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Biomedical subjects

H Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to H Uchida.

843 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous arterial infusion therapy for severe acute pancreatitis: correlation between CT arteriography and therapeutic effect.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the relationship between the therapeutic effect of arterial infusion therapy for severe acute pancreatitis and drug distribution on CT-arteriography (CTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with severe acute pancreatitis were treated by arterial infusion with use of protease inhibitor and antibiotics. Ten patients had an inflammation of the entire pancreas, while one had pancreatitis localized to the body and tail of the pancreas. The arterial infusion drugs were infused into the celiac artery, splenic artery, inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, and common hepatic artery. The drug distributions were evaluated by CTA in 10 patients. The duration of arterial infusion ranged from 3 to 39 days. The relationship between the distribution on the CTA and the change in clinical grading of pancreatitis as evaluated by an APACHE II score was studied. RESULTS: Of the nine patients with inflammation of the entire pancreas, six showed the distribution of contrast material to the entire area of pancreatic inflammation (a good distribution) on the CTA, and the remaining three did not show the distribution of contrast material to cover the entire area of pancreatic inflammation (a poor distribution). One patient with localized pancreatitis showed a good distribution. In seven patients with a good distribution, the APACHE II score was decreased from 11.7 points to 4.3 points during follow-up. In the remaining three patients with a poor distribution, the APACHE II score was decreased from 12.3 points to nine points, but was decreased to five points after the additional interventions. One patient without CTA showed a marked improvement in the APACHE II score. No clinically important complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The present study findings suggest that arterial infusion is effective in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. A good drug distribution to the area of inflammation is needed to ensure a proper therapeutic effect.

APACHE↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age correlation of the time lag in signal change on EPI-fMRI.

PURPOSE: We measured the time lags between the start or end of tasks and signal changes in functional MRI (fMRI) for various age groups and evaluated the age correlation of the time lags. METHODS: Forty subjects, 20-76 years old, were evaluated. fMRI was performed with and echo planar imaging sequence at 0.5 s intervals. We measured the time for the signal of the precentral gyrus to make a half-maximal increase after starting the task (T-inc) and the time to reach the initial level after ceasing the task (T-dec). RESULTS: Average T-inc was 3.09 s and T-dec was 6.63 s. The values of T-inc could be correlated to age. T-dec had no age correlation. CONCLUSION: The time lag in fMRI was revealed to be prolonged with increasing age. Our results suggest that the time lag in fMRI is influenced by some factors associated with aging.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of varying types of anti-arthritic drugs on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice.

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of varying types of anti-arthritic drugs on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. To immunize mice, ovalbumin (OVA) emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant was injected s.c. at the base of the tail (day 0). Indomethacin (IND) as a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), dexamethasone (DEX) as a steroidal antiinflammatory drug, methotrexate (MTX), auranofin (AUR), and D-penicillamine (D-PA) as an anti-rheumatic drugs were orally administrated daily from days 0 to 20. On day 21, anti-OVA IgG2a and interferon (IFN)-gamma as indicators of Th1 responses and anti-OVA IgG1 and interleukin (IL)-10 as those of Th2 responses were measured. Treatments with IND, DEX, MTX and AUR were followed by decreases in OVA-specific IgG and proliferation of spleen cells to the antigen. Treatments with IND, DEX, MTX and AUR inhibited both Th1 and Th2 immune responses, although the inhibitory effects of these drugs on the antigen-specific IgG2a and IFN-gamma production appeared to be greater than those on IgG1 and IL-10 production. D-PA failed to influence anti-OVA IgG, IgG2a and IgG1 production as well as IFN-gamma and IL-10 secretion. Administrations of all the drugs used resulted in suppression of antigen (OVA)-induced arthritis in mice which was associated with inhibition of anti-OVA IgG2a but not IgG1 production. These results suggest that anti-arthritic drugs including IND, DEX, MTX and AUR appear to suppress Th1 and, to a lesser extent, Th2 immune responses, and their anti-inflammatory effects on human rheumatoid arthritis might be at least in part explained by downregulation by these drugs of Th1 responses involved in the disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immediate loading of Brånemark system implants following placement in edentulous patients: a clinical report.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate loading of Brånemark System implants following placement with a screw-retained provisional prosthesis in edentulous patients. Twelve mandibular and 5 maxillary arches were treated from December 1997, including 3 bimaxillary patients. The provisional prosthesis, made of heat-polymerizing resin, had an inner casting of cobalt-chromium alloy to provide rigidity. The implants whose placement torque was more than 40 Ncm were immediately loaded. Implants that were placed with placement torque of less than 40 Ncm or that were associated with bone grafting were submerged. Following abutment connection, temporary cylinders were incorporated into the provisional prosthesis intraorally with autopolymerizing resin. After the provisional prosthesis was completed extraorally, it was screw-retained. After a 4- to 6-month healing period, a definitive prosthesis was fabricated and placed. Of the 140 immediately loaded implants, 136 osseointegrated during an 8- to 24-month follow-up period (97.2%). All 17 submerged implants osseointegrated. The results suggest that immediate loading of Brånemark System implants at the time of placement in edentulous patients can be a valuable adjunct to therapy and as predictable as delayed loading, in both mandibular and maxillary arches.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Annexin II overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis in human gastric carcinoma.

