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Biomedical subjects

H Uhl

Publications and source records attributed to H Uhl.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Parental influences on eating behavior in obese and nonobese preadolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To determine parental influences on obesity, the eating behavior of 80 obese and normal weight children (aged 8-12 years) was investigated in the laboratory. METHOD: A controlled repeated measures design was used. The mother was either present or absent while the child was eating in the laboratory. The eating style was measured by recording cumulative eating curves with a universal eating monitor, using yoghurt as a standardized experimental meal. RESULTS: The eating behavior of obese children differed significantly from normal weight children only when the mother was present in the laboratory. Overweight children ate faster with larger bites and showed an acceleration of their eating rate toward the end of the meal. DISCUSSION: Such an eating style can be hypothesized to explain an increased calorie intake in obese children, promoting a positive energy balance in the long term. The data support a learning model of obesity in childhood, which also has implications for family treatment.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2001

Parental influences on laboratory eating behavior in obese and non-obese children.

OBJECTIVE: To determine parental influence on obesity, eating behavior of 80 obese and normal weight children (aged 8-12 y) was investigated in the laboratory. DESIGN: A controlled repeated measurement design was used. The mother was either present or absent while the child was eating in the laboratory. MEASUREMENTS: The eating style was measured by recording cumulative eating curves with a universal eating monitor, using yoghurt as a standardized experimental meal. RESULTS: The eating behavior of obese children differed significantly from normal weight children only when the mother was present in the laboratory. Overweight children ate faster with larger bites and showed an acceleration of their eating rate towards the end of the meal. CONCLUSION: Such an eating style can be hypothesized to explain an increased calorie intake in obese children, promoting a positive energy balance in the long-term. The data support a learning model of obesity in childhood, which also has implications for family treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1999

[Early results of treating pituitary adenomas by means of transcranial and trans-phenoidal approach].

Among the methods of the surgical approach to the pituitary tumours, transsphenoidal (TS) route replaced transcranial (TC) route in the majority of patients. The authors present the development of the surgical treatment of pituitary tumours, and present the early results of treatment by means of both methods of surgery based on the experience of the Department of Neurosurgery in Kraków. Consecutive 45 cases of pituitary adenomas treated by means of TC route (1989-1998)--I group, were compared to 57 cases operated on by means of TS approach (1996-1999)--II group. The other tumours and re-operated patients were excluded from the study. The following factors were compared: the size of treated tumours, the radicality of tumour excision (subtotal, partial), the presence of the massive hypothalamic dysfunction, the presence of diabetes insipidus, changes in visual field, early results of treatment (good, bad, surgical deaths). Using transsphenoidal approach significantly more tumours were removed subtotally (except of large tumours), massive hypothalamic dysfunction was eliminated, surgical deaths were reduced, and the chance for the improvement of the visual field increased. In the last years more patients with small tumours were treated, and less with medium-sized. Percent of patients with large tumours remains unchanged. The prospective study should be performed to define the proper planning of surgical treatment of large and giant tumours, including two-stages procedures.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1998

Resting metabolic rate in preadolescent girls at high risk of obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether children at high risk of obesity have a reduced resting metabolic rate (RMR). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: 93 healthy girls (age: 8-12 y) were allocated to one of four groups, according to the subjects' and their parents' weight status: group 1, overweight children with both parents overweight (OB/OB2; n = 17); group 2, normal weight children with both parents overweight (N/OB2; n = 28); group 3, overweight children of discordant parents (OB/OB1; n = 21) and group 4, normal weight children with both parents normal weight (N/OB0; n = 27). MEASUREMENTS: Weight, height, fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), RMR (indirect calorimetry) for the duration of 25 min. RESULTS: Controlling for disparities in body composition, age and physical maturity, significant differences were found in adjusted group means of RMR (OB/OB2 1181 kcal/d; N/OB2 1276 kcal/d; OB/OB1 1234 kcal/d; N/OB0 1199 kcal/d; P < 0.02) with the OB/OB2 girls showing the lowest energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: We found evidence that preadolescent girls at risk of obesity, are not generally predisposed to a higher body weight, because of a greater metabolic efficiency. In fact, our data show that more emphasis should be laid on defining different subgroups of both overweight and normal weight subjects in studies investigating metabolic rate.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of acoustic neurinomas].

The authors present methods of diagnosis and results of surgical treatment of 210 acoustic neurinomas. Almost all patients suffered from large (21.4%) and very large (76.2%) tumours. Results of treatment were assessed depending on the method of surgery (classical and microsurgical), the size of tumour and the method of tumour removal (total or partial). Total tumour removal was achieved in 84.1% of patients operated on by means of microtechnique, and in 72.6% treated with classical method. Very good surgical results were observed in 52.4% and 38.3%, respectively. Difficulties and risk factors in surgery of large acoustic neurinomas were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Recovery of hypoglycaemia-associated compromised cerebral function after a short interval of euglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

To test the hypothesis that compromised cerebral function, induced by recurrent hypoglycaemic episodes, may recover after a short interval of euglycaemia, we examined electrophysiological activity and symptom awareness during two sequential euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic clamp studies in 11 insulin-dependent diabetic patients without any signs of peripheral or autonomic neuropathy. Neurophysiological testing and evaluation of hypoglycaemic symptoms were performed at stable glycaemic plateaus of 5.6, 3.3, 2.2, and 1.7 mmol/l. The first clamp study was preceded by 3 short-term hypoglycaemic episodes, whereas the second clamp study followed a 2 day interval of strict euglycaemia. The latter caused a recovery of electrophysiological activity, which was demonstrated by recovery of delays of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials (latency shift of the P(a) component, MANOVA, P < 0.01). Reversal of hypoglycaemic symptom unawareness involved the overall symptom perception (MANOVA, P < 0.04), as well as the autonomic symptoms of heart pounding (P < 0.05) and sweating (P < 0.05). We conclude that the previously reported impaired cerebral function, occurring as a consequence of repetitive hypoglycaemic episodes, may recover after a single euglycaemic interval.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

[Flash-evoked visual potentials in the early diagnosis of optic nerve injury due to craniofacial fractures].

