Biomedical subjects

H Tsukagoshi

Publications and source records attributed to H Tsukagoshi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Intention tremor and olivary enlargement: clinico-radiological study.

This study describes two patients who presented with intention tremor (IT) concomitant with olivary enlargement (OE), and discusses the relationship between these phenomena. Both patients had a vascular lesion in the brain stem, which subsequently caused IT and OE ipsilateral or contralateral to the site of the lesion, depending on the structures effected by the lesion. The results of our study suggest that damage involving the superior cerebellar tract, and central tegmental tract, or both, may result in IT and OE. However, IT and OE appear to have little physiological association, unlike the relation between OE and palatal myoclonus.

Humans↗

PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis of superficial esophageal carcinoma].

Pre-operative diagnosis of the depth of invasion is important to decide the treatment of superficial esophageal carcinoma. The ability of EUS to diagnose the depth of invasion was examined in 40 lesions with superficial esophageal carcinoma between January 1993 and April 1994. The depth of invasion was classified as m1 or m2, m3 or sm1, and sm2 or more. Mucosal carcinoma could be detected clearly by using the 20MHz miniature probe. The diagnostic accuracy was 82.5% in all 40 lesions, and 77.8% in mucosal carcinoma (included with sm1). The reasons for incorrect diagnosis were broadness of the lesion, microinvasion, and artifact of endoscopic biopsy. EUS is considered to be useful even for superficial esophageal carcinoma as one of the preoperative diagnostic imagings.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1995

Bradykinin receptor subtypes in rat lung: effect of interleukin-1 beta.

We have characterized bradykinin (BK) receptors in the rat lung and studied the effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on BK receptors in vitro and in vivo. In lung membranes, saturation studies with [3]BK revealed a single class of specific and saturable binding sites. The BK B1 antagonist des-Arg9[Leu8]-BK was less effective in displacing [3H]BK binding sites from lung membranes. In contrast, the selective BK B2 antagonists, Hoe 140 (D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]-BK) and NPC 567 (D-Arg-[Hyp3,D-Phe7]-BK) fully inhibited the binding of [3H]BK to lung membranes with Ki values of 96.7 +/- 17.8 pM and 9.0 +/- 2.5 nM, respectively. Intratracheal administration of 500 U of IL-1 beta induced airway hyper-responsiveness to inhaled BK and neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 18 to 24 hr later. Compared to naive or saline-treated animals, IL-1 beta had no effect on [3H]BK binding characteristics at 4, 12 or 24 hr after IL-1 beta administration. Twenty-four hours after IL-1 beta instillation, there was no change in the affinity of the selective BK B1 or B2 antagonists when compared to control animals. In vivo, the selective BK B2 receptor antagonists, NPC 567 (3 mumol kg-1 i.v.) and Hoe 140 (100 nmol kg-1 i.v.), inhibited BK-induced increase in lung resistance, whereas the selective BK B1 antagonist, des-Arg9[Leu8]-BK (10 mumol kg-1 i.v.), was without effect. These data suggest that the action of BK in the rat lung is dependent mainly on the activation of the BK B2 receptor subtype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Compression of brachial plexus as a diagnostic test of cervical cord lesion.

STUDY DESIGN: This study evaluated the clinical significance of radicular signs around the neck in relation to mechanical lesions of the cervical spine and cord. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Classical radicular signs around the neck, such as Jackson's sign or Spurling's sign, are not sensitive enough to detect corresponding lesions. OBJECTIVES: Compression of the brachial plexus elicits radiating pain (BP) in patients with cervical lesions. The clinical significance of this new sign as a potential indicator of the cervical lesion compared with other classical signs was evaluated. METHODS: Sixty-five patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine were prospectively evaluated for these clinical signs that elicit radiating pain around the neck. Clinical signs were correlated to deformity of the cervical spine and cord and to final diagnosis. RESULTS: Classical radicular signs often were lacking, even in patients with mechanical lesions around the cervical spine. However, BP was often observed in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the classical radicular signs, BP is highly sensitive and reasonably specific in detecting mechanical lesions around the cervical spine, and suggests radicular involvement.

