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Biomedical subjects

H Tsukagoshi

Publications and source records attributed to H Tsukagoshi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine following antigen challenges in actively sensitized guinea pigs].

Guinea pigs were actively sensitized by intraperitoneally administered ovalbumin and challenged by intravenous injections of ovalbumin. Respiratory resistance and dynamic compliance were measured by pulmonary mechanics analyzer Buxco Model 6. Changes in resistance (delta R) and compliance (delta C) induced by intravenously administered histamine were investigated before and after the challenge. Responses to the histamine in sensitized guinea pigs were also compared with those in naive guinea pigs. The following results were obtained. 1) A significant increase in delta R by histamine administration was observed following the antigen challenge. delta C by histamine administration showed a tendency to increase after the challenge. 2) A significant increase of delta R by 7.2 micrograms/kg histamine administration was observed in actively sensitized guinea pigs. However, delta C by the histamine administration did not change in the sensitized animals.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1991

[A case of chronic progressive radiation myelopathy--a diagnostic significance of gadolinium-DTPA enhancement MRI].

A 65-year-old man had a biopsy diagnosis of right cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Post operative irradiation (4000 rads) was given to the bilateral cervical areas. Twenty five months after completion of irradiation, the patient developed muscle weakness in the right upper and lower extremities, and sensory disturbance below the C2 level in the left side, which was considered as Brown-Séquard syndrome. MRI of T1 weighted images (T1W1) showed mild swelling of the spinal cord from C1 to C6, while T2 weighted images (T2W1) revealed high intensity area at the same level. Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA injection revealed ring enhancement in the right side of the spinal cord from C1 to C2 on sagittal and axial images. The neurological symptoms improved after the administration of corticosteroid. Two weeks after the therapy, a follow-up study revealed disappearance of cervical cord swelling on T1W1 and high intensity area was remarkably diminished on T2W1. Gd-DTPA enhancement, however, showed unremarkable change. Gd-DTPA enhancement was suggested to be a sensitive and valuable diagnostic method of CPRM.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The effect of Ba ions on human muscle cultured in monolayer and innervated with fetal rat spinal cord.

In human muscle culture, 7% of aneurally (AMs) and 5.9% of innervated contracting muscle cells (ICMs) showed slow repolarization components (SRCs: duration, less than 10 ms) of action potentials. After an application of 10 mM Ba ion, prolonged SRCs, which were blocked by nifedipine, appeared in 96% of the AMs and 70% of the ICMs. The duration of SRCs under the application of 10 mM Ba solution were not significantly different between AM and ICM (2.8 and 2.0 s, respectively). The resting membrane potentials (RMPs) of AMs and ICMs decreased to 78% and 74% in the medium with 10 mM Ba solution, respectively, and the input resistance (Rin) of AM increased to 161% in the medium with 10 mM Ba. Slow hyperpolarizing afterpotentials were observed both in AMs and ICMs, and completely disappeared during the application of Ba.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Presence of endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid.

By use of radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for endothelin-1 (ET-1), we have studied whether ET-1-like immunoreactivity (LI) exists in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Human CSF from patients with old cerebrovascular disease contained far greater amounts of ET-1-LI (28 +/- 1.3 pg/ml, n = 9) than normal human plasma. Reverse-phase HPLC coupled with ET-1 RIA revealed a single major ET-1-LI component in human CSF extract coeluting with standard ET-1. These data suggest ET-1 is a neuropeptide secreted from neural tissues in humans.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Vitamin E deficiency in acquired fat malabsorption.

Thirteen patients with adult-onset vitamin E deficiency due to fat malabsorption were investigated clinically and electrophysiologically. These patients had slightly or moderately decreased serum vitamin E (1.7-4.8 micrograms/ml, normal less than 6.0) or vitamin E/cholesterol ratio (0.21-0.31 mg/g, normal less than 0.35). Only one patient had typical neurological manifestations of vitamin E deficiency, which improved with supplementary vitamin E. The pathological findings in this patient were also compatible with vitamin E deficiency. This patient had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus due to advanced chronic pancreatitis. Reviewing previously reported cases of vitamin E deficiency with diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis, the duration of deficiency until the onset of symptoms was shorter than in those cases without complications. Although adult patients with early, slight deficiency of vitamin E are generally asymptomatic, patients with diabetes mellitus tend to have early neurological symptoms. The vitamin E tolerance test should be used, because even in some patients with vitamin E deficiency due to malabsorption, the deficiency can be overcome by large oral doses of vitamin E.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Electroencephalographic activity related to palatal myoclonus in REM sleep.