Annexins belong to a family of the calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. They are also substrates of receptor tyrosine kinases. Overexpression of Annexin II, which has been reported in various carcinomas, is thought to be associated with cell proliferation, differentiation and cell-cell adhesion in the pathogenesis of carcinoma, but the functions of Annexins have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of Annexin II (p36) and its relationship with c-erbB-2 overexpression in gastric carcinoma. We studied Annexin II expression using Western blot analysis in 8 human gastric carcinoma cell lines and expression of Annexin II and c-erbB-2 using, immunohistochemistry in 153 primary gastric carcinomas. Western blot revealed that Annexin II was expressed in 8 human gastric carcinoma cell lines. It was more strongly expressed in the cell membrane than in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in primary gastric carcinoma tissues. Thirty-three percent of all cases were immunopositive for Annexin II, overexpression of which was more frequent in differentiated type (p = 0.0009), lymph node, metastasis (p = 0.0147) and venous invasion (p = 0.0092). Annexin II and c-erbB-2 overexpression were significantly correlated p = 0.0002) and patients with Annexin II had poorer prognoses (p = 0.0066). Multivariate analysis showed that immunopositivity of both Annexin II and c-erbB-2 was an independent and poor prognostic factor (p = 0.0037). In conclusion, Annexin II was overexpressed in advanced gastric carcinomas and it could contribute to the progression of gastric carcinoma.

Annexin A2↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR and CT of tuberous sclerosis: linear abnormalities in the cerebral white matter.

A review of MR and CT images in five patients, 8 months to 22 years old, diagnosed as having tuberous sclerosis, revealed linear abnormalities in the cerebral white matter. A linear abnormality connecting a subependymal nodule to a subcortical lesion was shown in two patients as an area of hypointensity on T1-weighted MR images and as an area of hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. These appeared as faintly high-density areas on CT images. Seventeen linear abnormalities extending from the ventricle to the cortex with a subependymal nodule or subcortical lesion on each end were visible in all five patients as areas of hyperintensity on the T2-weighted images. On the T1-weighted images, only nine hypointense lines were noted. CT scans did not show these latter lines. Linear abnormalities in cerebral white matter are suggestive of lesions of demyelination, dysmyelination, hypomyelination, or lines of migration disorder. MR imaging, especially T2-weighted, is particularly sensitive in detecting these abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improvement of T2-weighted images of central nervous system by motion artifact suppression technique (MAST).

Standard spin echo sequences of MRI with and without motion artifact suppression technique (MAST) were compared in 45 paired images of brain and 21 paired images of spine. The images were obtained on a Picker 1.5 T system with TR = 2 sec and TE = 100 or 120 msec. MAST is a method of refocusing transverse magnetization at echo time by modification of the gradient waveforms. Transverse, coronal, and sagittal planes of brain were compared in 10 paired images obtained from adults and five paired images from children. The spine was studied in sagittal images, 11 cervical images of adults, five lumbar images of adults, and five lumbar images of children. MAST was proven to be valuable not only for the detection of lesions but also for picturing anatomical details as in MR-cisternography and MR-myelography and the effects of iron ions. MAST improves significantly the quality of T2-weighted images, especially in children.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Afterloading intracavitary irradiation and expanding stent for malignant biliary obstruction.

A double lumen catheter was developed as an applicator for the remote afterloading (RALS) of 60Co source for the intracavitary irradiation of an obstructed common bile duct caused by carcinoma of the gallbladder. This was followed by the placement of nylon-covered expandable metallic stents to maintain patency. This combination effectively provided palliation.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of direct coronal CT in the diagnosis of urinary bladder tumor.

Direct coronal CT was performed on 6 cases of urinary bladder tumor in which conventional axial transverse CT failed to depict the relationship between the lesion and bladder wall. GE CT/T 8800 was used, and the bladder was scanned with patients crouched on the table opposite the gantry. The relationship between the tumor and bladder wall as well as the surrounding organs was visualized in 5 of 6 cases examined. THe CT diagnosis and histological findings coincided in 4 of these 5. Direct coronal CT was useful for diagnostic determination of clinical stage for tumors occurring in the apical or basal region of the urinary bladder.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FAST-FLAIR) of ischemic lesions in the brain: comparison with T2-weighted turbo SE.