Brachial Plexus↗

PubMed1994

Dysautonomia with acute sensory motor neuropathy. A new classification of acute autonomic neuropathy.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the dysautonomia associated with acute sensory motor neuropathy and to discuss the classification of acute autonomic neuropathy. DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: Sympathetic skin response. Local sweat response to acetylcholine. Norepinephrine infusion test and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry of sural nerve biopsy specimens in addition to making conventional analyses of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. RESULTS: In 12 patients with chronic neuropathy, acetylcholinesterase-positive fiber density and plantar sympathetic skin response size were well correlated, but in the two patients with acute autonomic sensory and motor neuropathy, there were discrepancies, acetylcholinesterase-positive fiber density being well preserved and sympathetic skin responses being absent. Histologic and electrophysiologic results indicated primary demyelination of the myelinated fibers. In contrast, previous studies of acute autonomic sensory and motor neuropathy reported dysfunction of the sympathetic postganglionic fibers and axonopathic change in myelinated fibers, poor recovery from dysautonomia. CONCLUSIONS: Dysautonomia with acute idiopathic neuropathy can be divided into two categories--postganglionic axonopathic and preganglionic demyelinating types of the sympathetic efferent pathways. The recovery from dysautonomia produced by the former lesion is poor, but recovery is better for that produced by the latter lesion.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1994

Effect of interleukin-1 beta on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in sensitized and nonsensitized Brown-Norway rats.

Airway responsiveness (AR) to inhaled acetylcholine and bradykinin and inflammatory cell recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were studied in inbred male Brown-Norway rats actively sensitized to ovalbumin and later given 500 U interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) intratracheally. We examined animals 14 to 21 days after initial sensitization at 18 to 24 hours after the intratracheal administration of IL-1 beta. We evaluated AR to acetylcholine as -log PC200, which is -log10 transformation of provocative concentration of acetylcholine producing 200% increase in lung resistance, and to bradykinin as percent increase in lung resistance. BALF was examined as an index of inflammatory changes within the lung. Although there was no significant difference in baseline lung resistance, nonsensitized and sensitized animals that were given IL-1 beta demonstrated a significant increase of AR to bradykinin at 18 to 24 hours and a significant increase of neutrophil counts in BALF, which was already observed by 4 to 6 hours. There was a significant correlation between AR to bradykinin and neutrophil counts in BALF in all animals (r = 0.644; p < 0.0005). We conclude that intratracheal administration of IL-1 beta induces the inflammatory changes, which are characterized by an increase in neutrophil counts in BALF, and increased AR to bradykinin, and that active sensitization per se does not potentiate the effect of IL-1 beta on AR to acetylcholine or bradykinin or on airway inflammation.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1994

The effects of sevoflurane are similar to those of isoflurane on the neuromuscular block produced by vecuronium.

We have examined the interactions of 1 MAC of isoflurane and sevoflurane (and 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen) with vecuronium, using the EMG response of the abductor digiti minimi to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve. We constructed dose-response curves for vecuronium in 54 patients. The curves for both isoflurane and sevoflurane had a significant leftward shift compared with that for fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia (P < 0.01). When the amplitudes of the first response (T1) had recovered to 50% of control in another 32 patients, subsequently we compared the spontaneous recovery rate of the ratio of the fourth to the first TOF response (T4:T1) at 3-min intervals during the 15-min period, in the presence of two volatile anaesthetics or after discontinuation of administration of anaesthetic. The rate of recovery of T4:T1 was significantly greater when both anaesthetics were discontinued. However, this rate was similar for both anaesthetics, suggesting that the mechanism of action of the two anaesthetics is similar.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Inhibition by thromboxane antagonists of airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine induced by 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha in guinea-pigs.

We studied the effect of intravenous administration of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha on airway responsiveness to histamine and airway wall thickening in guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs were killed and the lungs were fixed in formalin. Slides from paraffin-embedded sections of the lungs were stained and the airways that were cut in transverse section were measured by tracing enlarged images using a digitizer. Moreover, airway resistance (Raw) was determined by a pulmonary mechanics analyser and we calculated two indices, an index of airway wall thickening and the one of airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, from changes of baseline-Raw and peak-Raw following intravenous administration of histamine before and after the intravenous administration of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha. Intravenous administration of 10 micrograms/kg 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha for 1 h did not induce an increase of the relative thickness of the airway wall by the histological examination. In analysis of airway function, intravenous administration of 10 micrograms/kg 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha for 1 h induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine without airway wall thickening. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonists ONO-NT-126 and ONO-8809 inhibited the 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, suggesting that the effect of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha on bronchial hyperresponsiveness is likely to be mediated through TXA2.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Inhibition by a novel peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist ONO-1078 of airway wall thickening and airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine induced by leukotriene C4 or leukotriene D4 in guinea-pigs.