Polysomnography, including electroencephalography, electromyography and electro-oculography was performed in three patients with palatal myoclonus (PM). The amplitude of the myoclonus decreased during sleep. The frequency did not change during non-REM sleep, but increased during REM sleep in two patients. Ocular myoclonus synchronized with PM disappeared during deep sleep stages in two patients and reappeared during REM sleep in one of them. In the other patient, ocular myoclonus was noted only in REM sleep, being absent even when the patient was awake. All patients showed episodic EEG activities synchronous with myoclonic jerks only in REM sleep. These episodes were noted 5-15 times throughout the night, and each episode lasting for 1-7 s. They were negative or positive waves of saw-tooth appearance which were distributed predominantly in the central region. During the episodes, the frequency of myoclonic jerks increased in two patients. Although it is known that REM sleep influences PM and ocular myoclonus, this is the first report demonstrating the electroencephalographic activity associated with PM.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

"Quadriceps myopathy": a clinical variant form of Becker muscular dystrophy.

A 26-year-old male with "quadriceps myopathy" is presented. He had a family history and only the bilateral quadriceps were wasted, without symptomatic weakness. The specimen of the muscle biopsy showed typical myopathic features without inflammatory reactions. The patchy defect of muscular dystrophin was proved by immunohistochemical study. Dystrophin analysis revealed abnormal 380 kDa dystrophin. Gene deletion was proved at exon 45-48 of Xp21 without frameshift. This case was considered to be a clinical variant form of Becker muscular dystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Myoclonus with burning sensation in legs that remits with sympathetic blockade.

Two patients with hitherto unrecognized spells of involuntary movements in legs are described. They occurred on dropping off to sleep, were preceded by a burning sensation and resembled myoclonus. Subcutaneous injection of epinephrine reproduced the spells. Neurogenic bladder of uninhibited type was noted on cystometry. Epidural or sympathetic nerve block of the lumbar region relieved all the symptoms including the neurogenic bladder. A few minutes before the spells, a rise in blood pressure and pulse rate was observed in one of the cases. Pathophysiological resemblance to painful legs and moving toes was pointed out, but more widespread involvement of the spinal cord was suspected.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistological study on the distribution of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in Alzheimer's brain, compared to beta-amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid protein.

Distribution of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was immunohistologically examined in Alzheimer's brains and compared with those of beta-amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid protein. Immunoblotting study revealed that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin existed in senile plaques extracted from Alzheimer's brain. Immunohistologically, rabbit polyclonal antiserum to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin reacted not only with well-defined amyloid deposits such as typical, primitive, core plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid, but also with so-called preamyloid deposits including large amorphous materials (diffuse plaques), subpial amorphous materials and granular deposits. The staining pattern of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was almost the same as those of beta-amyloid precursor protein and beta-amyloid protein. The present study indicated that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin could play an important role in the formation of various kinds of amyloid deposits including preamyloid ones in Alzheimer's brain.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A developmental change in the content of parvalbumin in normal and dystrophic mouse (mdx) muscle.

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for mouse parvalbumin was developed in this study. The amount of parvalbumin was determined by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay method using anti-parvalbumin IgG-coated polystyrene balls and an anti-parvalbumin Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Parvalbumin could not be detected in normal and dystrophic skeletal muscles of newborn mice. In normal mice, it appeared in the first postnatal week and increased linearly thereafter until the 12th week in fast twitch muscle. Rapid increase in parvalbumin was seen during 3rd and 8th week. On the other hand, parvalbumin detected in the first postnatal week increased gradually, but did not yet reach the adult level at the 16th postnatal week in slow twitch muscle. In mdx mice, fast twitch muscles such as the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior were found to contain significantly decreased amounts of parvalbumin, compared with those in control mice. In fast twitch muscle parvalbumin in mdx mice could not be detected in the newborn, increased until 4th week and thereafter did not increase as that in normal mice. In slow twitch muscle the postnatal increase in parvalbumin content was not different from that in control mice. These results suggest that the decrease in the content of parvalbumin in dystrophic muscle may contribute to the elevation of the level of sarcoplasmic free Ca2+ and the activated Ca2(+)-dependent proteolysis.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral neuropathy in xeroderma pigmentosum.

The pathology of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in 2 autopsied cases of group A xeroderma pigmentosum (De Sanctis Cacchione syndrome) are presented. Motor nerves including those of the oculomotor systems were severely affected, but involvement of the sensory system was even more marked. Minor hypertrophic changes were present in the distal portions of the peripheral nerve trunks, but there was no appreciable difference in the density of myelinated nerve fibres between proximal and distal levels. Morphometric data including teased fibre analyses and g ratio scattergrams suggest that the underlying pathogenetic mechanism is that of a neuronopathy. Unmyelinated axons were also severely depleted. Review of the previous literature revealed that the pathological changes of the PNS in group A xeroderma pigmentosum are thought to be slowly progressive, which is also suggested by the severe and widespread sclerotic changes of the CNS in the present 2 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Idiopathic palatal myoclonus.

