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Detection of serum antibody by the antimitogen assay against streptococcal erythrogenic toxins. Age distribution in children and the relation to Kawasaki disease.

We describe a new method to measure human serum antibody against streptococcal erythrogenic toxins that uses inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenicity of the toxins as the indicator. Sera from 53% of 53 Kawasaki disease patients contained specific inhibitory activity against A toxin, whereas only 15% had serum inhibitory activity against B toxin. The specific anti-A toxin serum inhibitor was found in 10% of 118 age-matched control patients suffering from various infections and allergic diseases (p = 0.001, compared to Kawasaki disease patients). Serum inhibitory activity was detected in a small number of patients with beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection (3/19) and in none of the age-matched healthy children (0/17). However, four of seven cord blood sera samples and five of 13 sera samples from healthy neonates contained the inhibitor, a result suggesting passive transfer from mothers. Most of the antimitogen-positive sera were also positive by ELISA of IgG antibody against A toxin, and IgG fractions of the positive sera remained positive in both assays. Thus, it is possible that the specific serum inhibitor detected by the antimitogen assay represents anti-A toxin antibody. The role of toxin-producing bacteria in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease remains to be investigated.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Morphology and proportion of inner cell mass of bovine blastocysts fertilized in vitro and in vivo.

The morphology and proportion of inner cell mass (ICM) of bovine blastocysts cultured in vitro or in vivo in rabbit oviducts after in-vitro fertilization of in-vitro matured follicular oocytes were compared with those of blastocysts fertilized in vivo by a differential fluorochrome staining technique. The delineation of each ICM cell was improved by the transfer of embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization to a rabbit oviduct although the cell-cell contacts of ICM cells were not as tight as those from in-vivo fertilization. The proportions (15.8 and 14.9%) of ICM in blastocysts cultured in vitro at early and expanded stages were significantly lower than those cultured in rabbit oviducts after in-vitro fertilization and fertilized in vivo. These results show that the transfer of bovine embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization to the rabbit oviduct increased the proliferation of ICM cells to the level of embryos fertilized in vivo although the cell-cell contact of ICM cell is not improved by the process.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, hepatitis B virus, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus and Chlamydia in Tonga and western Samoa.

Among the populations of Tonga and Western Samoa, serum antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus or hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus were not detected (0/904 and 0/192). No serum samples were considered to be positive for antibody against human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (0/527). Hepatitis B antigen and antibody were found in 4% (8/192) and 47% (90/192), respectively. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG and C. psittaci IgG antibodies were detected in 39% (75/192) and 47% (91/192), respectively. The possibilities of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus on the islands when the viruses invade from abroad were discussed.

Adolescent↗