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Biomedical subjects

H Trau

Publications and source records attributed to H Trau.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Decreased density of epidermal dendritic cells in melanocytic naevi: the possible role of in vivo sun exposure.

Melanocytic naevi are benign skin tumours that originate in the epidermis. The pathogenesis of naevi and cutaneous malignant melanoma has been linked to sun exposure. This study evaluates alterations in the density of immunologically active epidermal dendritic cells (EDCs) in naevi in response to sun exposure. Immunohistologically stained sections of 266 naevi from patients from Israel (n=135) and Germany (n=131) were evaluated. The proportion of naevi with decreased density of HLA-DR+ (dDR+) and CD1a+ (dCD1a+) EDCs was analysed according to country, last exposure to sunlight, anatomical location and histological subtype. The risk of dDR+ was found to be linked to residence in Israel compared with Germany (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-8.9), suggesting a latitude-dependent effect. Naevi removed in summer had a higher risk of dCD1a+ (OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 2.3-9.8) compared with those removed in winter. The most conspicuous dDR+ among the German cases, and dCD1a+ among the Israelis, occurred in naevi located on commonly exposed skin. The similar densities of EDCs in the lesional and perilesional skin of the majority of the naevi indicates that the underlying naevus cells have no effect on EDC density. It is not unlikely that an altered immune response due to dDR+ and dCD1a+ in sun-exposed skin in the vicinity of naevi contributes to the subsequent melanoma risk in highly susceptible individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The epidermotropic mycosis fungoides associated alpha1beta1 integrin (VLA-1, CD49a/CD29) is primarily a collagen IV receptor on malignant T cells.

Several of the beta1 integrin receptors [very late antigen (VLA) molecules] for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are expressed by malignant T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We evaluated the function of VLA-1, a beta1 integrin specifically expressed in epidermotropic mycosis fungoides (MF), in CD4+ leukemic T cells Jurkat line). We found that Jurkat cells adhere significantly to collagens only after their activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). However, the adhesion to collagen IV (but not to collagen I) of Jurkat cells selected for expressing increased levels of VLA-1 (with unchanged levels of VLA-2, the second collagen integrin receptor) was significantly enhanced relative to that of "VLA-1 low" cells. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1B3.1, directed against the collagen binding domain of VLA-1, inhibited adhesion to collagen IV and to collagen I by 36.67%+/-5.25% and 18%+/-4.32%, respectively (p<0.05), whereas the inhibition by anti-VLA-2 mAb PIE6 was comparable on both collagens (25%+/-7.48% and 36.3%+/-0.94%, respectively; p<0.09). Immuno-histochemical studies of skin biopsies from 10 untreated MF patients showed that in all cases at least 10% of the lymphocytes residing in the epidermis are VLA-1+VLA-2-. While not directly applicable to MF, the demonstrated functions of VLA-1 in leukemic Jurkat cells, together with its expression in MF skin, suggest a role for VLA-1 integrins in epidermotropism in a small proportion of leukemic MF cells.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1998

Silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) as a prognostic value in malignant melanoma.

The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are chromosomal loops of DNA and proteins involved in ribosomal synthesis. By silver staining, they can be identified as black dots (AgNORs) in the nuclei. Their size and number reflect cell and nuclear activity. Therefore, AgNOR count may correlate with the proliferative activity of tumors. In malignant melanoma, correlation between AgNOR count and the growth phase was found. However, the value of AgNORs in determining prognosis is disputable. Our purpose was to evaluate the role of AgNORs in predicting the biological behavior of melanoma. Paraffin-embedded sections of 30 cases of primary melanoma, 0.4-5 mm thick (mean, 1.6 mm) were stained with silver. Follow-up of all patients was at least 5 years. For each tumor, at least 50 cells were randomly selected for AgNOR count at a final magnification of 500, and the mean of AgNOR content was calculated. Sample parameters corresponded well to the epidemiology and the natural history of melanoma. AgNOR counts (0.78-4.26; mean, 1.42+/-0.72) correlated with tumor thickness (p = 0.01); thus, most superficial tumors had low AgNOR counts, whereas most deep tumors (> or = 1.5 mm) showed high counts. Patients who had tumors with AgNOR counts lower than the median had longer disease-free interval (DFI) than did patients who had tumors with higher counts (p = 0.02). Furthermore, in a multivariate Cox analysis, AgNOR count was independent of tumor thickness in determining DFI (p = 0.05). Therefore, AgNORs may serve as a parameter to predict more accurately the progression of melanomas (mainly thin ones). Larger studies are needed in order to consolidate these preliminary results and to characterize AgNOR value further as a prognostic factor in melanoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome].

Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome is a rare condition characterized by uneven sclerotic, osseous formations seen on X-ray (osteopoikilosis) and fibrous skin papules (dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata). We report an 82-year-old man with this syndrome. Awareness of the condition is important to avoid misdiagnosis and hazardous management designed for other disorders, such as prostatic metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Necrobiosis lipoidica and diabetic control revisited.