Two cases with idiopathic palatal myoclonus without other neurological deficits were described. They did not have any other neurological deficits other than myoclonus of branchial muscles. In these cases, the myoclonus disappeared during natural or induced sleep. In Case 1, the myoclonus ceased transiently when the patient was calculating or receiving an injection. In Case 2, the myoclonus disappeared with intravenous injection of saline as a placebo. Detailed examinations, including brain CT, MRI and multiple evoked potentials, showed normal results. The myoclonus in Case 2 disappeared after we had explained that her disease was benign. Since the clinical features and laboratory data in idiopathic palatal myoclonus are quite different from those in palatal myoclonus with other neurological deficits, idiopathic palatal myoclonus is considered to be a separate syndrome. Invasive examinations or excessive medications should be avoided because of its benign prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

CSF lymphocyte subsets in aseptic meningitis: dual-labelling analysis with flow cytometry.

In order to characterize the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) lymphocytes in CNS (central nervous system) inflammation, we examined paired samples of CSF and PB (peripheral blood) of 19 patients with acute aseptic meningitis, performing the dual labelling method on flow cytometry. Significantly higher percentages of CD3+ (T cell), CD4+ (helper-inducer), Leu3a+ Leu15- (cytotoxic-T) and HLA-DR+ CD3+ (activated-T) cells were identified in the CSF than in the PB of these patients. We observed significantly lower percentages of CD19+ (B cell), Leu2a+ Leu18+ (suppressor-inducer) and HLA-DR+ CD3- cells in the CSF than in the PB of these patients. Relative increases in helper-inducer, cytotoxic-T and activated-T cells in the CSF of aseptic meningitis are supposed to represent an active inflammatory process. However, whether these changes are specific or pathognomonic to any disease(s) remains to be solved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Pure agraphia of kanji due to thrombosis of the Labbé vein.

A case is described of a 56 year old Japanese male with pure agraphia of kanji (the Japanese morphograms) due to haemorrhagic infarction of the left temporal lobe caused by the rare condition of cortical vein thrombosis of Labbé. Writing kanji was severely impaired without disturbed consciousness, aphasia or apraxia. On the other hand, writing kana (the Japanese syllabograms), and reading kanji and kana were almost intact. This suggests that the process of writing kanji involves a different pathway from that of reading kanji in the left temporal lobe. Pure agraphia of kanji is considered to be similar to lexical agraphia in Indo-European languages, in that the writing system with a poor or irregular phoneme-grapheme transformation is impaired by the left temporal lesion. This case indicates the necessity for considering thrombosis of the Labbé vein when a subcortical haematoma is detected in a temporal lobe on computed tomography of the brain.

Agraphia↗
PubMed1990

Encephalopathy due to toluene sniffing. Report of a case with magnetic resonance imaging.

A 27-year-old man with a 10-year history of toluene abuse developed dementia, cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria and pyramidal signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed atrophy of the cerebrum, corpus callosum, cerebellum and brainstem. The internal capsule showed abnormal intensity. Chronic toluene abuse may affect not only the cerebral and cerebellar cortex or brainstem but also the subcortical cerebral white matter. MRI may be a sensitive tool to use in evaluating the severity and prognosis of the neurological syndrome resulting from toluene abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

"Pseudo-delta sign" on computed tomography in an extremely acute stage of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis--a case report.

A case of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis with a "pseudo-delta sign" on computed tomography (CT) is reported. The so-called "empty delta sign," which usually appears following contrast enhancement, is reliable in the CT diagnosis of SSS thrombosis but may not appear, it is said, in the extremely acute stage. In this patient, however, the "empty delta sign" appeared with precontrast CT scans and disappeared with postcontrast CT scans, "pseudo-delta sign," in the extremely acute stage of SSS thrombosis. On the precontrast CT, blood surrounding the sagittal sinus outlined it; when contrast was given, it became dense with blood.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[A case of Hoffmann's syndrome with peripheral neuropathy and various pathological findings in muscle biopsy].

A 58-year-old hypothyroid man developed numbness in the extremities and muscular hypertrophy without pain. Needle electromyography was normal. Nerve conduction study revealed severe entrapment and impaired conduction velocity. Muscle biopsy demonstrated small group atrophy, scattered hypertrophic fibers, interstitial fibrosis and subsarcolemmal vaculoes. These vacuoles were stained dark with NADH-TR. On electron microscopy these vacuoles were filled with aggregated mitochondria and glycogen particles. These myopathological findings have been rarely described in Hoffmann's syndrome or Kocher-Debré-Semelaigne syndrome in the literature. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a loss of myelinated fibers in large diameter and relative increase in small diameter fibers. Teased fiber examination demonstrated segmental demyelination. The nerve biopsy findings indicate slowly progressive axonopathy. In Hoffmann's syndrome, associated peripheral neuropathy may play some role in the manifestation of clinical signs and symptoms including muscle weakness and some sensory disturbance.

Humans↗