We studied the effect of intravenous administration of leukotriene (LT) C4 or LTD4 on airway responsiveness to histamine and airway wall thickening in guinea-pigs. Guinea-pigs were killed and the lungs were fixed in formalin. Slides from paraffin-embedded section of the lungs were stained and the airways that were cut in transverse section were measured by tracing enlarged images using a digitizer. Moreover, airway resistance (Raw) was determined by a pulmonary mechanics analyser and we calculated two indices, an index of airway wall thickening and the one of airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, from changes of baseline-Raw and peak-Raw following intravenous administration of histamine before and after the intravenous administration of LTC4 or LTD4. The infusion of LTC4 or LTD4 induced an increase of the relative thickness of the airway wall in peripheral bronchi demonstrable by the histological examination. In analysis of airway function, intravenous administration of LTC4 or LTD4 induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine with airway wall thickening. The LTC4 and LTD4 receptor antagonist ONO-1078 inhibited these effects of LTC4 and LTD4, suggesting LTC4 and LTD4 may induce airway wall thickening and airway hyperresponsiveness through LTC4 and LTD4 receptors in the airways.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed1994

Human T lymphotropic virus type I associated myelopathy and myasthenia gravis: a possible association?

We report the first known patient with human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) associated myelopathy (HAM) and myasthenia gravis (MG). A 50-year-old woman developed fluctuating muscle weakness with easy fatigability, transient bilateral blepharoptosis and double vision. Spastic paraparesis complicated these symptoms. Neurological assessments and specific laboratory findings revealed that the patient had definite HAM and MG. By inference from decreasing serum anti-HTLV-I antibody titers after thymectomy, the presence of antigenicity for HTLV-I in the thymic reticular cells, and a high incidence of various coexistent autoimmune diseases in HAM or MG, we suggested the possibility that these two diseases were associated with each other and with HTLV-I infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Cognitive functions in subjects with incidental cerebral hyperintensities.

We investigated the association between incidental cerebral hyperintensities (CH) found by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive functions in neurologically normal, nondemented subjects. Semiquantitative scores for MRI lesions and those for brain atrophy were compared with the results of extensive cognitive examinations using multivariate analysis. There was no correlation between CH and cognition, except that periventricular hyperintensities, especially those in posterior locations, were associated with reduced performance in the Stroop test. Overall cognitive functions were associated with age, and age was a predominant factor in the prefrontal functions. Brain atrophy was associated more with decline of the posterior and dorsolateral frontal brain functions. We suggest that disturbances in attention and speed may initially result from incidental CH, while other cognitive functions remain unaffected.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Cerebral ischemic attack caused by postprandial hypotension.

BACKGROUND: Food ingestion sometimes induces systemic hypotension (postprandial hypotension). Although the possibility of stroke occurring postprandially has been suggested, no cases have been reported until now. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 78-year-old man experienced repeated transient ischemic attacks after almost every ingestion of food and showed orthostatic and postprandial hypotension. An angiogram revealed occlusion of his left carotid artery and stenosis of his right middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSIONS: Postprandial as well as orthostatic hypotension can be a risk factor for stroke in patients with severe occlusive cerebrovascular disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Involvement of tachykinin receptors (NK1 and NK2) in sodium metabisulfite-induced airway effects.

We have investigated the effects of CP-96,345 and SR-48968, new nonpeptide (neurokinin) NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists, respectively, against bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage induced by inhaled sodium metabisulfite (MBS) in anesthetized guinea pigs. Lung resistance (RL) was measured for 6 min after challenge, followed by measurement of extravasation of Evans blue dye into airway tissues, used as an index of airway microvascular leakage. MBS (80 mM, 30 breaths) caused a significant increase in RL and leakage of dye at all airway levels. CP-96,345 (2 mg/kg, intravenous) but not SR-48968 (1.5 mg/kg, intravenous) significantly inhibited the leakage of dye at all airway levels except for trachea. Each antagonist inhibited significantly the maximal increase in RL. The combination had a significant additive effect against the bronchoconstriction, when compared with SR-48968 alone, and significantly inhibited the leakage of dye at the same airway levels as CP-96,345. We conclude that bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled MBS is, at least partly, mediated by activation of both NK1 and NK2 receptors, and the airway microvascular leakage by NK1 receptor stimulation alone.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1994

Role of nitric oxide and superoxide anions in interleukin-1 beta-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin.