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is a rare skin disorder, usually considered a marker for diabetes mellitus. More than half of the patients with necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum have diabetes mellitus, but less than one per cent of diabetes mellitus patients have necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. In the diabetes and dermatology literature, we find the position that there is no effect of glucose control on either the appearance of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum or the clinical course of the lesion. We base our challenge to this position on a critical review of the original data. And conclude on the contrary, that necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is usually associated with poor glucose control and that tighter glucose control, as currently practised, might improve or prevent the disorder.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1996

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare skin disease mimicking necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum clinically and histologically. However, its association with paraproteinemia, and the evolution of hematologic malignancies in some cases, established NXG as a separate clinicopathologic entity. A typical case with indolent course is described.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Familial cutaneous malignant melanoma and tumors of the nervous system. A hereditary cancer syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Excessive risk of cutaneous melanoma as a second cancer has been associated with benign or malignant tumors of the nervous system. Cutaneous melanoma and nervous system tumors may independently aggregate in families. There are, however, no previous reports of increased likelihood of tumors of the nervous system in families of patients with cutaneous melanoma or--of cutaneous melanoma in families with tumors of the nervous system. METHODS: The occurrence of nervous system tumors as second cancers was examined in a series of 904 patients with cutaneous melanoma and/or their family members. RESULTS: Fifteen families with 17 members with cutaneous melanoma from this series had one or more additional relatives with tumors of the nervous system, including astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neurilemmoma. Another subgroup of 10 patients with cutaneous melanoma had either a meningioma (n = 9) or acoustic neurilemmoma (n = 1) as a second tumor. The pattern of atypical melanocytic nevi occurring in the majority (20/25) of cutaneous melanoma patients in our series and in additional first degree relatives of 9 of 11 of the affected families, has been previously associated with the Familial Atypical Multiple Mole-Melanoma syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This unusual familial and personal occurrence of tumors, showing differentiation toward tissues of the neural crest, neuroepithelium, and/or mesenchymal derivation, supports a putative association with a hereditary cancer susceptibility trait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The pattern of HMB-45 antibody staining in compound Spitz nevi.

We studied the staining pattern of HMB-45 antibody in 29 compound Spitz nevi (SNs) of the epithelioid cell variety, 17 of which showed extension of nevus cells into the reticular dermis (i.e., "deep"); 20 ordinary compound nevi (CNs), all with a deep dermal component; and 22 primary cutaneous invasive malignant melanomas (MMs) (excluding the desmoplastic and spindle cell types), 12 of which extended into Clark level IV or V. Of the 29 SNs, eight (28%) stained negatively; five (17%), including two deep SNs, stained in the epidermal component only; and 16 (55%), including 10 deep SNs, stained in both the epidermal and dermal components. Of the latter 10 deep SNs, eight stained in the upper dermis only, and in the remaining two lesions, a smaller number of positively stained nevus cells were detectable in the lower dermis as well; these two SNs were not atypical histologically. Of the 20 CNs, four (20%) stained negatively, two (10%) stained in the epidermal component only, and 14 (70%) stained in the epidermal component and the upper dermis only. Of the 22 MMs, one stained negatively, and 21 (95%) stained positively in both the epidermal and dermal components. The pattern was variable in frequency of both staining and distribution, but showed no stratification. We conclude that the majority of our positively stained deep compound SNs showed a stratified pattern of HMB-45 staining, similar to ordinary CNs and different from MMs, and that this pattern might be used as an adjunct in the histopathologic differential diagnosis of compound SN and MM, in the proper clinicopathological context.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical study of p53 protein expression in Spitz nevus as compared with other melanocytic lesions.

The accumulation of p53 protein was studied immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded sections of 26 Spitz nevi (SNs), 26 primary invasive cutaneous malignant melanomas (MMs), 20 metastases of MM, and 17 ordinary compound nevi (CNs), using monoclonal antibody BP53-12. Positive reactivity was detected in some of the tumor cells in seven (35%) metastatic MMs, all exhibiting strong nuclear staining; eight (31%) primary MMs, of which seven showed strong nuclear staining; two (7%) SNs, of which only one showed strong nuclear staining; and none of the CNs. The frequencies of the positively stained lesions in general, and the strongly positively stained lesions in particular, in the MM and metastatic MM groups were each statistically significantly higher than the respective frequencies in the SN and CN groups. We believe that the immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein with the use of monoclonal antibodies such as BP53-12 on paraffin sections, especially when strong nuclear reactivity is demonstrated, may prove to be an adjunctive tool in the histopathologic differentiation of MM from SN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Generalized pustular eruption associated with converting enzyme inhibitor therapy.

A 67-year-old man presented with a high fever and a generalized rash. His extended hospital stay was characterized by fever with repeated staphylococcal bacteremia and the appearance of axillary lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Skin lesions became hyperpigmented, dry, and atrophic with areas of exfoliation and uclers. Examination of skin and lymph node biopsy specimens showed findings consistent with mycosis fungoides. The patient unexpectedly recovered on discontinuation of captopril. A positive macrophage inhibiting factor response for both captopril and enalapril indicated that the non-sulfhydryl moiety was the antigenic stimulant for the lesion resembling mycosis fungoides.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Porokeratosis of the skin in an immunosuppressed patient].

Porokeratosis is a chronic, progressive disease of hereditary origin, characterized by the formation of annular, flat lesions with elevated scaly borders. It appears as a few clinical variants that differ mainly in the mode of spread of the lesions and age of onset. In recent years immunosuppression has been found to initiate appearance of the disease or cause its exacerbation. We present a 39-year-old man who developed porokeratosis a year after commencing immunosuppressive treatment following a heart transplantation. There is a relationship between the immune system, malignant transformation and porokeratosis.

Adult↗