PURPOSE: We compared fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FAST-FLAIR) images with Turbo SE T2-weighted images to evaluate the detectability of small ischemic lesions in the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six cases of multiple cerebral ischemic lesions were examined with FAST-FLAIR and Turbo SE imaging. The detectability of lesions, ability to discriminate lesions from the cortex, visualization of perivascular space, and visualization of brainstem lesions were compared between the two sequences. RESULTS: The total number of lesions detected on both sequences was 534 in 36 cases. Six lesions in three cases were detected only on FAST-FLAIR, and one lesion in one case was detected only on the Turbo SE. All the 52 lesions located close to the cortex could be discriminated from the cortex on the FAST-FLAIR images, while 23 of these lesions could not be discriminated on the Turbo SE. Perivascular spaces were not visualized as areas of high signal on the FAST-FLAIR images. Pontine lesions that were visualized in four cases were clearer on the Turbo SE images than on the FAST-FLAIR images. CONCLUSION: The FAST-FLAIR images were shown to be useful in the detection of ischemic lesions and in distinguishing them from the surrounding normal structures. The FAST-FLAIR sequence is expected to become a new additional routine sequence.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal myelination of anatomic nerve fiber bundles: MR analysis.

PURPOSE: In order to establish milestones of brain maturation by MR imaging, we examined the initiation of myelination of fiber bundles and of surrounding white matter. METHODS: The subjects included 54 healthy infants ranging in age from 35 to 145 weeks by corrected gestational age. Images were obtained on a 1.5-T MR unit. In 24 sites of 18 fiber bundles in eight cross sections obtained perpendicular to the long axis of the brain stem, we analyzed the initiation of myelination and the age at which fiber bundles become indistinguishable owing to myelination of the surrounding white matter (blurring). RESULTS: The fiber bundles were classified into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of blurring. The first group (no blurring) was further divided into group 1A, in which myelination began at 35 weeks or less, and group 1B, in which myelination began at 44 weeks or later. The second group (blurring) was divided into group 2A, in which myelination began at 35 weeks or less and blurring occurred at 43 to 49 weeks; group 2B, in which myelination started at 35 weeks or less and blurring began at 67 to 145 weeks; and group 2C, in which myelination began at 36 weeks or later and blurring occurred at 67 to 145 weeks. CONCLUSION: The time of blurring, when myelinated fiber bundles become indistinguishable from surrounding white matter owing to the initiation of myelination, is considered to be a useful parameter of brain maturation in infancy.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three-dimensional power Doppler sonography of tumor vascularity.

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical value of three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler imaging of intratumoral blood flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), one renal cell carcinoma, one hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and one iliac bone metastasis of HCC were used. Images were collected by power mode using the GE-Yokogawa LOGIQ 700. Power Doppler images were recorded on S-VHS videotape and fed into a workstation. Flow information was then extracted, and 3D images were constructed by surface rendering. RESULTS: Preparation of 3D images could be accomplished in one minute after feeding flow information into the workstation. Intratumoral vascular structure could be easily evaluated. This 3D imaging was useful for the differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors, especially HCC and FNH, which were confirmed in 3D imaging to have distinctly different intratumoral vascular structures. CONCLUSION: 3D imaging of intratumoral blood flow was possible by 3D processing of the power Doppler images. 3D power Doppler imaging is expected to be helpful for the differential diagnosis of tumors.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic screening for arterial occlusive disease in the pelvis and lower extremities.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of pulsed Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) for the screening of arterial occlusive disease in the pelvis and lower extremities. METHODS: We studied 52 patients with intermittent claudication or lower extremity "coolness." Pulsed Doppler waveforms were measured in the inguinal and popliteal regions and were classified according to their pattern. Patients with abnormal waveforms underwent subsequent CDUS evaluation from the aortic bifurcation to the popliteal arteries. All patients also underwent conventional angiography. RESULTS: All stenoses (> 50%) and occlusions on angiography were detected by PDUS. The combination of PDUS and CDUS allowed detection of 78.0% of stenotic lesions (> 50% narrowing) and 96.6% of occlusive lesions in the iliofemoral regions and in 100% of stenotic lesions (> 50% narrowing) and occlusive lesions in the femoropopliteal regions. PDUS required approximately 3 min. About more 5 min are required when CDUS was added. CONCLUSION: Combined PDUS and CDUS appears to be a rapid, highly sensitive means of screening for arterial occlusive disease in the pelvis and lower extremities.

Angiography↗