We investigated the role of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anions in recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (rhIL-1 beta)-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and neutrophilia in Brown-Norway rats. Aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg/d) administered subcutaneously for 3 d, an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase, L-arginine (100 mg/kg/d administered subcutaneously for 3 d, a specific precursor for the synthesis of NO, and apocynin (5 mg/kg/orally), an inhibitor of superoxide anion (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase in macrophages and neutrophils, were administered prior to administration of rhIL-1 beta (500 U) intratracheally. Aminoguanidine in addition to another inhibitor of NO synthase, NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 100 mg kg/d administered subcutaneously for 3 d augmented bronchial responsiveness to inhaled bradykinin (BK) but not to acetylcholine (ACh), an effect reversed by L-arginine. rhIL-1 beta-treated rats also demonstrated BHR to BK but not to ACh, associated with neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). rhIL-1 beta-induced BHR and neutrophilia were neither further increased by aminoguanidine nor inhibited by L-arginine. Apocynin, however, significantly inhibited rhIL-1 beta-induced BHR but not the BALF neutrophilia. Suppression of NO generation and generation of O2- from macrophages and infiltrating neutrophils may be important in rhIL-1 beta-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin.

Acetophenones↗

PubMed1994

Pathophysiological role of magnesium in familial Bartter's syndrome.

We studied three siblings with Bartter's syndrome associated with hypomagnesemia; two of them showing marked hypomagnesemia and the other mild hypomagnesemia. Urinary potassium, sodium and chloride excretions were determined and distal fractional chloride reabsorption and free water clearance on water loading test were compared before and after magnesium supplementation. Baseline urinary potassium and magnesium excretions were elevated in spite of the decreased plasma levels, whereas distal fractional chloride reabsorption and free water clearance were depressed in all patients. Magnesium repletion resulted in significant decrease in urinary potassium, sodium and chloride and subsequent increase in plasma potassium in all patients. However, neither distal fractional chloride reabsorption nor free water clearance was affected. Hypomagnesemia may contribute to urinary potassium wasting and aggravate urinary sodium and chloride wasting in familial Bartter's syndrome by a mechanism independent of the defect in free-water formation by the active reabsorption of chloride in Henle's loop.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Reversible white matter lesions in a patient with fulminant hepatitis and acute renal failure.

A 36-year-old man developed fulminant hepatitis and acute renal failure with profound hyponatremia (116 mEq/L). Emergent hemodialysis corrected the serum sodium to 136 mEq/L within 24 hours. He developed generalized convulsions 11 days later. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a single large symmetrical lesion in the pons and extensive white matter lesions in the bilateral occipital, temporal, parietal and right frontal regions. These lesions showed marked resolution as the patient recovered. Fulminant hepatitis and acute renal failure could induce extensive edema in the cerebral white matter. Therefore, not all MRI abnormalities in the white matter after correction of hyponatremia necessarily reflect myelinolysis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1994

Marked elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in the peripheral blood as an initial manifestation of meningeal carcinomatosis.

Marked elevation of tumor markers in the peripheral blood was initially a sole manifestation of meningeal carcinomatosis in a man with gastric carcinoma. In addition to extensive meningeal carcinomatosis, no metastatic lesions were found at autopsy other than microscopic infiltration into a tiny paraaortic lymph node. Elevation of these markers in the peripheral blood is best explained by meningeal carcinomatosis. When elevation of these markers is otherwise unexplainable, meningeal carcinomatosis should be considered as a diagnostic possibility even in the absence of neurological symptoms.

CA-19-9 Antigen↗

PubMed1993

Inhibition of 9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness by thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists in guinea pigs.

We studied the effect of intravenous administration of 9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2 on bronchial responsiveness to histamine and airway wall thickening in guinea pigs. The infusion of 9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2 induced an increase of the relative thickness of the airway wall in peripheral bronchi demonstrable by histological examination. Analysis of airway function showed that the infusion of 9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2 induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine with airway wall thickening. The thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists, ONO-NT-126 (5(Z)-6-[(1R,2R,3R,4S)-3-(n-4-bromobenzenesulfonyl-aminomethyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-yl]hex-5-enoic acid) and ONO-8809 (n-decyl(Z)-6-[(1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-(4-bromobenzenesulfonylaminomethyl) bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-hexenoate), inhibited these effects of 9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2 in a dose-dependent manner.

Airway Resistance↗