Impairment or loss of vision due to optic nerve injury occurs in about 10% of patients with cranio-facial fractures. The assessment of optic nerve function is important for decisions regarding optic nerve decompression. But examination of vision and pupillary reflexes may be difficult, especially in uncooperative patients with reduced consciousness and primary disturbances of pupillary functions. In these cases, optic nerve function can be monitored by means of flash-evoked visual potentials elicited by use of a LED-goggle stimulator. VEPs were recorded in ten patients with head injuries comprising cranio-facial fractures and cerebral concussion with prolonged alteration of consciousness. Recordings were obtained in the acute phase upon admission. Visual acuity and visual fields were examined after regaining consciousness and the clinical findings correlated to the initial VEPs. Upon clinical examinations, four patients with initially normal VEPs had normal vision on both eyes. One patient initially revealed unilateral reduction of the VEP-amplitude of more than 50% and clinically showed a concentric visual field defect. Three patients with unilateral loss of potentials were amaurotic on this side. Perception of light was preserved in one patient in whom VEPs were absent. One patient with bilateral loss of potentials was blind when consciousness was regained. In general, pupillary light reflexes tested at admission corresponded to the VEP-findings. In two cases, however, pupillary reactivity was lost, but VEPs were still present. These patients had normal vision, but exhibited a lesion of the efferent pathways of pupillary reflexes. In two other patients, examination of pupillary reactivity could not be performed due to extreme edema of the eyelids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Psychological consultation at dialysis centers].

Patients and staff of a dialysis unit are confronted with many burdens and problems of interaction due to anxiety of the patients and insufficiently medico-psychological competence of the dialysis staff. The psychological interventional possibilities are discussed by own experiences.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

[Computerized tomography in thoracic trauma].

Chest CT scans were obtained in 86 patients suffering from serious blunt or penetrating chest trauma. The finding of mediastinal widening was by far the most common CT indication. CT proved to be a more sensitive method for detection of parenchymal lung lesions and occult pneumothorax than bedside radiographs. CT contributed substantially in differentiation of lung abscess and empyema, exclusion of mediastinal pathology and spinal injuries. Aortography is still indicated, even when CT findings are normal if aortic laceration is clinically suspected. Despite all of the technical problems combined with CT examinations in the critically ill patient, we consider CT a valuable diagnostic tool for certain problems in the traumatized patient.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1986

The fundamental role of the hospital in continuing medical education.

At the turn of the century the concept of lifelong learning as an essential activity of the practicing physician was new to the medical profession. Osler and his contemporaries, who considered the hospital the ideal location for medical education, laid a foundation that assured its growth to maturity and permanency. Over the decades, postgraduate or continuing medical education has become a major activity of medical schools, their teaching hospitals and the whole spectrum of medical societies, from national to local. The emergence of economic crisis and corporate medical care may threaten the structure that evolved since World War I. But the need for continuing medical education remains, and educators will find ways to link it to hospitals and to apply the undoubted potential of computer technology. Osler's concept is still valid.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1985

[Lung metastases--limitations and possibilities of radiologic diagnosis].

The different sensitivities of chest radiograph, full-lung tomography and computed tomography (CT) are determining factors in the diagnosis of pulmonary metastases. Pathogenesis and pathologic-anatomical morphology explain the radiological findings. Knowledge of spontaneous or therapy-induced changes and "sterilized" metastases is important for follow-up studies. The precise densitometry in CT improves the assessment of degree of a pulmonary disk-shaped lesion. Histological diagnosis may be obtained by fluoroscopically guided percutaneous thin-needle biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The fructose induced "glycogenosis". I. Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of rat hepatocytes 7 days after fructose overload (author's transl)].

INTRODUCTION: Infusion of fructose has been shown to stimulate the SER and to reduce the RER in rat liver cells. After feeding fructose of 7 days a glycogenosis of unknown pathogenesis occurs, which was analysed morphometrically. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60% fructose in water, was given as drinking water to animals deprived of other food. Controls had free access to Altromin-R-standard diet and drinking water. Liver tissue was analysed morphometrically according to the methods described by Weibel. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Rat hepatocytes accumulate a material with histochemical properties of glycogen. The enlargement of hepatic nuclei is probably due to a pathological edema. The SER is decreased suggesting a drop of glycogen catabolizing enzymes. The drastic reduction of the RER and the non-membrane bound ribosomes are signs of inpeeded protein synthesis. According to this, the peroxisomes, which arise from the RER, are decreased in volume and number. The hepatocellular chondrioma is transformed morphometrically in a smaller number of larger, pleomorphic and cup-shaped mitochondria. The ATP level drops while, on the other hand, the cristeal membranes increase. This might be caused by a negative feed back mechanism. The hepatocellular cytoarchitecture described is similar to the one found in glycogenosis type I and in the cerebrohepato-renal syndrom.

Animals↗